英文简历之24秘笈
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1.WhatISaresumeanyway?
Remember:aResumeisaself-promotionaldocumentthatpresentsyouinthebestpossiblelight,forthepurposeofgettinginvitedtoajobinterview.It''''''''snotanofficialpersonneldocument.It''''''''snotajobapplication.It''''''''snota"careerobituary"!Andit''''''''snotaconfessional.
2.Whatshouldtheresumecontentbeabout?
It''''''''snotjustaboutpastjobs!It''''''''saboutYOU,andhowyouperformedandwhatyouaccomplishedinthosepastjobs--especiallythoseaccomplishmentsthataremostrelevanttotheworkyouwanttodonext.Agoodresumepredictshowyoumightperforminthatdesiredfuturejob.
3.What''''''''sthefastestwaytoimprovearesume?
Removeeverythingthatstartswith"responsibilitiesincluded"andreplaceitwithon-the-jobaccomplishments.(SeeTip11foronewaytowritethem.)
4.Whatisthemostcommonresumemistakemadebyjobhunters?
LeavingouttheirJobObjective!Ifyoudon''''''''tshowasenseofdirection,employerswon''''''''tbeinterested.Havingaclearlystatedgoaldoesn''''''''thavetoconfineyouifit''''''''sstatedwell.
5.What''''''''sthefirststepinwritingaresume?
Decideonajobtarget(or"jobobjective")thatcanbestatedinabout5or6words.Anythingbeyondthatisprobably"fluff"andindicatesalackofclarityanddirection.
6.HowdoyoudecidewhethertouseaChronologicalresumeoraFunctionalone?
TheChronologicalformatiswidelypreferredbyemployers,andworkswellifyou''''''''restayinginthesamefield(especiallyifyou''''''''vebeenupwardly-mobile).OnlyuseaFunctionalformatifyou''''''''rechangingfields,andyou''''''''resureaskills-orientedformatwouldshowoffyourtransferableskillstobetteradvantage;andbesuretoincludeaclearchronologicalworkhistory!
7.Whatifyoudon''''''''thaveanyexperienceinthekindofworkyouwanttodo?
Getsome!Findaplacethatwillletyoudosomevolunteerworkrightaway.Youonlyneedabrief,concentratedperiodofvolunteertraining(forexample,1dayaweekforamonth)tohaveatleastSOMEexperiencetoputonyourresume.Also,lookatsomeofthevolunteerworkyou''''''''vedoneinthepastandseeifanyofTHAThelpsdocumentsomeskillsyou''''''''llneedforyournewjob.
8.Whatdoyoudoifyouhavegapsinyourworkexperience?
Youcouldstartbylookingatitdifferently.GeneralRule:TellwhatyouWEREdoing,asgracefullyaspossible--ratherthanleaveagap.Ifyouweredoinganythingvaluable(evenifunpaid)duringthoseso-called"gaps"youcouldjustinsertTHATintothework-historysectionofyourresumetofillthehole.Herearesomeexamples:
1993-95Full-timeparent--or
1992-94Maternityleaveandfamilymanagement--or
Travelandstudy--orFull-timestudent--or
Parentingpluscommunityservice
9.Whatifyouhaveseveraldifferentjobobjectivesyou''''''''reworkingonatthesametime?Oryouhaven''''''''tnarroweditdownyettojustonejobtarget?
Thenwriteadifferentresumeforeachdifferentjobtarget.AtargetedresumeisMUCH,muchstrongerthanagenericresume.
10.Whatifyouhaveafragmented,scrambled-upworkhistory,withlotsofshort-termjobs?
Tominimizethejob-hopperimage,combineseveralsimilarjobsintoone"chunk,"forexample:
1993-1995Secretary/Receptionist;JonesBakery,MicroCorp.,CarterJewelers--or
1993-95Waiter/Busboy;McDougal''''''''sRestaurant,BurgerKing,TradersCoffeeShop.
Alsoyoucanjustdropsomeofthelessimportant,briefestjobs.Butdon''''''''tdropajob,evenwhenitlastedashorttime,ifthatwaswhereyouacquiredimportantskillsorexperience.
11.What''''''''sthebestwaytoimpressanemployer?
Fillyourresumewith"PAR"statements.PARstandsforProblem-Action-Results;inotherwords,firstyoustatetheproblemthatexistedinyourworkplace,thenyoudescribewhatyoudidaboutit,andfinallyyoupointoutthebeneficialresults.
Here''''''''sanexample:"Transformedadisorganized,inefficientwarehouseintoasmooth-runningoperationbytotallyredesigningthelayout;thissavedthecompanythousandsofdollarsinrecoveredstock."
Anotherexample:"Improvedanengineeringcompany''''''''sobsoletefilingsystembydevelopingasimplebutsophisticatedfunctional-codingsystem.Thissavedtimeandmoneybyrecoveringvaluable,previouslylost,projectrecords."
12.Whatifyourjobtitledoesn''''''''treflectyouractuallevelofresponsibility?
Whenyoulistitontheresume,eitherreplaceitwithamoreappropriatejobtitle(say"OfficeManager"insteadof"AdministrativeAssistant"ifthat''''''''smorerealistic)ORusetheirjobtitleANDyourfaireronetogether,i.e."AdministrativeAssistant(OfficeManager)"
13.Howcanyouavoidagediscrimination?
Ifyou''''''''reover40or50or60,rememberthatyoudon''''''''thavetopresentyourentireworkhistory!YoucansimplylabelTHATpartofyourresume"RecentWorkHistory"or"RelevantWorkHistory"andthendescribeonlythelast10or15yearsofyourexperience.Belowyour10-15yearworkhistory,youcouldaddaparagraphheaded"Priorrelevantexperience"andsimplyrefertoanyadditionalimportant(butancient)jobswithoutmentioningdates.
14.Whatifyouneverhadany"real"paidjobs--justself-employmentoroddjobs?
Giveyourselfcredit,andcreateanaccurate,fairjob-titleforyourself.
Forexample:
A&SHauling&Cleaning(Self-employed)--or
HouseholdRepairman,Self-employed--or
Child-Care,Self-employed
Besuretoadd"Customerreferencesavailableonrequest"andthenbepreparedtoprovidesomeverygoodreferencesofpeopleyouworkedfor.
15.HowfarbackshouldyougoinyourWorkHistory?
Farenough;andnottoofar!About10or15yearsisusuallyenough-unlessyour"juiciest"workexperienceisfromfartherback.
16.Howcanastudentlistsummerjobs?
Studentscanmaketheirresumelookneaterbylistingseasonaljobsverysimply,suchas"Spring1996"or"Summer1996"ratherthan6/96to9/96.(Theword"Spring"canbeinverytinyletters,say8-pointinsize.)
17.Whatifyoudon''''''''tquitehaveyourdegreeorcredentialsyet?
Youcansaysomethinglike:
EligibleforU.S.credentials--or
GraduatestudiesinInstructionalDesign,inprogress--or
Master''''''''sDegreeanticipatedDecember1997
18.Whatifyouworkedforonlyoneemployerfor20or30years?
Thenlistseparatelyeachdifferentpositionyouheldthere,soyourjobprogressionwithinthecompanyismoreobvious.
19.Whataboutlistinghobbiesandinterests?
Don''''''''tincludehobbiesonaresumeunlesstheactivityissomehowrelevanttoyourjobobjective,orclearlyrevealsacharacteristicthatsupportsyourjobobjective.Forexample,ahobbyofSkyDiving(adventure,courage)mightseemrelevanttosomejobobjectives(SecurityGuard?)butnottoothers.
20.Whataboutrevealingraceorreligion?
Don''''''''tincludeethnicorreligiousaffiliations(invitingpre-interviewdiscrimination)UNLESSyoucanseethatincludingthemwillsupportyourjobobjective.Getanopinionfromarespectedfriendorcolleagueaboutwhentoreveal,andwhentoconceal,youraffiliations.
21.WhatifyournameisRobinWilliams?
Don''''''''tmystifythereaderaboutyourgender;they''''''''llgonutsuntiltheyknowwhetheryou''''''''remaleorfemale.SoifyournameisLeeorRobinorPatoranythingelsenotclearlymaleorfemale,useaMr.orMs.prefix.
22.Whatifyougotyourdegreefromadifferentcountry?
Youcansay"DegreeequivalenttoU.S.Bachelor''''''''sDegreeinEconomics-Teheran,Iran."
23.Whataboutfancy-schmancypaper?
EmployerstellmetheyHATEparchmentpaperandpretentiousbrochure-foldedresume"presentations."Theythinkthey''''''''rephony,andtossthemrightout.Useplainwhiteorivory,inaqualityappropriateforyourjobobjective.Neverusecoloredpaperunlessthere''''''''saverygoodreasonforit(like,you''''''''reanartist)becauseifitgetsphoto-copiedtheresultswillbemurky.
24.Shouldyoufoldyourresume?
Don''''''''tfoldalaser-printedresumerightalongalineoftext.The"ink"couldflakeoffalongthefold.
