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以色列总理拉宾994年接受诺贝尔和平奖时的演讲

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以色列总理拉宾994年接受诺贝尔和平奖时的演讲

1994年,阿拉法特与以色列总理拉宾、外长佩雷斯共同获得该年的诺贝尔和平奖

YourMajesties,

EsteemedChairmanandMembersoftheNorwegianNobelPrizeCommittee,

TheHonorablePrimeMinisterofNorway,

MyFellowLaureates,ChairmanArafatandtheForeignMinisterofIsraelShimonPeres,

DistinguishedGuests,

SinceIdon''''tbelievethattherewasanyprecedentthatonepersongottheNobelPrizetwice,allowmeonthisopportunitytoattachtothisprestigiousaward,apersonaltouch.

AtanagewhenmostyoungstersarestrugglingtounravelthesecretsofmathematicsandthemysteriesoftheBible;atanagewhenfirstloveblooms;atthetenderageofsixteen,IwashandedariflesothatIcoulddefendmyself.

Thatwasnotmydream.Iwantedtobeawaterengineer.IstudiedinanagriculturalschoolandIthoughtbeingawaterengineerwasanimportantprofessionintheparchedMiddleEast.Istillthinksotoday.However,Iwascompelledtoresorttothegun.

Iservedinthemilitaryfordecades.Undermyresponsibility,youngmenandwomenwhowantedtolive,wantedtolove,wenttotheirdeathsinstead.Theyfellinthedefenseofourlives.

LadiesandGentlemen,

Inmycurrentposition,IhaveampleopportunitytoflyovertheStateofIsrael,andlatelyoverotherpartsoftheMiddleEastaswell.Theviewfromtheplaneisbreathtaking;deep-blueseasandlakes,dark-greenfields,dune-coloreddeserts,stone-graymountains,andtheentirecountrysidepepperedwithwhite-washed,red-roofedhouses.

Andalsocemeteries.Gravesasfarastheeyecansee.

Hundredsofcemeteriesinourpartoftheworld,intheMiddleEast——inourhomeinIsrael,butalsoinEgypt,inSyria,Jordan,Lebanon.Fromtheplane''''swindow,fromthethousandsoffeetabovethem,thecountlesstombstonesaresilent.ButthesoundoftheiroutcryhascarriedfromtheMiddleEastthroughouttheworldfordecades.

Standingheretoday,Iwishtosaluteourlovedones——andpastfoes.Iwishtosaluteallofthem——thefallenofallthecountriesinallthewars;themembersoftheirfamilieswhobeartheenduringburdenofbereavement;thedisabledwhosescarswillneverheal.Tonight,Iwishtopaytributetoeachandeveryoneofthem,forthisimportantprizeistheirs.

LadiesandGentlemen,

Iwasayoungmanwhohasnowgrownfullyinyears.InHebrew,wesay,''''Na''''arhayiti,ve-gamzakanti''''[Iwasayoungman,whohasgrownfullyinyears].AndofallthememoriesIhavestoredupinmyseventy-twoyears,whatIshallremembermost,tomylastday,arethesilences:Theheavysilenceofthemomentafter,andtheterrifyingsilenceofthemomentbefore.

Asamilitaryman,asacommander,asaministerofdefense,Iorderedtocarryoutmanymilitaryoperations.Andtogetherwiththejoyofvictoryandthegriefofbereavement,Ishallalwaysrememberthemomentjustaftertakingsuchdecisions:thehushasseniorofficersorcabinetministersslowlyrisefromtheirseats;thesightoftheirrecedingbacks;thesoundoftheclosingdoor;andthenthesilenceinwhichIremainalone.

Thatisthemomentyougraspthatasaresultofthedecisionjustmade,peoplemightgototheirdeaths.Peoplefrommynation,peoplefromothernations.Andtheystilldon''''tknowit.

Atthathour,theyarestilllaughingandweeping;stillweavingplansanddreamingaboutlove;stillmusingaboutplantingagardenorbuildingahouse——andtheyhavenoideathesearetheirlasthoursonearth.Whichofthemisfatedtodie?Whosepicturewillappearintheblackframeintomorrow''''snewspaper?Whosemotherwillsoonbeinmourning?Whoseworldwillcrumbleundertheweightoftheloss?

Asaformermilitaryman,Iwillalsoforeverrememberthesilenceofthemomentbefore:thehushwhenthehandsoftheclockseemtobespinningforward,whentimeisrunningoutandinanotherhour,anotherminute,theinfernowillerupt.

Inthatmomentofgreattensionjustbeforethefingerpullsthetrigger,justbeforethefusebeginstoburn;intheterriblequietofthemoment,thereisstilltimetowonder,towonderalone:Isitreallyimperativetoact?Istherenootherchoice?Nootherway?

''''Godtakespityonkindergartners,''''wrotethepoetYehudahAmichai,whoisherewithusthisevening——andIquotehis:

''''Godtakespityonkindergartners,

Lesssoontheschoolchildren,

Andwillnolongerpitytheirelders,

Leavingthemtotheirown,

Andsometimestheywillhavetocrawlonallfours,

Throughtheburningsand,

Toreachthecasualtystation,

Bleeding.''''

Fordecades,GodhasnottakenpityonthekindergartnersintheMiddleEast,ortheschoolchildren,ortheirelders.TherehasbeennopityintheMiddleEastforgenerations.

LadiesandGentlemen,

Iwasayoungmanwhohasnowgrownfullyinyears.AndofallthememoriesIhavestoredupinmyseventy-twoyears,Inowrecallthehopes.

Ourpeoplehavechosenustogivethemlife.Terribleasitistosay,theirlivesareinourhands.Tonight,theireyesareuponusandtheirheartsareasking:Howisthepowervestedinthesemenandwomenbeingused?Whatwilltheydecide?Intowhatkindofmorningwillwerisetomorrow?Adayofpeace?Ofwar?Oflaughter?Oftears?

Achildisborninanutterlyundemocraticway.Hecannotchoosehisfatherandmother.Hecannotpickhissexorcolor,hisreligion,nationalityorhomeland.Whetherheisborninamanororamanger,whetherhelivesunderadespoticordemocraticregimeisnothischoice.Fromthemomenthecomes,close-fisted,intotheworld,hisfate——toalargeextent——isdecidedbyhisnation''''sleaders.Itistheywhowilldecidewhetherhelivesincomfortorindespair,insecurityorinfear.Hisfateisgiventoustoresolve——tothegovernmentsofcountries,democraticorotherwise.

LadiesandGentlemen,

Justasnotwofingerprintsareidentical,sonotwopeoplearealike,andeverycountryhasitsownlawsandculture,traditionsandleaders.Butthereisoneuniversalmessagewhichcanembracetheentireworld,onepreceptwhichcanbecommontodifferentregimes,toraceswhichbearnoresemblance,toculturesthatarealientoeachother.

ItisamessagewhichtheJewishpeoplehascarriedforthousandsofyears,themessagefoundintheBookofBooks:''''Ve''''nishmartemme''''odl''''nafshoteichem''''——''''Thereforetakegoodheedofyourselves''''——or,incontemporaryterms,themessageofthesanctityoflife.

Theleadersofnationsmustprovidetheirpeopleswiththeconditions——theinfrastructure,ifyouwill——whichenablesthemtoenjoylife:freedomofspeechandmovement;foodandshelter;andmostimportantofall:lifeitself.Amancannotenjoyhisrightsifheisnotalive.Andsoeverycountrymustprotectandpreservethekeyelementinitsnationalethos:thelivesofitscitizens.

Onlytodefendthoselives,wecancalluponourcitizenstoenlistinthearmy.Andtodefendthelivesofourcitizensservinginthearmy,weinvesthugesumsinplanesandtanks,andothermeans.Yetdespiteitall,wefailtoprotectthelivesofourcitizensandsoldiers.Militarycemeteriesineverycorneroftheworldaresilenttestimonytothefailureofnationalleaderstosanctifyhumanlife.

Thereisonlyoneradicalmeansforsanctifyinghumanlife.Theoneradicalsolutionisarealpeace.

LadiesandGentlemen,

Theprofessionofsoldieringembracesacertainparadox.Wetakethebestandthebravestofouryoungmenintothearmy.Wesupplythemwithequipmentwhichcostsavirtualfortune.Werigorouslytrainthemforthedaywhentheymustdotheirduty——andweexpectthemtodoitwell.Yetweferventlypraythatthatdaywillnevercome——thattheplaneswillnevertakeoff,thetankswillnevermoveforward,thesoldierswillnevermounttheattacksforwhichtheyhavebeentrainedsowell.

Wepraythatitwillneverhappen,becauseofthesanctityoflife.

Historyasawhole,andmodernhistoryinparticular,hasknownharrowingtimeswhennationalleadersturnedtheircitizensintocannonfodderinthenameofwickeddoctrines:viciousFascism,terribleNazism.Picturesofchildrenmarchingtoslaughter,photosofterrifiedwomenatthegatesofthecrematoriamustloombeforetheeyesofeveryleaderinourgeneration,andthegenerationstocome.Theymustserveasawarningtoallwhowieldpower.

Almostallregimeswhichdidnotplacethesanctityoflifeattheheartoftheirworldview,allthoseregimeshavecollapsedandarenomore.Youcanseeitforyourselvesinourowntime.

Yetthisisnotthewholepicture.Topreservethesanctityoflife,wemustsometimesriskit.Sometimesthereisnootherwaytodefendourcitizensthantofightfortheirlives,fortheirsafetyandfreedom.Thisisthecreedofeverydemocraticstate.

IntheStateofIsrael,fromwhichIcometoday;intheIsraelDefenseForces,whichIhavehadtheprivilegetoserve,wehavealwaysviewedthesanctityoflifeasasupremevalue.Wehavenevergonetowarunlessawarwasforcedonus.

ThehistoryoftheStateofIsrael,theannalsoftheIsraelDefenseForces,arefilledwiththousandsofstoriesofsoldierswhosacrificedthemselves——whodiedwhiletryingtosavewoundedcomrades;whogavetheirlivestoavoidcausingharmtoinnocentpeopleontheirenemy''''sside.

Inthecomingdays,aspecialcommissionoftheIsraelDefenseForceswillfinishdraftingaCodeofConductforoursoldiers.Theformulationregardinghumanlifewillreadasfollows,andIquote:

''''Inrecognitionofitssupremeimportance,thesoldierwillpreservehumanlifeineverywaypossibleandendangerhimself,orothers,onlytotheextentdeemednecessarytofulfillthismission.''''Thesanctityoflife,inthepointofviewofthesoldiersoftheIsraelDefenseForces,willfindexpressioninalltheiractions.''''

Formanyyearsahead——evenifwarscometoanend,afterpeacecomestoourland——thesewordswillremainapillaroffirewhichgoesbeforeourcamp,aguidinglightforourpeople.Andwetakeprideinthat.

LadiesandGentlemen,

Weareinthemidstofbuildingthepeace.Thearchitectsandtheengineersofthisenterpriseareengagedintheirworkevenaswegatherheretonight,buildingthepeace,layerbylayer,brickbybrick.Thejobisdifficult,complex,trying.Mistakescouldtopplethewholestructureandbringdisasterdownuponus.

Andsowearedeterminedtodothejobwell——despitethetollofmurderousterrorism,despitethefanaticandcruelenemiesofpeace.

Wewillpursuethecourseofpeacewithdeterminationandfortitude.Wewillnotletup.Wewillnotgivein.Peacewilltriumphoverallitsenemies,becausethealternativeisgrimmerforusall.Andwewillprevail.

Wewillprevailbecauseweregardthebuildingofpeaceasagreatblessingforus,forourchildrenafterus.Weregarditasablessingforourneighborsonallsides,andforourpartnersinthisenterprise——theUnitedStates,Russia,Norway——whichdidsomuchtobringtheagreementthatwassignedhere,lateroninWashington,lateroninCairo,thatwroteabeginningofthesolutiontothelongestandmostdifficultpartoftheArab-Israeliconflict:thePalestinian-Israelione.Wethankotherswhohavecontributedtoit,too.

Wewakeupeverymorning,now,asdifferentpeople.Peaceispossible.Weseethehopeinourchildren''''seyes.Weseethelightinoursoldiers''''faces,inthestreets,inthebuses,inthefields.Wemustnotletthemdown.Wewillnotletthemdown.

Istandherenotalonetoday,onthissmallrostruminOslo.IamheretospeakinthenameofgenerationsofIsraelisandJews,oftheshepherdsofIsrael——andyouknowthatKingDavidwasashepherd;hestartedtobuildJerusalemabout3,000yearsago——theherdsmenanddressersofsycamoretrees,andastheProphetAmoswas;oftherebelsagainsttheestablishment,astheProphetJeremiahwas;andofmenwhowentdowntothesea,liketheProphetJonah.

Iamheretospeakinthenameofthepoetsandofthosewhodreamedofanendtowar,liketheProphetIsaiah.

IamalsoheretospeakinthenamesofsonsoftheJewishpeoplelikeAlbertEinsteinandBaruchSpinoza,likeMaimonides,SigmundFreudandFranzKafka.

AndIamtheemissaryofmillionswhoperishedintheHolocaust,amongwhomweresurelymanyEinsteinsandFreudswhowerelosttous,andtohumanity,intheflamesofthecrematoria.

IamhereastheemissaryofJerusalem,atwhosegatesIfoughtinthedaysofsiege;Jerusalemwhichhasalwaysbeen,andistoday,thepeople,whopraytowardJerusalemthreetimesaday.

AndIamalsotheemissaryofthechildrenwhodrewtheirvisionsofpeace;andoftheimmigrantsfromSt.PetersburgandAddisAbaba.

Istandheremainlyforthegenerationstocome,sothatwemayallbedeemedworthyofthemedalwhichyouhavebestowedonmeandmycolleaguestoday.

Istandhereastheemissarytoday——iftheywillallowme——ofourneighborswhowereourenemies.Istandhereastheemissaryofthesoaringhopesofapeoplewhichhasenduredtheworstthathistoryhastoofferandneverthelessmadeitsmark——notjustonthechroniclesoftheJewishpeoplebutonallmankind.

WithmeherearefivemillioncitizensofIsrael——Jews,Arabs,DruzeandCircassians——fivemillionheartsbeatingforpeace,andfivemillionpairsofeyeswhichlookatuswithsuchgreatexpectationsforpeace.

LadiesandGentlemen,

Iwishtothank,firstandforemost,thosecitizensoftheStateofIsrael,ofallthegenerations,ofallthepoliticalpersuasions,whosesacrificesandrelentlessstruggleforpeacebringussteadierclosertoourgoal.

Iwishtothankourpartners——theEgyptians,theJordanians,andthePalestinians,thatareledbytheChairmanofthePalestinianLiberationOrganization,Mr.YasserArafat,withwhomwesharethisNobelPrize——whohavechosenthepathofpeaceandarewritinganewpageintheannalsoftheMiddleEast.

IwishtothankthemembersoftheIsraeligovernment,butaboveallmypartnertheForeignMinister,Mr.ShimonPeres,whoseenergyanddevotiontothecauseofpeaceareanexampletousall.

IwishtothankmyfamilythatsupportedmeallthelongwaythatIhavepassed.

And,ofcourse,IwishtothanktheChairman,themembersoftheNobelPrizeCommitteeandthecourageousNorwegianpeopleforbestowingthisillustrioushonoronmycolleaguesandmyself.

LadiesandGentlemen,

AllowmetoclosebysharingwithyouatraditionalJewishblessingwhichhasbeenrecitedbymypeople,ingoodtimesandbadones,asatokenoftheirdeepestlonging:

''''TheLordwillgivestrengthtohispeople;theLordwillblesshispeople——andallofus——inpeace.''''

Thankyouverymuch.