背影练习题
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背影练习题范文第1篇
A.根据汉语提示填写单词。
1.He won a gold medal(奖牌) at the 2012 Summer Olympics.
2.I don't think it's fair(公平的) for her to do all the work.
3.Many students come to the front of the classroom to talk about their countries with pride(自豪).
4.Li Ming didn't come to school today.I suppose(猜测) he was ill in bed.
5.Young people are quickly influenced(影响) by new ideas.
B.用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空。每词限用一次，每空限填一词。
wise，especially，success，method，record
6.The players prepared so well that they realized their dream successfully.
7.Don't worry，Xiaodan!I can give you a good method to solve the problem.
8.The player kept the world record in the last Olympic Games.
9.It's a wise idea to give up smoking.
10.I don't like getting up early，especially in winter.
二、语法填空。
阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。
Albert Einstein was one of the most successful scientists in the 20th century.Once a __11__ man asked Albert Einstein what the secret of __12__ (succeed) was.The great scientist told him that the first secret of success was hard __13__.
A few days __14__(late)，the young man came to ask him the same question again.Einstein felt unhappy and got very __15__.
He didn't want to say anything，so he turned to write a few words on a __16__ of paper and handed it to the young man.The young man looked at the piece of paper.On it was __17__(write)：
A=Y+X+Z
“Could you please tell me what this means?”__18__ the young man.
“It's the answer you need.”explained the old scientist.“A means success，Y stands for hard work，X stands for good __19__ of doing things，and Z means that you should stop __20__(talk) now and get down to work.”
11.young 12.success 13.work 14.later
15.annoyed/angry 16.piece 17.written 18.asked
19.methods/ways 20.talking
三、完形填空。
Early in the morning，at noon，or in the evening in big cities and in the countryside，all across the United States，you can see Americans running.Men and women，__21__ and old are running.People run __22__—along the beaches of California，__23__ Central Park in New York，down quiet streets in small towns or at the gym.Some people even run in __24__ living rooms.
Running didn't use to be so popular.In the 1960s，runners were __25__ athletes and healthy strong people.In those days，when people saw a runner，they used __26__，“Hey，what's the hurry for?”Or they might say to __27__，“Is he crazy?”Women almost never __28__.If they did，they might hear a man shout，“If I __29__ you，can I keep you?” But today all these have __30__.Men and women of all __31__ enjoy running.
Doctors say many of the health problems in the United States __32__ these bad habits：eating too much，smoking cigarettes，and __33__ exercising enough.Doctors tell us，“Eat less，don't smoke，and exercise more.” Running is a good exercise __34__ it helps build strong hearts and lungs.It also helps most people __35__ weight.
( A )21.A.young B.small C.big D.little
( C )22.A.anywhere B.somewhere
C.everywhere D.nowhere
( B )23.A.by B.through
C.with D.on
( D )24.A.our B.your C.his D.their
( A )25.A.mostly B.hardly C.most D.never
( D )26.A.to asking B.to tell
C.to speak D.to ask
( B )27.A.them B.themselves
C.theirs D.they
( B )28.A.thought B.ran
C.said D.exercised
( A )29.A.catch B.take C.carry D.find
( A )30.A.changed B.stopped
C.worked D.done
( D )31.A.people B.cities C.villages D.ages
( A )32.A.come from B.look for
C.care for D.think of
( B )33.A.too B.not C.much D.little
( C )34.A.how B.where C.because D.until
( D )35.A.give B.increase
C.improve D.lose 四、阅读理解。
Yesterday afternoon，it was very hot.Mr. Green，with his family，decided to go swimming.There was a new and large swimming pool near their house.It was free for the first week.So they wanted to have a try there.When they got to the swimming pool，they were told to read the notice first.
Swimming Pool Rules & Regulation
*The swimming pool is open from 8：00 till 22：00.
*Wear a swimming suit before using the pool.
*Take a shower before entering the pool.
*Don't smoke in the whole area.
*Watch your children all the time while swimming.
*Don't move the sun chairs or umbrella without permission(允许).
*Diving(跳水) into the pool is not allowed.
*Stay away from the deep area if your swimming skills are not so good.
*People who have drunk，caught colds or who have skin diseases(疾病) can't enter the pool.
After reading the notice，the Greens were all very clear about what they should do and how they could keep themselves safe in the swimming pool.They enjoyed themselves there all the afternoon.
41.The Greens were told to __B__ first when they got to the pool.
A.go swimming B.read the notice
C.fill in the form D.buy the tickets
42.According to the rules，Mr. Greens should __A__ before entering the pool.
A.take a shower B.move to the sun chairs
C.smoke a lot D.send the children back
43.The rules tell the Greens NOT to __D__ when they swim in the pool.
A.watch the children all the time
B.wear a swimming suit
C.carry umbrellas with them
D.dive into the pool
44.From the passage，we know that __D__.
A.the swimming pool is open from 7：00 to 20：00
B.people can stay in the deep area if they can't swim
C.people who have skin diseases can enter the pool
D.the Greens family spent the whole afternoon in the pool
五、任务型阅读。(2012，宁波)
45.The first and greatest rule.Talking is not allowed，even including talking quietly during the music.
46.The musicians do not need your help，and your neighbours need silence.Learn to tap(轻敲) your fingers quietly on the chair—it's a good finger exercise.
47.Drinks and candies are not allowed.
48.Remember that you are representing your school，and you want to be on your best behavior.There are many eyes looking at you.
A.Do not embarrass your teacher nor your school.
B.No singing，tapping fingers or feet.
C.Please have nothing in your mouth，besides your teeth and tongue.
D.Do not talk.
45.__D__46.__B__47.__C__48.__A__
49.What's the best title for this material?__A__
A.The Rules of Concert Etiquette
B.The Rules of Hotel Etiquette
C.The Rules of Bank Etiquette
D.The Rules of Airport Etiquette
六、书面表达。(2014，东营)
假如你是某杂志社编辑Mr. Knowledgeable，根据中学生 Bob的来信内容，给他写封回信，帮助解决他所遇到的问题。字数80—100，开头已给出。
Dear Knowledgeable，
My problem is that I can't get on with my family.My parents always say “no” to my ideas without any reason.So I often quarrel(吵架) with them.Also，my brother is not very nice to me.He always refuses to let me watch my favourite TV show.Instead，he watches whatever he wants until late at night.I don't think this is fair.At home，I always feel lonely and nervous.Is that normal?What can I do?
Bob
Dear Bob，
It's normal to have these feelings.Why don't you talk about these feelings with your family?First，it's not right to quarrel with your parents.I don't think quarrelling can solve problems.You'd better have a talk with your parents.Tell them to have a discussion with you before saying “no” to your ideas.
背影练习题范文第2篇
Ⅰ. 听句子，选择正确的应答语。每个句子读一遍。(每小题1分，满分5分)
1. A. It’s white. B. It must be Jack’s. C. It’s my favorite.
2. A. It’s on the wall. B. It belongs to Mary. C. Peter took it.
3. A. I’m sorry. B. Don’t worry. C. You’re welcome.
4. A. He’s very friendly. B. He might be a driver. C. I don’t like him.
5. A. It’s about pets. B. It’s Ann’s. C. John.
Ⅱ.听短对话，选择正确的答案。每段对话读两遍。(每小题1分，满分5分)
6. Which animal can sleep with its eyes open?
A. Birds. B. Fish. C. Horses.
7. What does Millie love doing in the park?
A. Chatting. B. Flying kites. C. Dancing.
8. Where did the little cat hurt?
A. Its head hurt. B. One of its back legs hurt. C. One of its front legs hurt.
9. What does the man see in fact?
A. A UFO. B. A plane. C. A light.
10. How tall is Bao Xishun?
A. 2.63 m. B. 2.6 m. C. 2.36 m.
Ⅲ.听长对话，选择答案。每段对话读两遍。(每小题1分，满分5分)
听第一段对话，回答第11至12小题。
11.Where did the girl find the book?
A. Under Toby’s desk. B. Under her desk. C. In her drawer.
12.Why does Toby think the book is Sandy’s?
A. Because he bought it with Sandy.
B. Because Sandy lent it to him.
C. Because Sandy’s name is on it.
听第二段对话，回答第13至15小题。
13.Where did the boy probably leave his backpack?
A. In the classroom. B. At the gym. C. At the dining hall.
14.What’s the time now?
A. 5:30. B.6:30. C. 6:40.
15.What does Mom advise the boy to do?
A. To get his backpack back.
B. To give his teacher a call.
C. To do his homework later.
Ⅳ.听短文并填空。短文读两遍。(每小题1分，满分5分)
The Terracotta Army is one of the Eight Wonders of the world. These terracotta warriors and horses were 16 in Xi’an in 1974 by some local people. The warriors were buried to protect Qin Shihuang. They had different 17 , looks, and hairstyles. They had different 18 from 1.83 m to 1.95 m. They also had different weapons in their hands. The horses were about 1.7 meters high and 2 meters long. More than 700,000 workers made the warriors and horses. They showed the high 19 of the workers and the power of Qin Shihuang. 20 people have been there to see the warriors and horses.二、笔试部分(满分80分)
Ⅰ.单项填空(每小题1分，满分15分)
21.—Why did Miss Wang look so worried?
—Because she wondered .
A. where did the other students go
B. when would the policeman come
C. what her students have done during the trip
D. if her students had survived the earthquake
22.The cleaners have to rubbish to keep our city clean.
A. turn up B. pick up C. fix up D. give up
23.—Whose volleyball is this?
—It must belong to .
A. Bob B. he C. she D. Carla’s
24.—Must I finish my homework now?
—No，you .You may have a rest first.
A. mustn’t B. can’t C. may not D. needn’t
25.When Tony heard the good news，he was too excited .
A. speak B. speaks C. to speak D. working
26.The children had great fun the kites.
A. fly B. to fly C. flew D. flying
27.I have work to do，and I am tired.
A. much too;too much B. too much;much too
C. too much;too much D. much too;much too
28.I have to show you.
A. different something B. something different
C. anything different D. different anything
29.Remember off the light and don’t forget the door when you leave the room.
A. to turn;to close B. to turn;closing
C. turning;to close D. turning;closing
30.I didn’t go to the party not the weather，but I didn’t feel well.
A. because of;because B. because;because of
C. because;because D. because of;because of
31. All the students are talking and laughing in the classroom and it’s .
A. noisy B. lonely C. quiet D. strict
32.The man was so exhausted that he fell at once.
A. sleepy B. sleep C. sleeping D. asleep
33.—Is that girl Susan?
—It be her. She left for Beijing yesterday.
A. needn’t B. can’t C. mustn’t D. may not
34. It seems that the aged people the H7N9 more easily from the recent cases.
A. pick up B.mix up C. set up D. use up
35. In spring, the park with travellers.
A. crowds B. crowded C. is crowded D. crowding
Ⅱ.完形填空(每小题1分,满分10分)
Mr. and Mrs. Green were very worried about their son, Leo. He seemed to be dumb (哑的) 36 he was normal in every other way. Mr. and Mrs. Green tried everything to get him to 37 ,but with no success.
When Leo was six years old, the best doctors in the town 38 him carefully, but could find nothing wrong. And he seemed to be smart. It was just that he 39 spoke.
“There might be something wrong with his 40 ,and he doesn’t know he’s able to speak,” one doctor said.
“But he can read and write,” said Mr. Green.“We’ve written him notes, telling him that he can speak.”
“It’s certainly very 41 ,”another doctor said.“Perhaps he’ll be able to speak some day.”
42 passed. Leo went to university. But he did not speak a 43 word.
Then one day, Leo was having a meal with his parents. Without any warning, he looked up from his 44 and said, “Pass me the salt, please.”
Mr. and Mrs. Green were excited.“You spoke! You spoke!”they cried.“Why have you 45 so long to speak?”
“I didn’t have anything to say,” he said.“Until now everything was perfect. But you forgot to put salt in these potatoes.”
36. A. because B. when C. though D. before
37. A. speak B. walk C. play D. laugh
38. A. taught B. found C. examined D. asked
39. A. never B. often C. usually D. always
40. A. back B. hair C. face D. mind
41. A. unfair B. strange C. noisy D. quiet
42. A. Hours B. Weeks C. Months D. Years
43. A. good B. right C. single D. new
44. A. chair B. meal C. hands D. books
45. A. slept B. walked C. served D. waitedⅢ.阅读理解(每小题2分,满分20分)
A
Sam was a fifteen-year-old boy living with his little sister, Julie. Their parents had passed away long ago. Sam had taken care of Julie by himself.
One day, Sam woke up at three in the morning as usual. When Julie was sleeping alone, Sam left their little house to send newspapers. When he found an old man sitting in front of their house, Sam was so surprised that he stopped to look at him closely. It was an icy morning and he looked very cold.
The poor old man didn’t have anything to cover himself with. Sam went into his house to get the old man a blanket(毯子). However, there were no extra blankets, so Sam thought hard and took his father’s coat. It was the only thing of his father’s that he had left. Sam wrote a short note.“Sir, I found you sleeping in front of my house. This is my father’s coat. I hope it fits you well.”He put the note in a pocket of the coat, and covered the old man with the coat. Then he went to work. When he came back three hours later, both the man and the coat were gone. Sam thought that it was the best thing he could have done with his father’s coat.
That afternoon, Sam hurried home after school because Julie was at home alone. However, Julie and the old man were standing in front of the house, and Julie shouted to Sam, “Brother! He’s our grandfather!”
The grandfather smiled and said, “Sam, thank you for giving me the coat and letting me know how good my grandson is. This coat was the one that I gave my son a long time ago!”
46.How was the weather when Sam saw an old man in front of his house?.
A. Hot and sunny. B. Rainy. C. Icy and cold. D. Windy.
47.Sam’s morning job was to .
A. take care of his sister B. go to school
C. send newspapers D. look for his grandfather
48.“Their parents passed away long ago.” means “Their parents long ago.”
A. died B. went on
C. left home D. passed by
49.Sam covered the old man with his father’s coat because .
A. his father’s coat fitted the old man well
B. the coat was the only thing that his father had left
C. he knew the old man was his grandfather then
D. he had no extra blanket
50.What is the story mainly about?
A. Father’s coat was missing.
B. Sam found his grandfather through an act of kindness.
C. An old man was too cold to live on.
D. Sam took care of his sister by himself.
B
Many people say that they are working too many hours. They don’t have enough time to relax or to stay with their family.
Work hours are different from one country to another. In France, people spend about 1,646 hours a year at work .In Japan, however, people work about 2,159 hours a year. That means a Japanese worker works 513 more hours a year than a French worker.
Why do people work so many hours? Some people work extra hours because they want to make more money. However, many companies don’t pay overtime. Their workers don’t get more pay for more work. Some people think it’s their duty to work more hours. Some are afraid of losing their jobs if they don’t work more hours.
Many people say that their vacations are too short. In France, people get five weeks of paid vacation a year. In Germany, they get four to six weeks, and in the United States, two weeks. One study shows fewer than half of workers used all their vacation days. In Great Britain, there is a saying,“All work and no play makes Jack a dull (迟钝的) boy.”If that is true, there must be a lot of dull people in the world.
51.A Japanese worker works more hours a year than a French one.
A. 513 B. 1,646 C. 2,159 D. 3,805
52.The word “extra” in Paragraph 3 means “ ”.
A. 正常的 B. 额外的 C. 有用的 D. 少量的
53.People in get only two weeks of paid vacation a year.
A. France B. Germany C. the United States D. Great Britain
54.Which of the following is true according to the passage?
A. No companies offer vacations to their workers.
B. Many people say they have enough time to relax.
C. Not all companies pay their workers for more work.
D. More than half of workers use all their vacation days.
55.What can we infer from the passage?
A. Many workers have to work long hours.
B. Many people have vacations long enough.
C. Work hours are the same around the world.
D. There are a lot of dull people in the world.IV.任务型阅读(每小题2分，满分10分)
阅读下面短文，按要求完成各小题。
Confidence is very important in daily life. It can help you to develop a healthy attitude(态度). A study shows that the people who are more confident are much happier. They can have more chances to make themselves successful. But how to be more confident? Here are some suggestions：
•By speaking aloud
When you are not confident，you can’t do well what you want to do. You speak in a voice so low that other people can hardly hear you. Try to speak loud enough so that people can hear you clearly. The high voice can help you become more confident.
•By playing sports
Physical exercise makes you tired but completely relaxed.[58]A strong body helps you be full of confidence.
•By encouraging yourself
Write down a list of things you did during the day to see how many things you have done well. Did you finish your homework?Did you tell a joke that made everybody laugh?Give yourself praise for the good things you’ve done.
•By getting rid of(消除)fear
Fear comes along with failure. But it’s easy to overcome(克服)if you know that failure is part of your life. Try to start again and believe you can do better.
•By picking up a hobby
If you like singing，sing as much as you can.[59]In some ways，a hobby can make you outstanding. And it will make you happy and confident.
A.根据短文内容简要回答问题。
56.How many suggestions can help you to be more confident?
57.How can you encourage yourself?
B.将短文中画线的句子译成汉语。
58.
59.
C.请给短文拟一个适当的标题。
60.
Ⅴ.补全对话(每小题2分，满分10分)
根据对话内容，从方框中选择适当的句子填入空白处，使对话完整。(有两项多余)
A: Hello, Jim! Have you seen Eric?
B: No, I haven’t. What’s up?
A: I have found a yellow jacket on the playground. 61 .
B: It can’t be his. The jacket is much too small for him.
A: 62 . I saw him on the playground just now.
B: But Tony’s jacket is black.
A: 63 .
B: Let me have a look. Oh, it must be John’s.
A: 64 .
B: Look! I found this student ID card in one of the pockets.
A: 65 . Let’s go and give it to him.
B: OK. He must be in the library. Let’s go.
Ⅵ.书面表达(满分15分)
假如你是你们班的英语课代表，在一次分发试卷的时候发现了一份没有署名的试卷，成绩为满分。请分析一下会是谁呢?
要求：1.设想一下班内同学的情况，适当扩展细节。
2.书写工整，100词左右。
参考词汇：full?mark 满分的 handwriting 书写听力材料
Ⅰ. 听句子，选择正确的应答语。每个句子读一遍。
1.Whose T-shirt is this?
2.Where is the photo?
3.Thanks a lot for your help.
4.What do you think Mr. Smith is?
5.Who is the owner of that book?
Ⅱ. 听短对话，选择正确的答案。每段对话读两遍。
6. W:Can birds sleep with their eyes open?
M:No, they can’t. But fish can. They have no eyelids.
7. M:Millie, where did you go last weekend?
W:I went to the park with my cousin Amy. We love chatting there.
8. M:Why did the little cat sound like a ghost?
W:It hurt one of its front legs, so when it miaowed, it made a strange noise.
9. M:Hey!Wendy.Look at the UFO. It’s moving and it has a bright light.
W:It’s not a UFO at all. It is only a plane.
10. M:Wow, what a tall man Bao Xishun is!
W:Yes,he is 2.36 meters tall and perhaps he is the tallest man in the world now.
Ⅲ.听长对话，选择答案。每段对话读两遍。
听第一段对话，回答第11至12小题。
W:Hey, Toby ,is this your English book?
M:No, it isn’t. Mine is in my drawer.
W:I found the book under your desk. I thought it’s yours.
M:It’s Sandy’s. Look! She wrote her name on the cover.
W:Oh, yes.
听第二段对话，回答第13至15小题。
M:Mom,I think I lost my backpack.
W:When did you find it was lost?
M:Just now when I was going to do my homework.
W:Where did you go before you came home?
M:I left the classroom, and then played badminton at the gym with Peter.
W:You must leave it at the gym.
M:Probably. But the gym usually closes at 5:30 pm. It’s already 6:40 now.
W:You have to get it tomorrow.
M:But I have to hand in my math homework tomorrow.
W:You’d better give your teacher a call and tell him about it.
M:OK.That’s the only way.
Ⅳ. 听短文并填空。短文读两遍。
The Terracotta Army is one of the Eight Wonders of the world. These terracotta warriors and horses were discovered in Xi’an in 1974 by some local people. The warriors were buried to protect Qin Shihuang. They had different clothes, looks and hairstyles. They had different heights from 1.83 meters to 1.95 meters. They also had different weapons in their hands. The horses were about 1.7 meters high and 2 meters long. More than 700,000 workers made the warriors and horses. They showed the high skill of the workers and the power of Qin Shihuang. Millions of people have been there to see the warriors and horses参考答案:
1~5 BACBC
6~10 BACBC
11～15 ACBCB
16.discovered 17.clothes 18.heights 19.skill 20.Millions of
21.D 宾语从句的时态通常与主句时态保持一致，故可排除C项;宾语从句应用陈述语序，故选D。
22.B turn up“调大”;pick up“捡起”;fix up“修理”;give up“放弃”。句意：清洁工人必须捡起垃圾来保持城市清洁。由句意可知只有B项符合语境，故选B。
23.A belong to sb.“属于某人”;to为介词，sb.为代词时，应用其宾格形式。故选A。
24.D 以must提问的一般疑问句，肯定回答用must(必须)，否定回答用needn’t或don’t/doesn’t have to(不必)。故选D。
25.C too...to...“太……而不能……”，to后接动词原形。
26.D have fun (in) doing sth.“做某事很开心”，为固定搭配。
27.B too much修饰不可数名词，much too修饰形容词或副词。work为不可数名词，用too much修饰;tired为形容词，用much too修饰。故选B。
28.B 形容词修饰不定代词时应置于其后，故排除A、D两项;又因本句为肯定句，应用something而不是anything，故选B。X K b1 .C o m
29.A remember/forget to do sth.“记得/忘记去做某事”，事情未做;remember/forget doing sth.“记得/忘记做了某事”，事情已做。由句意“在你离开房间时，记得关灯，别忘了关门”。“关灯”“关门”都未做，故选A。
30.A because of后跟名词(短语);而because后跟句子。the weather为名词，其前应用because of;I didn’t feel well为句子，其前应用because。故选A。
31. A noisy“吵闹的”;lonely“孤独的”;quiet“安静的”;strict“严格的”。由题干中的“talking and laughing”可知，此处选noisy符合语境。句意：所有的学生在教室里有说有笑，很吵闹。故选A。
32. D fall asleep“入睡”，是固定短语。
33. B needn’t “不必”，can’t“不可能”，mustn’t“禁止”， may not“可能不”。由答语后句句意“昨天她动身去了北京”可知那个女孩不可能是Susan。故选B。
34. A pick up“捡起;感染”;mix up“混合”;set up“建立”;use up“用光”。句意：从最近的案例来看，好像年纪大的人更容易感染H7N9。故选A。
35. C 句意：春天，公园里挤满了游客。be crowded with“被……挤满”，是固定短语。
36.C 由前句句意“他看起来好像是哑的”和后句句意“他在其他各个方面都正常”可知，选C。though意为“尽管”，在此处引导让步状语从句。
37.A 结合上文可知，此处句意应为“格林夫妇想尽一切办法让他说话，但是没有成功”。speak“说话”;walk“行走，散步”;play“玩，打(球)”;laugh“笑”，故选A。
38.C teach“教”;find“发现”;examine“检查”;ask“问”。结合句中的doctors(医生)可知本句句意应为“当Leo六岁的时候，镇上的医生对他进行了仔细检查……”。故选C。
39.A 结合上文Leo一直未说话可知，此处句意应为“只是他从未说话”。never“从不”;often“经常”;usually“通常”;always“一直”。故选A。
40.D 由下文的“他不知道他会说话”可知，此处句意应为“他的大脑可能有问题……”。back“后背”;hair“头发”;face“脸”;mind“大脑”。故选D。
41.B 由上文格林先生的话“但是他会读和写，” “我们给他写过便条，告诉他他会说话”可知，此处句意应为“这当然很奇怪……”。unfair“不公平的”;strange“奇怪的”;noisy“嘈杂的”;quiet“安静的”。故选B。
42.D 由下文“Leo上了大学”可知此处句意应为“几年过去了”。故选D。
43.C good“好的”;right“正确的”;single“单个的”;new“新的”。结合英语提示可知此处句意应为“但他从未说过一个字”。故选C。
44.B 由上文“Then one day, Leo was having a meal with his parents.”可知此处句意应为“没有任何预兆，他的目光从饭上移开抬起头说……”，故选B。
45.D 由李奥多年未说话可知格林夫妇此时的疑问是“为什么你等了这么长时间才说话?” sleep“睡觉”;walk“行走，散步”;serve“服务”;wait“等待”。故选D。
背影练习题范文第3篇
( )1. Usually, it’s easier to make decision than to take action.
A. a; an B./; an C./;/ D. a;/
( )2. In Western countries, women are always dressed white their wedding day, because white is the colour of purity.
A. on; on B. in; in C. on; in D. in; on
( )3. Wearing blue clothes can make _______ easier to feel less stressed. I will wear a blue T-shirt today.
A. that B. me C. it D. myself
( )4. — Do you think Andy can be a good policeman?
— Yes, I think so. He has the ability to stay when something dangerous happens.
A. calm B. excited C. afraid D. nervous
( )5. It’s believed that our moods are sometimes by colours. Many scientists are doing some research (研究) on this subject.
A. required B. chosen C. influenced D. explained
( )6. — Shall we watch Japanese cartoons?
— Japanese cartoons are not my cup of tea. I watch talk shows.
A. would like B. would better C. would rather D. should rather
( )7. — Why not join them in their party?
— Well, I am not invited. And I to go to the cinema.
A. prefer B. discover C. wish D. require
( )8. I can’t stop if Tom will show up at the party. We will be happy if he can come.
A. hoping B. wishing C. believing D. wondering
( )9. — What does the sentence “If you were the earth, I would rather the moon than the sun” mean?
— It means “I would like to move around you”. How sweet it sounds!
A. be B. to be C. being D. to being
( )10. — It seems that Jimmy is feeling bad about the exam.
— He needs to . A “C” is not the end of the world.
A. cheer himself up B. calm himself downC. let himself down D. warm himself up
( )11. You never know how much difficulty we had the problem. Luckily, we managed to solve it with Mrs Wu’s help.
A. working out B. work out C. worked out D. to work out
( )12. — Do you think I should wear an orange shirt today?
— Yes. orange can bring you good luck, it is good for your interview.
A. Though B. As C. But D. While
( )13. — The match is so exciting. The opposite team is really strong.
— You’re right. But I am sure our team will win!
A. if B. that C. whether D. why
( )14. — Will you buy this tie for Dad?
— I have no idea. I don’t know or not the colour matches his new shirt.
A. if B. that C. why D. whether
( )15. — I prefer western food. It’s delicious and good for us.
— ? But western food is said to be high in sugar and fat.
A. Is that right B. How do you know that
C. Do you really think so D. Who told you that
( )16. As I realized how bad the situations were, terrible feeling of fear came over me. But when I heard Mum’s warm words, feeling was gone at once.
A. a; the B. the; a C. an; the D. a; a
( )17. — You really had a long conversation with James.
— I just listened to him singing the . He lost his job again.
A. yellows B. whites C. blacks D. blues
( )18. — Can you help me repair the computer? It doesn’t work properly.
— I wish I could. But I am a .
A. green hand B. white elephant C. yellow dog D. black sheep
( )19. Tom is from Hong Kong. Sometimes I have some difficulty what he says.
A. understand B. to understand C. understanding D. to understanding
( )20. — How would you like your coffee, sir?
— .
A. Very much B. Black, please C. No, thanks D. Yes, I do二. 完形填空(共20小题，每小题1.5分;满分30分)
A
Colours often have different meanings in different cultures. In the USA, people have found the following to be 21 .
Black is the colour of power. It is also 22 in fashion because it makes people appear 23 .
White is the 24 of purity. White is thought to be a 25 colour. However, white shows dirt and is more difficult to 26 clean than other colours.
Blue is the colour of the sky and the 27 .
Peaceful blue is often used in bedrooms. Studies show that weightlifters (举重运动员) are able to 28 heavier weights in blue gyms.
Green represents 29 . It is good for our eyes. Hospitals often use green because it 30 patients and keep them peaceful.
( )21. A. false B. wrong C. bad D. true
( )22. A. unpopular B. popular C. inactive D. similar
( )23. A. thinner B. fatter C. shorter D. heavier
( )24. A. success B. system C. symbol D. survey
( )25. A. spring B. summer C. autumn D. winter
( )26. A. look B. seem C. feel D. keep
( )27. A. ocean B. woods C. mountain D. grass
( )28. A. lose B. watch C. lift D. control
( )29. A. love B. sadness C. joy D. nature
( )30. A. excites B. relaxes C. interests D. surprises
B
One day, some people set out to sea by ship. One of 31 took his pet monkey with him. 32 they were far out at sea, their ship was broken for some reasons and everyone fell into the sea, including the monkey. The monkey was sure that he would 33 his life because he couldn’t swim. Suddenly a dolphin came and put him on her back. They soon got to an island and then the monkey 34 down from the dolphin’s back.
The dolphin asked the monkey, “Do you know this 35 ?”
The monkey answered, “Yes, I do. The king of this island is my father. Do you know that I am a prince?”
36 that no one lived on the island, the dolphin said, “Well, you 37 be a prince, but now you can be a king!”
The monkey then asked, “ 38 can I be a king?”
The 39 smiled and answered, “That’s 40 . As you are the only creature (生物) on this island, you will naturally be the king!” And then she swam away, leaving the monkey alone.
The story tells us that those who lie (撒谎) may end up in trouble.
( )31. A. you B. them C. us D. themselves
( )32. A. Unless B. If C. Until D. When
( )33. A. lose B. save C. change D. drop
( )34. A. pushed B. turned C. jumped D. climbed
( )35. A. accident B. place C. movie D. experience
( )36. A. Forgetting B. Fearing C. Knowing D. Hearing
( )37. A. wouldn’t B. needn’t C. may D. could
( )38. A. How B. Which C. When D. Why
( )39. A. monkey B. prince C. king D. dolphin
( )40. A. difficult B. impossibleC. easy D. helpful三. 补全对话(共5小题;每小题1分，满分5分)
根据对话内容，从方框内的选项中选出能填入空白处的选项，其中有两个为多余选项。
A: Jenny, I am going to a birthday party tonight, but I don’t know what to wear.
B: How about the orange T-shirt? 41. It can make you happy.
A: That’s a good idea. 42.
B: Perhaps you should wear your white jeans. White is a calm colour. 43. Everyone wants to relax in the party.
A: You are right. 44. What colour should I choose?
B: Why don’t you wear a blue hat? 45.
A: Thank you. I believe I will have a good time at the party.
A. It makes people feel calm and peaceful.
B. Orange is the colour of joy.
C. And I need a hat, too.
D. What do you think about it?
E. I’m not sure about it, either.
F. I think you will look more beautiful.
G. But what should I wear to match the orange T-shirt?
四. 阅读理解(共20小题;每小题2分，满分40分)
A
Survey: What were you scared of when you were a kid?
I was scared of spiders but I didn’t let my friends know because all of them liked catching these spiders. I was terrified but I just acted cool.
— Buding, still afraid of spiders
I was scared of the dark because I didn’t know if there was something scary inside the room. As a result, I always liked sleeping with my back facing the wall because it made me a little comfortable.
— Gerard, not so afraid of the dark anymore, but still sleeps with his back facing the wall
Strange as it probably sounds, I was scared of shadows (影子). Not the shadows themselves, but what they formed (形成). Because I was near-sighted (近视的), the shadows I saw formed into the scariest things I saw in my mind.
— Jean, no longer afraid of shadows
I was afraid of the old woman who lived alone right in front of us. Very large trees covered the front part of her small house. The few times I saw the old woman, it scared me because she looked like a witch
(女巫). Once I was playing volleyball with my friends and the ball flew into her house. We all ran home quickly and decided that it was okay to lose the ball instead of seeing her come out of the house.
— Mac, who has already moved to a different house
( )46. Buding used to be afraid of .
A. the dark B. spiders
C. shadows D. an old woman
( )47. Gerard sleeps .
A. with the light on
B. with his parents
C. with the window open
D. with his back facing the wall
( )48. There is something wrong with Jean’s .
A. legs B. back
C. eyes D. feet
( )49. The old woman lived in a small house .
A. by herself B. with her daughter
C. with her husband D. with her grandmother
( )50. After the volleyball flew into the woman’s house, Mac and his friends .
A. ran home quickly
B. asked her for it
C. broke into her house
D. waited for her to come out
B
“Did you go skating a lot last year?” I asked. Jen shook her head and looked at me. Finally she said, “On Thanksgiving, Mom and I always went to visit some friends who lived on a farm. I especially loved seeing their big turkeys.”
Until then, I didn’t think about how Jen felt. She had a new stepfather (继父) and stepbrother, and had a new town and home, too. Jen and her mom used to live near a lake where Dad and I went every summer, and she had to move up north with us. She had more changes than me.
Jen seemed sad, so I was busy thinking of some ways to cheer her up on Thanksgiving. I told her my plan and she was excited. First we made a huge snowball, and then a small snowball. Then we built a wall behind the big snowball as a tail. Jen mixed some food coloring with water, saying, “We can spray (喷) colors on the tail.” Our snow turkey had a red, blue, green, and yellow tail. We were so busy that we didn’t notice our parents come outside. Dad found a hat for the
snow turkey, and Mom wrapped her scarf around its neck.
“Thanks for cheering Jen up,” Mom said. “You’re a good brother, and you always come up with great ideas.’’ A happy feeling spread through me. I began to understand how much she cared about everyone in our new family.
( )51. What did Jen do on Thanksgiving in the past?
A. She went skating with her friends.
B. She went to the farm with her mother.
C. She stayed at home with her mother.
D. She made snow turkeys with her mother.
( )52. What can we learn from the second paragraph?
A. Jen lived near a lake in the past.
B. The writer was Jen’s stepfather.
C. Jen moved up north for studying.
D. The writer just moved out of his old house.
( )53. How many people are there in Jen’s new family?
A. Two. B. Three. C. Four. D. Five.
( )54. Which of the following is the right order?
①made a small snowball ②found a hat
③made a huge snowball ④sprayed colors on the tail
⑤wrapped a scarf around the neck
⑥built a wall behind the big snowball
A. ①③⑥④②⑤ B. ①②③④⑤⑥
C. ③①⑥④②⑤ D. ③①⑥②④⑤
( )55. What can we infer (推断) from the underlined sentence?
A. Jen’s stepmother was not friendly to the writer.
B. Jen didn’t feel happy after moving here.
C. Jen’s mother did a lot to make Jen happy.
D. The writer felt happy because his stepmother liked him.C
When I was very young, I wanted to become a veterinarian (兽医) one day, because I loved animals very much, especially dogs. However, there was no room in my adult life for a dog.
Then, last year, I could not stand the fact that I developed cancer (癌症). I wanted to keep a dog, but I knew my illness made it impossible for me to keep one. In early September, to my surprise, my doctor told me that I could keep a pet as my friend, because my immune system (免疫系统) was strong to keep a pet.
The same day I went to an animal market with my friends. When I saw a 9-week-old dog with big brown eyes, nice ears and white fur all over the body, I took it home.
I’m happy these days since Oscar came into my life. My new favorite pastime is to watch him sleep, eat and run. And I have been spending more time caring about him, taking long walks with him in the park.
Now I still have the physical examination once a week at the hospital. But my illness has taken a turn for the better with the company of a dog. My immune system is getting stronger, my doctor tells me. Thanks to Oscar, my life has changed a lot.
( )56. The writer used to want to be a .
A. doctor B. teacher
C. trainer D. veterinarian
( )57. Why did the writer’s doctor advise her to keep a pet?
A. Because she developed cancer.
B. Because a dog is friendly to her.
C. Because she had a strong immune system to do that.
D. Because she had enough room in her house to keep a pet.
( )58. What does the underlined word “fur” mean in Chinese?
A. 毛皮 B. 头发
C. 爪子 D. 尾巴
( )59. The writer does the following to pass time EXCEPT .
A. see Oscar run
B. watch Oscar sleep
C. eat with Oscar together
D. take Oscar for long walks
( )60. From the passage, we can infer (推断) that .
A. the dog is hard to take care of
B. the writer is thankful to her pet dog
C. the writer’s illness gets worse than before
D. now the writer doesn’t need any physical examination
D
One little miracle (奇迹) has been happening to me recently, and it gives me a special joy.
A few months ago, I was telling my daughter, Sally, some stories about my mother. My daughter was so young when my mother died that she doesn’t remember her well. I told her all I could remember, like how wonderful my mother was and how much she meant to me.
One day, Sally was sad because her grandmother was in heaven (天堂) and she couldn’t see her. I explained that though her grandmother was dead, now she was still watching over us and could send us something to let us know she was there. She could be anywhere, even riding invisibly (看不见地) on the back of a butterfly. Just after I said this, a butterfly flew down right by us, and we laughed happily.
Now many people would say it was just luck that the butterfly flew down at that time. A funny thing, however, has happened since then. Every time I go out in any type of weather I see butterflies. Very often they fly right by my face to get my attention. I always say hi to Mum, send her my love, and thank God for little miracles.
Everyone is always looking for some big miracles to come out and save them when they are in trouble, but they don’t notice the little miracles that happen every day right in front of their eyes. I know what they really are, however. For me little miracles are the best kind. So many little miracles happen around me all the time that I know they are not just luck.
( )61. When her grandmother died, Sally was .
A. at school B. quite young
C. in trouble D. not at home
( )62. One day Sally was sad because .
A. her mother told her a sad story
B. she argued with her grandmother
C. she couldn’t see her grandmother
D. her grandmother sent her nothing special
( )63. What does the underlined word “they” refer to
(指代)?
A. Everyone. B. Butterflies.
C. Grandparents. D. Little miracles.
( )64. What is the little miracle that has been happening to Sally’s mum?
A. She has a wonderful time with her daughter.
B. She sees butterflies every time she goes out.
C. She can make her daughter laugh happily every day.
D. She often sees her mother ride on the back of a butterfly.
( )65. Which can be the BEST title for this passage?
A. Butterflies and miracles
B. Sally’s grandmother
C. Miracles are nowhere
D. A funny thing happened to Sally五. 单词拼写(共5小题;每小题1分，满分5分)
根据首字母及汉语提示，完成下列单词的拼写，使句意明确，语言通顺。
66. The bag was too heavy and the boy carried it upstairs with great d(困难).
67. Listening to music sometimes can make you forget your s(悲伤).
68. I cannot p(许诺) you anything at the moment, but I will try my best.
69. People not only in China but also from many other countries are still i(受影响) by Confucius’ thoughts.
70. — You look slimmer and healthier than before.
— Yes, I p(更喜欢) sweet snacks to vegetables before.
六、书面表达(满分15分)
学校要为初三学生订制新的校服，下面是工厂送来的图片，请你结合所学的关于颜色的知识，选择一款校服加以评价。
要求：1. 就校服的颜色以及款式加以评价;
2. 内容充实，语言流畅，书写工整;
3. 80词左右。
提示：Style A: red and white sports clothes for girls; blue and white sports clothes for boys
Style B: white shirt, dark blue skirt and red tie for girls; white shirt, dark blue trousers and red tie for boys1-5 DDCAC 6-10 CADAA
11-15 ABBDC 16-20 ADACB
21-25 DBACB 26-30 DACDB
31-35 BDACB 36-40 CCADA
41-45 BGACF 46-50 BDCAA
51-55 BACCB 56-60 DCACB 61-65 BCDBA
66. difficulty 67. sadness 68. promise 69. influenced 70. preferred
背影练习题范文第4篇
2007年，苹果公司推出iPhone手机，这一产品彻底颠覆了以往的手机行业，随后谷歌公司推出的安卓系统、微软公司推出的Windows Mobile等，使智能手机得到了迅速普及。手机最初是作为一种可移动的电话出现的，是一种人际沟通的工具，除双向通话外并不具备其他功能。智能手机的滥觞，让手机彻底换了一种形态示人。智能手机的硬件提供物理平台，软件(app)以及运营商提供内容与服务。手机的发展突破了屏幕小、分辨率低、功能相对简单等不足，再也不是一个简单的通信工具，而是一台可以打电话的掌上电脑。此外，自从苹果公司2010年推出iPad平板电脑之后，各大厂商纷纷推出了自己的平板电脑产品，目前已有了庞大的用户群。这一跨界产品彻底打破了手机与电脑的界限，有人把iPad平板电脑称为“不能打电话的iPhone”，而三星公司也推出了可以打电话的GALAXY系列平板电脑，这进一步弥补了手机在屏幕阅读面积上的不足，同时又不失其便携性。利用手机等移动设备接入互联网，成为当下一种再常见不过的信息传受行为。可以预见的是，未来互联网的发展趋势一定是移动的，就像手机逐渐取代固定电话一样，移动互联网终将成为未来信息传播的最主要工具。
一、手机新闻传播的几种形态
移动互联网发展的前期阶段，一些学者认为手机短信与手机报是大有可为的“第五媒体”。但是手机短信更多的是人际交流的工具，利用手机短信传播新闻，除了在自然灾害预警等特殊情况下，似乎并不会引起人们的注意。手机报利用彩信或WAP方式向定制用户发送多媒体新闻的新形式，在几年内经历了快速的发展，一度被寄予厚望。但是手机报来也匆匆去也匆匆，随着移动互联网的发展，手机报的订阅用户迅速萎缩。有学者认为，手机报只是个过渡产品[2]，前景并不乐观。
当智能手机逐渐普及、3G技术日益成熟、手机与移动互联网结合得越来越紧密时，手机在新闻传播上的属性越发显现，手机再也不是单纯的人际沟通工具，而转变为一种大众媒体。目前，各大门户网站、新闻网站、搜索网站等运营的手机网站已经很成熟，手机新闻客户端(app)也是手机用户获取新闻资讯的重要途径。据2013年4月的《中国移动互联网发展状况报告》显示，截至2012年12月底，我国手机网民规模已经达到了4.2亿。[1]另外，根据2012年10月的《中国手机网民上网行为研究报告》显示，通过手机上网，以获得新闻资讯为目的的手机网民高达58.2%。[3]
手机微博也具有很强的新闻传播特性。据《第32次中国互联网络发展状况统计报告》显示，截至2013年6月底，我国微博网民规模为3.31亿，用手机上微博的网民数为2.3亿。[4]在我国，微博不仅是网络社交工具，更是新闻资讯传播的重要渠道，网民不仅在微博上了解新闻，还能够转发、评论，表达自己的意见。除此之外，手机网民最常用也是用户基数最大的手机即时通信工具，如QQ、微信等，也都具备新闻推送的功能，特别是异军突起的微信对信息传播方式的改变引起了学界的广泛关注。可以说，对于4亿手机网民来说，即使没有主动接触新闻资讯的欲望，也难逃新闻资讯推送的狂轰滥炸。智能手机与移动互联网的完美结合，只有在移动互联的背景下，手机的新闻传播属性才会走向成熟。
二、移动互联网拉近了人与新闻资讯之间的距离
针对手机移动互联网的使用情况，南京师范大学媒介发展与危机管理研究所进行了一次问卷调查。[5]此次问卷调查采用互联网问卷调查的形式，采取简单随机抽样的方法，问卷样本覆盖了全国大部分省市，男女比例基本均等，职业分布以大中专院校学生、公司职员、企事业单位工作人员为主，总共收回621份有效问卷，具有一定的代表性，能在一定程度上反映移动互联网使用的情况。
(一)手机上网成为获取新闻的重要渠道
本问卷设置了“目前你关注新闻资讯的主要渠道有哪些”问题，如表1所示，最多的人选择了电脑网络，占到访问对象的88.1%；QQ、微博等社交应用比例也较大，占到76.7%；选择手机互联网的比例也超过70%，达到70.4%。此外，传统媒体所占的比例较小，报纸为23.5%；广播只有13%；电视比例较高，为42.4%，但是也没有超过半数。手机新闻客户端也占有一定的分量，传统媒体的电子版则较少。选择“其他”的4个访问对象中，有2人填写了手机报。
从调查问卷数据中我们可以看出，通过传统媒体获得新闻的人越来越少，网络媒体则占了很大的比例。在访问对象中，电脑网络占接近90%的比重，而手机移动互联网的比例也非常大。从QQ、微博等社交应用中获取新闻资讯也成为主流，而从一些调查数据可以清晰地获知，手机移动互联网是QQ、微博等社交应用最主要的接入渠道。此外，手机新闻客户端也有一定数量的用户群。可见，手机移动互联网已经成为人们获取新闻最主要的渠道之一，与电脑网络不相上下，已经远远超过传统媒体。
用户媒介接触习惯的深刻改变可见一斑。传统媒体受网络新媒体的冲击，以微博为主的自媒体，用户自己生产内容是一方面，另一方面虽然网络新媒体能够融合多种媒体形式，但是内容还是来自传统媒体。人们在获取新闻的渠道上发生了很大的变化，但是内容的生产者并没有发生太大的变化。换句话说，报纸的发行量虽然在萎缩，但是报纸所生产的新闻并没有因此减弱传播效果，反而是大大增强了。
(二)手机上网客观上增加了用户的新闻接触度
在621名受访者中，有10人未开通手机上网服务，其余611人开通了手机上网服务，共占受访者总数的98.4%。在开通手机上网服务的611名受访者中，回答“在开通手机上网这项服务前，您是否经常通过报纸、电视等传统媒体关注新闻”时，38%的受访者选择“经常”，53.3%的受访者选择“偶尔”，6.6%的受访者选择“不关注”。在回答“开通手机上网这项服务后，您是否经常通过手机关注新闻”时，52.8%的受访者选择“经常”，40.6%的受访者选择“偶尔”，4.8%的受访者选择“不关注”。通过对比可知，在开通手机上网前后，关注新闻资讯等信息的程度有了明显的变化。从图1可以清晰地看到，开通手机上网后，经常关注新闻的受访者比例由38%上升到52.8%，上升14.8%；偶尔关注新闻的比例由53.3%下降到40.6%，下降12.7%；不关注新闻的比例由6.6%下降到4.8%。
另一个更加直观的统计结果显示，在回答“开通手机上网这项服务后，您关注新闻的频率是否有所增加”这一问题时，73.3%的受访者认为如此，只有21%的受访者认为“并没有增加”，另外5.7%的受访者表示“不确定”。此外，有56.8%的受访者明确表示“获取新闻财经文体等资讯”是使用手机的目的之一。由此可见，开通手机上网之后，人们对新闻信息的关注增加了许多。
另外，从手机用户的主观需求来说，获取新闻也是使用手机的一个重要目的。在受访者回答“您使用手机希望获得的服务是什么”这一问题时，有56.8%的受访者明确表示“获取新闻财经文体等资讯”，另外选择“生活服务指南”的受访者也占到57.6%。虽然与排名前两位的“休闲娱乐”(77.8%)、“人际交流”(76.4%)尚有差距，但是接近60%的比例也能够反映出获取新闻资讯在手机用户使用需求上的重要性。
(三)分享与互动：传播范围的几何级增长
手机是目前最重要的自媒体平台，当前最热门的自媒体形式，如微博、微信、博客、论坛、百度贴吧等等，都可以使用手机轻松访问，并且界面友好，用户体验甚至要好于或者是不逊色于电脑。另外，智能手机所具有的移动性、便携性、触摸屏、可拍照、可GPS定位等优势又是电脑所不具备的。《2012年中国微博蓝皮书》显示，微博用户开始大规模地向移动端迁移：通过智能手机进行微博访问的用户已经达到89.35%，仅次于PC端的登录情况。[6]
微博上曾经流传着这样一个说法：微博粉丝超过100人，你就是一本内刊；超过1000人，你就是个布告栏；超过1万人，你就是一本杂志；超过10万人，你就是一份都市报；超过100万人，你就是一份全国性报纸；超过1000万人，你就是电视台；超过1亿人，你就是CCTV。我即媒体，微博让独立个体有了一个像大众传播媒介一样的传播渠道，移动互联网与手机等终端设备又让这个传播渠道变得随时随地可用。
微博等社交媒体已经成为新闻与传播的重要聚散地，手机微博、微信等拥有几亿用户的自媒体深刻改变了新闻传播的格局。特别是当有突发事件发生时无数网民用手机不停地刷屏，以获取最新消息，手机成为最迅速的新闻传播渠道。分享与转发功能是目前社交媒体最为重要的功能之一，一条新闻信息经过转发，就会让更多的用户看到，不断转发，再经过“转发的转发”，传播范围就会以几何级的速度增长。
三、冲击：深刻改变媒体产业格局
(一)手机是网民每日接触最多的媒体
群邑中国互动营销2013年的一项调查显示：“80%的受访者在睡觉时会将手机放在伸手可及的范围之内；73%的受访者每天通过手机闹铃起床；95%的受访者在入睡前平均要使用手机一个小时，并因此推迟了入睡时间。”[7]
南京师范大学媒介发展与危机传播研究所进行的调查如图2所示，有62.9%的受访者每天24小时开机，31.5%的受访者仅在睡觉的时候关机，开机时间不固定的受访者只占5.6%的比例。另外如图3所示，问卷设“您是否会把手机经常带在身边”的问题，有58.3%的受访者表示手机总是带在身边，39.5%的受访者表示手机会经常带在身边，手机偶尔或者不会经常带在身边的比例只占1.6%和0.6%。可见，绝大多数手机用户会把手机经常带在身边，并且除了睡觉时间外，都会保持开机状态。
早晨上班的人们可能随手拿起一份地铁免费发放的地铁报，但是愿意去报摊买一份报纸的人越来越少；在繁忙的工作和生活压力下，守在电视机、电脑旁悠闲地看电视、上网的时间也越来越少。在时间碎片化的生活中，只有手机是人们不用刻意去接近，随时随地就能够接触到的媒介，无论是工作、学习、娱乐，还是打发时间，手机都是唾手可得的工具。智联招聘网对全国28个城市白领日均玩手机时间进行了调查，排名第一的北京白领高达6.72小时，排名第28位的长春也有1.4个小时。[8]手机已经无时无刻不渗透到每一个人的生活之中，成为人们日常生活中接触最多的媒体。
(二)基于移动互联的手机对媒介产业格局的冲击
近年来，世界知名报刊停刊或被收购的消息不绝于耳。2013年，美国最负盛名的报纸之一的《华盛顿邮报》被亚马逊创始人杰夫·贝索斯以2.5亿美元收购震惊整个传媒业。紧接着，《纽约时报》亦以7000万美元的价格“贱卖”了《波士顿环球报》，《新闻周刊》也告别了纸质时代，其他如《美国新闻与世界报道》《基督教科学箴言报》《西雅图邮报》也没有了纸质版。[9]
我国大多数传统媒体暂时还没有面临关门大吉的厄运，但是危机感依然强烈，传统新闻业受到新媒体的强力冲击是不争的事实。如何向新媒体转型是目前传统媒体所面临的共同问题，移动互联网的发展趋势是不可逆的，媒介性质的改变、受众阅读习惯的改变、受众媒介接触行为的转变，使得传统媒体受众面缩小，并且随之带来了广告收入的大幅度下降，传统新闻业的颠覆性变革已经开始。
内容为王？渠道为王？未来的报纸可能不再是印刷的形式，而是以电子媒介的形式呈现，好的内容再加上适应时展的渠道，传统媒体的转型方向其实是很明确的。新闻的生产仍然是传统媒体的强项，无论时代如何变化，高质量的新闻仍然是只有专业媒体才能够完成的。在移动互联网发展的大趋势下，传统媒体适应新的传播媒介的媒介特性，包括智能手机、平板电脑，未来可能是谷歌眼镜、智能手表，或者是嵌入人体的芯片，生产内容、打开渠道、探索盈利模式，将是未来的趋势。
四、移动互联背景下的“第五媒体”将主宰未来
如今的手机已经经历了翻天覆地的变化，十年来曾经对于手机是否能够被称为“第五媒体”、什么才是“第五媒体”有过广泛的讨论。在移动互联背景下，智能手机与移动互联网相结合，手机成为“第五媒体”当之无愧。
我们把报纸称为第一媒体，把广播称为第二媒体，把电视称为第三媒体，把互联网称为第四媒体。这一分类法基本上是沿着这些媒体出现的时间先后顺序，并且每一种媒介都是作为大众传播媒介出现的，新闻传播的属性非常明显。沿着这一思路，只有一种新型的大众传播媒介才能够被称为“第五媒体”，目前看来，移动互联网最有可能。在移动互联时代，手机是最重要、使用人数最多、普及程度最高的移动互联网接入终端。仅从我国的情况来说，手机网民的数量就已经超过4亿。如果不是在移动互联背景下，手机非智能时代，手机更多的是作为人际交流的工具，将手机称为“第五媒体”还是值得商榷的。如今，手机的大众传播属性、新闻传播能力已经毋庸置疑，那么将手机称作“第五媒体”是合情合理的。
美国媒介环境学家保罗·莱文森提出了“补救性媒介”理论与媒介演化的“人性化趋势”理论。保罗·莱文森认为，技术的发展越来越人性化，任何一种后继的媒介，都是一种补救措施，都是对过去某一媒介功能的补救与补偿。人类的技术越来越完美，越来越“人性化”[10]。智能手机作为一个多媒体数字化的移动互联网接入终端，通过硬件系统与软件系统的结合，能够实现各种媒介的功能。手机可以是一张报纸，可以收听广播，可以收看手机电视、网络视频，还可以享受互联网的各种服务，可以说是一机在手便拥有了各种媒体。
麦克卢汉认为，“媒介即人的延伸”。媒介是人生理和心灵的延伸，手机就像人类的器官一样，延伸了我们的视觉、听觉、触觉系统，其巨大的便携性又让我们从固定的场所解放出来。移动互联背景下的智能手机既有报纸的便捷，又不用守在电视机、电脑前，就像保罗·莱文森所说的“移动媒介会使每个地方都更加有用”[11]。也有国内学者认为，手机重新定义了黄金时间。[12]可以看得见的未来是，未来手机样式的发展肯定是仿生的，可穿戴式的互联网终端设备已经成为现实，几乎与智能手机具有同样功能的谷歌眼镜、智能手表已经上市或者已经计划上市，相信距离像手机这样普及只是个时间问题。未来手机的名称可能再也不叫作“手机”，但一定是会比手机具有更多功能、更加人性化的媒介技术样式。在信息时代，随着技术的发展，新闻传播的趋势必将是以融合了所有媒体形式的“第五媒体”为主导。（来源：新闻爱好者 文/靖 鸣 马丹晨 靖鸣为南京师范大学媒介发展与危机管理研究所所长、教授、博士生导师；马丹晨为南京师范大学新闻与传播学院硕士生 编选：）
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[2]陈国权.手机报只是个过渡产品[J].中国报业，2012(7).
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背影练习题范文第5篇
一、利用课后习题，掌握课文内容
初中语文课本中，苏教版许多课后习题设计时，大多数是为了帮助理解课文大意而设定的。语文老师在教学过程中可充分利用这些习题，在完成复习要求的基础上，适当地引导学生带着问题去阅读文章，进而复习课文重点。在复习时充分利用课后练习题，可以让学生更加清晰地理清课文思路，更好地把握课文重点。
例如在对《背影》这一课进行复习时，练习第一题为：文章多次对父亲的背影进行了叙述，试问每次背影是在什么情况下出现的？为什么作者止不住流下泪水？语文老师在复习时可以将此题引入，通过对学生的提问，引导学生思维运转，促进学生综合能力的提高。学生在回答此题前，必须经过缜密的思考，这样就会回忆起文章的重点和脉络，并对父子之间的感情有了更加充分的认识。其中第一次背影的出现是在祖母去世，父亲也失业，家庭窘困的情况下出现的，此时父亲为儿子所做的比正常情况下更加可贵，这次流泪的原因是感动；第二次背影的出现是在父亲离开时，作者看到父亲融入茫茫人海中，离别情绪充溢，因此留下了不舍的泪水；第三次背影的出现是读信时，作者想到父亲的生活艰苦、颓唐，流出了伤心的泪水。
在以上的举例中我们可以看出，课后的练习为学生们提供了一种行之有效的复习方式即：“再读――归纳”过程，这个环节对学生知识记忆提供了很大的帮助，使学生将书本知识转为自己的知识。
二、通过课后练习，巩固基础知识
在语文复习课上课时，老师可以通过课后习题，加深学生对基础知识的影响，语文老师可适当的选择课后习题，将语文教材里面经常出现及教学大纲要求的一些常用的、容易出错的字词，进行加强训练。语文老师可以通过课后练习中的“读一读、写一写”这道题进行设计，拿出合理的方案，帮助学生巩固字词。另外课后习题中还专门有为练习字词设计的习题，这类题目对学生灵活运用所学字词，有着很好的提高作用，这种题目在大多数文言文课文后出现。如课文《桃花源记》课后练、区分下列句子中加点词语在句中的含义：①便要（邀请）还家；②既出，得其（他的、自己的这里代指渔人）船；③醒能述以（用）文者。这些练习可以让学生了解同一词语在不同语境及不同句子中的作用是不同的，最终将使学生熟练灵活的运用各种词句。
另外，初中学生也应该有着体味和推敲重要句子在文章中含义和作用的能力。在上语文复习课时，语文老师通过课后练习，加强对学生语句理解能力的训练，通过学生自己对这些句子的推敲及分析，使其掌握理解和运用语言文字的技巧，最终提高学生的综合阅读能力。例如《木兰诗》课后练，分析下列句子，并说出哪些运用了互文手法：①东市买骏马，西市买鞍鞯；②将军百战死，壮士十年归；③开我东阁门，坐我西阁床；④当窗理云鬓，对镜帖花黄。这些句子中大多数运用了互文的手法，语文老师在对该题进行复习时，不但可以通过古文翻译加强学生的阅读和翻译古文的功底，而且在这个环节加深了学生对互文这个手法的学习，加强了学生灵活运用古文中的实词、虚词以及各种语法的能力，另外，复习时老师也应该根据不同的文章类型，在翻译时不能一味强调将文章变为散文。语文老师在进行这些复习后，最终力求使学生掌握翻译简单文言文的能力，并且使得翻译过后文章句意表达明确、清晰。著名的语言学家苏霍姆林曾经说过：“一个人到学校上学，不仅为了获得一份知识的行囊，而主要是获得多方面的学习能力，学会思考。”在复习过程中，语文老师应该教会学生运用知识解决问题的能力。
三、对课后习题进行研究、力求系统化
