背影练习题
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背影练习题范文第1篇
A.根据汉语提示填写单词。
1.He won a gold medal(奖牌) at the 2012 Summer Olympics.
2.I don't think it's fair(公平的) for her to do all the work.
3.Many students come to the front of the classroom to talk about their countries with pride(自豪).
4.Li Ming didn't come to school today.I suppose(猜测) he was ill in bed.
5.Young people are quickly influenced(影响) by new ideas.
B.用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空。每词限用一次，每空限填一词。
wise，especially，success，method，record
6.The players prepared so well that they realized their dream successfully.
7.Don't worry，Xiaodan!I can give you a good method to solve the problem.
8.The player kept the world record in the last Olympic Games.
9.It's a wise idea to give up smoking.
10.I don't like getting up early，especially in winter.
二、语法填空。
阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。
Albert Einstein was one of the most successful scientists in the 20th century.Once a __11__ man asked Albert Einstein what the secret of __12__ (succeed) was.The great scientist told him that the first secret of success was hard __13__.
A few days __14__(late)，the young man came to ask him the same question again.Einstein felt unhappy and got very __15__.
He didn't want to say anything，so he turned to write a few words on a __16__ of paper and handed it to the young man.The young man looked at the piece of paper.On it was __17__(write)：
A=Y+X+Z
“Could you please tell me what this means?”__18__ the young man.
“It's the answer you need.”explained the old scientist.“A means success，Y stands for hard work，X stands for good __19__ of doing things，and Z means that you should stop __20__(talk) now and get down to work.”
11.young 12.success 13.work 14.later
15.annoyed/angry 16.piece 17.written 18.asked
19.methods/ways 20.talking
三、完形填空。
Early in the morning，at noon，or in the evening in big cities and in the countryside，all across the United States，you can see Americans running.Men and women，__21__ and old are running.People run __22__—along the beaches of California，__23__ Central Park in New York，down quiet streets in small towns or at the gym.Some people even run in __24__ living rooms.
Running didn't use to be so popular.In the 1960s，runners were __25__ athletes and healthy strong people.In those days，when people saw a runner，they used __26__，“Hey，what's the hurry for?”Or they might say to __27__，“Is he crazy?”Women almost never __28__.If they did，they might hear a man shout，“If I __29__ you，can I keep you?” But today all these have __30__.Men and women of all __31__ enjoy running.
Doctors say many of the health problems in the United States __32__ these bad habits：eating too much，smoking cigarettes，and __33__ exercising enough.Doctors tell us，“Eat less，don't smoke，and exercise more.” Running is a good exercise __34__ it helps build strong hearts and lungs.It also helps most people __35__ weight.
( A )21.A.young B.small C.big D.little
( C )22.A.anywhere B.somewhere
C.everywhere D.nowhere
( B )23.A.by B.through
C.with D.on
( D )24.A.our B.your C.his D.their
( A )25.A.mostly B.hardly C.most D.never
( D )26.A.to asking B.to tell
C.to speak D.to ask
( B )27.A.them B.themselves
C.theirs D.they
( B )28.A.thought B.ran
C.said D.exercised
( A )29.A.catch B.take C.carry D.find
( A )30.A.changed B.stopped
C.worked D.done
( D )31.A.people B.cities C.villages D.ages
( A )32.A.come from B.look for
C.care for D.think of
( B )33.A.too B.not C.much D.little
( C )34.A.how B.where C.because D.until
( D )35.A.give B.increase
C.improve D.lose 四、阅读理解。
Yesterday afternoon，it was very hot.Mr. Green，with his family，decided to go swimming.There was a new and large swimming pool near their house.It was free for the first week.So they wanted to have a try there.When they got to the swimming pool，they were told to read the notice first.
Swimming Pool Rules & Regulation
*The swimming pool is open from 8：00 till 22：00.
*Wear a swimming suit before using the pool.
*Take a shower before entering the pool.
*Don't smoke in the whole area.
*Watch your children all the time while swimming.
*Don't move the sun chairs or umbrella without permission(允许).
*Diving(跳水) into the pool is not allowed.
*Stay away from the deep area if your swimming skills are not so good.
*People who have drunk，caught colds or who have skin diseases(疾病) can't enter the pool.
After reading the notice，the Greens were all very clear about what they should do and how they could keep themselves safe in the swimming pool.They enjoyed themselves there all the afternoon.
41.The Greens were told to __B__ first when they got to the pool.
A.go swimming B.read the notice
C.fill in the form D.buy the tickets
42.According to the rules，Mr. Greens should __A__ before entering the pool.
A.take a shower B.move to the sun chairs
C.smoke a lot D.send the children back
43.The rules tell the Greens NOT to __D__ when they swim in the pool.
A.watch the children all the time
B.wear a swimming suit
C.carry umbrellas with them
D.dive into the pool
44.From the passage，we know that __D__.
A.the swimming pool is open from 7：00 to 20：00
B.people can stay in the deep area if they can't swim
C.people who have skin diseases can enter the pool
D.the Greens family spent the whole afternoon in the pool
五、任务型阅读。(2012，宁波)
45.The first and greatest rule.Talking is not allowed，even including talking quietly during the music.
46.The musicians do not need your help，and your neighbours need silence.Learn to tap(轻敲) your fingers quietly on the chair—it's a good finger exercise.
47.Drinks and candies are not allowed.
48.Remember that you are representing your school，and you want to be on your best behavior.There are many eyes looking at you.
A.Do not embarrass your teacher nor your school.
B.No singing，tapping fingers or feet.
C.Please have nothing in your mouth，besides your teeth and tongue.
D.Do not talk.
45.__D__46.__B__47.__C__48.__A__
49.What's the best title for this material?__A__
A.The Rules of Concert Etiquette
B.The Rules of Hotel Etiquette
C.The Rules of Bank Etiquette
D.The Rules of Airport Etiquette
六、书面表达。(2014，东营)
假如你是某杂志社编辑Mr. Knowledgeable，根据中学生 Bob的来信内容，给他写封回信，帮助解决他所遇到的问题。字数80—100，开头已给出。
Dear Knowledgeable，
My problem is that I can't get on with my family.My parents always say “no” to my ideas without any reason.So I often quarrel(吵架) with them.Also，my brother is not very nice to me.He always refuses to let me watch my favourite TV show.Instead，he watches whatever he wants until late at night.I don't think this is fair.At home，I always feel lonely and nervous.Is that normal?What can I do?
Bob
Dear Bob，
It's normal to have these feelings.Why don't you talk about these feelings with your family?First，it's not right to quarrel with your parents.I don't think quarrelling can solve problems.You'd better have a talk with your parents.Tell them to have a discussion with you before saying “no” to your ideas.
背影练习题范文第2篇
Ⅰ. 听句子，选择正确的应答语。每个句子读一遍。(每小题1分，满分5分)
1. A. It’s white. B. It must be Jack’s. C. It’s my favorite.
2. A. It’s on the wall. B. It belongs to Mary. C. Peter took it.
3. A. I’m sorry. B. Don’t worry. C. You’re welcome.
4. A. He’s very friendly. B. He might be a driver. C. I don’t like him.
5. A. It’s about pets. B. It’s Ann’s. C. John.
Ⅱ.听短对话，选择正确的答案。每段对话读两遍。(每小题1分，满分5分)
6. Which animal can sleep with its eyes open?
A. Birds. B. Fish. C. Horses.
7. What does Millie love doing in the park?
A. Chatting. B. Flying kites. C. Dancing.
8. Where did the little cat hurt?
A. Its head hurt. B. One of its back legs hurt. C. One of its front legs hurt.
9. What does the man see in fact?
A. A UFO. B. A plane. C. A light.
10. How tall is Bao Xishun?
A. 2.63 m. B. 2.6 m. C. 2.36 m.
Ⅲ.听长对话，选择答案。每段对话读两遍。(每小题1分，满分5分)
听第一段对话，回答第11至12小题。
11.Where did the girl find the book?
A. Under Toby’s desk. B. Under her desk. C. In her drawer.
12.Why does Toby think the book is Sandy’s?
A. Because he bought it with Sandy.
B. Because Sandy lent it to him.
C. Because Sandy’s name is on it.
听第二段对话，回答第13至15小题。
13.Where did the boy probably leave his backpack?
A. In the classroom. B. At the gym. C. At the dining hall.
14.What’s the time now?
A. 5:30. B.6:30. C. 6:40.
15.What does Mom advise the boy to do?
A. To get his backpack back.
B. To give his teacher a call.
C. To do his homework later.
Ⅳ.听短文并填空。短文读两遍。(每小题1分，满分5分)
The Terracotta Army is one of the Eight Wonders of the world. These terracotta warriors and horses were 16 in Xi’an in 1974 by some local people. The warriors were buried to protect Qin Shihuang. They had different 17 , looks, and hairstyles. They had different 18 from 1.83 m to 1.95 m. They also had different weapons in their hands. The horses were about 1.7 meters high and 2 meters long. More than 700,000 workers made the warriors and horses. They showed the high 19 of the workers and the power of Qin Shihuang. 20 people have been there to see the warriors and horses.二、笔试部分(满分80分)
Ⅰ.单项填空(每小题1分，满分15分)
21.—Why did Miss Wang look so worried?
—Because she wondered .
A. where did the other students go
B. when would the policeman come
C. what her students have done during the trip
D. if her students had survived the earthquake
22.The cleaners have to rubbish to keep our city clean.
A. turn up B. pick up C. fix up D. give up
23.—Whose volleyball is this?
—It must belong to .
A. Bob B. he C. she D. Carla’s
24.—Must I finish my homework now?
—No，you .You may have a rest first.
A. mustn’t B. can’t C. may not D. needn’t
25.When Tony heard the good news，he was too excited .
A. speak B. speaks C. to speak D. working
26.The children had great fun the kites.
A. fly B. to fly C. flew D. flying
27.I have work to do，and I am tired.
A. much too;too much B. too much;much too
C. too much;too much D. much too;much too
28.I have to show you.
A. different something B. something different
C. anything different D. different anything
29.Remember off the light and don’t forget the door when you leave the room.
A. to turn;to close B. to turn;closing
C. turning;to close D. turning;closing
30.I didn’t go to the party not the weather，but I didn’t feel well.
A. because of;because B. because;because of
C. because;because D. because of;because of
31. All the students are talking and laughing in the classroom and it’s .
A. noisy B. lonely C. quiet D. strict
32.The man was so exhausted that he fell at once.
A. sleepy B. sleep C. sleeping D. asleep
33.—Is that girl Susan?
—It be her. She left for Beijing yesterday.
A. needn’t B. can’t C. mustn’t D. may not
34. It seems that the aged people the H7N9 more easily from the recent cases.
A. pick up B.mix up C. set up D. use up
35. In spring, the park with travellers.
A. crowds B. crowded C. is crowded D. crowding
Ⅱ.完形填空(每小题1分,满分10分)
Mr. and Mrs. Green were very worried about their son, Leo. He seemed to be dumb (哑的) 36 he was normal in every other way. Mr. and Mrs. Green tried everything to get him to 37 ,but with no success.
When Leo was six years old, the best doctors in the town 38 him carefully, but could find nothing wrong. And he seemed to be smart. It was just that he 39 spoke.
“There might be something wrong with his 40 ,and he doesn’t know he’s able to speak,” one doctor said.
“But he can read and write,” said Mr. Green.“We’ve written him notes, telling him that he can speak.”
“It’s certainly very 41 ,”another doctor said.“Perhaps he’ll be able to speak some day.”
42 passed. Leo went to university. But he did not speak a 43 word.
Then one day, Leo was having a meal with his parents. Without any warning, he looked up from his 44 and said, “Pass me the salt, please.”
Mr. and Mrs. Green were excited.“You spoke! You spoke!”they cried.“Why have you 45 so long to speak?”
“I didn’t have anything to say,” he said.“Until now everything was perfect. But you forgot to put salt in these potatoes.”
36. A. because B. when C. though D. before
37. A. speak B. walk C. play D. laugh
38. A. taught B. found C. examined D. asked
39. A. never B. often C. usually D. always
40. A. back B. hair C. face D. mind
41. A. unfair B. strange C. noisy D. quiet
42. A. Hours B. Weeks C. Months D. Years
43. A. good B. right C. single D. new
44. A. chair B. meal C. hands D. books
45. A. slept B. walked C. served D. waitedⅢ.阅读理解(每小题2分,满分20分)
A
Sam was a fifteen-year-old boy living with his little sister, Julie. Their parents had passed away long ago. Sam had taken care of Julie by himself.
One day, Sam woke up at three in the morning as usual. When Julie was sleeping alone, Sam left their little house to send newspapers. When he found an old man sitting in front of their house, Sam was so surprised that he stopped to look at him closely. It was an icy morning and he looked very cold.
The poor old man didn’t have anything to cover himself with. Sam went into his house to get the old man a blanket(毯子). However, there were no extra blankets, so Sam thought hard and took his father’s coat. It was the only thing of his father’s that he had left. Sam wrote a short note.“Sir, I found you sleeping in front of my house. This is my father’s coat. I hope it fits you well.”He put the note in a pocket of the coat, and covered the old man with the coat. Then he went to work. When he came back three hours later, both the man and the coat were gone. Sam thought that it was the best thing he could have done with his father’s coat.
That afternoon, Sam hurried home after school because Julie was at home alone. However, Julie and the old man were standing in front of the house, and Julie shouted to Sam, “Brother! He’s our grandfather!”
The grandfather smiled and said, “Sam, thank you for giving me the coat and letting me know how good my grandson is. This coat was the one that I gave my son a long time ago!”
46.How was the weather when Sam saw an old man in front of his house?.
A. Hot and sunny. B. Rainy. C. Icy and cold. D. Windy.
47.Sam’s morning job was to .
A. take care of his sister B. go to school
C. send newspapers D. look for his grandfather
48.“Their parents passed away long ago.” means “Their parents long ago.”
A. died B. went on
C. left home D. passed by
49.Sam covered the old man with his father’s coat because .
A. his father’s coat fitted the old man well
B. the coat was the only thing that his father had left
C. he knew the old man was his grandfather then
D. he had no extra blanket
50.What is the story mainly about?
A. Father’s coat was missing.
B. Sam found his grandfather through an act of kindness.
C. An old man was too cold to live on.
D. Sam took care of his sister by himself.
B
Many people say that they are working too many hours. They don’t have enough time to relax or to stay with their family.
Work hours are different from one country to another. In France, people spend about 1,646 hours a year at work .In Japan, however, people work about 2,159 hours a year. That means a Japanese worker works 513 more hours a year than a French worker.
Why do people work so many hours? Some people work extra hours because they want to make more money. However, many companies don’t pay overtime. Their workers don’t get more pay for more work. Some people think it’s their duty to work more hours. Some are afraid of losing their jobs if they don’t work more hours.
Many people say that their vacations are too short. In France, people get five weeks of paid vacation a year. In Germany, they get four to six weeks, and in the United States, two weeks. One study shows fewer than half of workers used all their vacation days. In Great Britain, there is a saying,“All work and no play makes Jack a dull (迟钝的) boy.”If that is true, there must be a lot of dull people in the world.
51.A Japanese worker works more hours a year than a French one.
A. 513 B. 1,646 C. 2,159 D. 3,805
52.The word “extra” in Paragraph 3 means “ ”.
A. 正常的 B. 额外的 C. 有用的 D. 少量的
53.People in get only two weeks of paid vacation a year.
A. France B. Germany C. the United States D. Great Britain
54.Which of the following is true according to the passage?
A. No companies offer vacations to their workers.
B. Many people say they have enough time to relax.
C. Not all companies pay their workers for more work.
D. More than half of workers use all their vacation days.
55.What can we infer from the passage?
A. Many workers have to work long hours.
B. Many people have vacations long enough.
C. Work hours are the same around the world.
D. There are a lot of dull people in the world.IV.任务型阅读(每小题2分，满分10分)
阅读下面短文，按要求完成各小题。
Confidence is very important in daily life. It can help you to develop a healthy attitude(态度). A study shows that the people who are more confident are much happier. They can have more chances to make themselves successful. But how to be more confident? Here are some suggestions：
•By speaking aloud
When you are not confident，you can’t do well what you want to do. You speak in a voice so low that other people can hardly hear you. Try to speak loud enough so that people can hear you clearly. The high voice can help you become more confident.
•By playing sports
Physical exercise makes you tired but completely relaxed.[58]A strong body helps you be full of confidence.
•By encouraging yourself
Write down a list of things you did during the day to see how many things you have done well. Did you finish your homework?Did you tell a joke that made everybody laugh?Give yourself praise for the good things you’ve done.
•By getting rid of(消除)fear
Fear comes along with failure. But it’s easy to overcome(克服)if you know that failure is part of your life. Try to start again and believe you can do better.
•By picking up a hobby
If you like singing，sing as much as you can.[59]In some ways，a hobby can make you outstanding. And it will make you happy and confident.
A.根据短文内容简要回答问题。
56.How many suggestions can help you to be more confident?
57.How can you encourage yourself?
B.将短文中画线的句子译成汉语。
58.
59.
C.请给短文拟一个适当的标题。
60.
Ⅴ.补全对话(每小题2分，满分10分)
根据对话内容，从方框中选择适当的句子填入空白处，使对话完整。(有两项多余)
A: Hello, Jim! Have you seen Eric?
B: No, I haven’t. What’s up?
A: I have found a yellow jacket on the playground. 61 .
B: It can’t be his. The jacket is much too small for him.
A: 62 . I saw him on the playground just now.
B: But Tony’s jacket is black.
A: 63 .
B: Let me have a look. Oh, it must be John’s.
A: 64 .
B: Look! I found this student ID card in one of the pockets.
A: 65 . Let’s go and give it to him.
B: OK. He must be in the library. Let’s go.
Ⅵ.书面表达(满分15分)
假如你是你们班的英语课代表，在一次分发试卷的时候发现了一份没有署名的试卷，成绩为满分。请分析一下会是谁呢?
要求：1.设想一下班内同学的情况，适当扩展细节。
2.书写工整，100词左右。
参考词汇：full?mark 满分的 handwriting 书写听力材料
Ⅰ. 听句子，选择正确的应答语。每个句子读一遍。
1.Whose T-shirt is this?
2.Where is the photo?
3.Thanks a lot for your help.
4.What do you think Mr. Smith is?
5.Who is the owner of that book?
Ⅱ. 听短对话，选择正确的答案。每段对话读两遍。
6. W:Can birds sleep with their eyes open?
M:No, they can’t. But fish can. They have no eyelids.
7. M:Millie, where did you go last weekend?
W:I went to the park with my cousin Amy. We love chatting there.
8. M:Why did the little cat sound like a ghost?
W:It hurt one of its front legs, so when it miaowed, it made a strange noise.
9. M:Hey!Wendy.Look at the UFO. It’s moving and it has a bright light.
W:It’s not a UFO at all. It is only a plane.
10. M:Wow, what a tall man Bao Xishun is!
W:Yes,he is 2.36 meters tall and perhaps he is the tallest man in the world now.
Ⅲ.听长对话，选择答案。每段对话读两遍。
听第一段对话，回答第11至12小题。
W:Hey, Toby ,is this your English book?
M:No, it isn’t. Mine is in my drawer.
W:I found the book under your desk. I thought it’s yours.
M:It’s Sandy’s. Look! She wrote her name on the cover.
W:Oh, yes.
听第二段对话，回答第13至15小题。
M:Mom,I think I lost my backpack.
W:When did you find it was lost?
M:Just now when I was going to do my homework.
W:Where did you go before you came home?
M:I left the classroom, and then played badminton at the gym with Peter.
W:You must leave it at the gym.
M:Probably. But the gym usually closes at 5:30 pm. It’s already 6:40 now.
W:You have to get it tomorrow.
M:But I have to hand in my math homework tomorrow.
W:You’d better give your teacher a call and tell him about it.
M:OK.That’s the only way.
Ⅳ. 听短文并填空。短文读两遍。
The Terracotta Army is one of the Eight Wonders of the world. These terracotta warriors and horses were discovered in Xi’an in 1974 by some local people. The warriors were buried to protect Qin Shihuang. They had different clothes, looks and hairstyles. They had different heights from 1.83 meters to 1.95 meters. They also had different weapons in their hands. The horses were about 1.7 meters high and 2 meters long. More than 700,000 workers made the warriors and horses. They showed the high skill of the workers and the power of Qin Shihuang. Millions of people have been there to see the warriors and horses参考答案:
1~5 BACBC
6~10 BACBC
11～15 ACBCB
16.discovered 17.clothes 18.heights 19.skill 20.Millions of
21.D 宾语从句的时态通常与主句时态保持一致，故可排除C项;宾语从句应用陈述语序，故选D。
22.B turn up“调大”;pick up“捡起”;fix up“修理”;give up“放弃”。句意：清洁工人必须捡起垃圾来保持城市清洁。由句意可知只有B项符合语境，故选B。
23.A belong to sb.“属于某人”;to为介词，sb.为代词时，应用其宾格形式。故选A。
24.D 以must提问的一般疑问句，肯定回答用must(必须)，否定回答用needn’t或don’t/doesn’t have to(不必)。故选D。
25.C too...to...“太……而不能……”，to后接动词原形。
26.D have fun (in) doing sth.“做某事很开心”，为固定搭配。
27.B too much修饰不可数名词，much too修饰形容词或副词。work为不可数名词，用too much修饰;tired为形容词，用much too修饰。故选B。
28.B 形容词修饰不定代词时应置于其后，故排除A、D两项;又因本句为肯定句，应用something而不是anything，故选B。X K b1 .C o m
29.A remember/forget to do sth.“记得/忘记去做某事”，事情未做;remember/forget doing sth.“记得/忘记做了某事”，事情已做。由句意“在你离开房间时，记得关灯，别忘了关门”。“关灯”“关门”都未做，故选A。
30.A because of后跟名词(短语);而because后跟句子。the weather为名词，其前应用because of;I didn’t feel well为句子，其前应用because。故选A。
31. A noisy“吵闹的”;lonely“孤独的”;quiet“安静的”;strict“严格的”。由题干中的“talking and laughing”可知，此处选noisy符合语境。句意：所有的学生在教室里有说有笑，很吵闹。故选A。
32. D fall asleep“入睡”，是固定短语。
33. B needn’t “不必”，can’t“不可能”，mustn’t“禁止”， may not“可能不”。由答语后句句意“昨天她动身去了北京”可知那个女孩不可能是Susan。故选B。
34. A pick up“捡起;感染”;mix up“混合”;set up“建立”;use up“用光”。句意：从最近的案例来看，好像年纪大的人更容易感染H7N9。故选A。
35. C 句意：春天，公园里挤满了游客。be crowded with“被……挤满”，是固定短语。
36.C 由前句句意“他看起来好像是哑的”和后句句意“他在其他各个方面都正常”可知，选C。though意为“尽管”，在此处引导让步状语从句。
37.A 结合上文可知，此处句意应为“格林夫妇想尽一切办法让他说话，但是没有成功”。speak“说话”;walk“行走，散步”;play“玩，打(球)”;laugh“笑”，故选A。
38.C teach“教”;find“发现”;examine“检查”;ask“问”。结合句中的doctors(医生)可知本句句意应为“当Leo六岁的时候，镇上的医生对他进行了仔细检查……”。故选C。
39.A 结合上文Leo一直未说话可知，此处句意应为“只是他从未说话”。never“从不”;often“经常”;usually“通常”;always“一直”。故选A。
40.D 由下文的“他不知道他会说话”可知，此处句意应为“他的大脑可能有问题……”。back“后背”;hair“头发”;face“脸”;mind“大脑”。故选D。
41.B 由上文格林先生的话“但是他会读和写，” “我们给他写过便条，告诉他他会说话”可知，此处句意应为“这当然很奇怪……”。unfair“不公平的”;strange“奇怪的”;noisy“嘈杂的”;quiet“安静的”。故选B。
42.D 由下文“Leo上了大学”可知此处句意应为“几年过去了”。故选D。
43.C good“好的”;right“正确的”;single“单个的”;new“新的”。结合英语提示可知此处句意应为“但他从未说过一个字”。故选C。
44.B 由上文“Then one day, Leo was having a meal with his parents.”可知此处句意应为“没有任何预兆，他的目光从饭上移开抬起头说……”，故选B。
45.D 由李奥多年未说话可知格林夫妇此时的疑问是“为什么你等了这么长时间才说话?” sleep“睡觉”;walk“行走，散步”;serve“服务”;wait“等待”。故选D。
背影练习题范文第3篇
( )1. Usually, it’s easier to make decision than to take action.
A. a; an B./; an C./;/ D. a;/
( )2. In Western countries, women are always dressed white their wedding day, because white is the colour of purity.
A. on; on B. in; in C. on; in D. in; on
( )3. Wearing blue clothes can make _______ easier to feel less stressed. I will wear a blue T-shirt today.
A. that B. me C. it D. myself
( )4. — Do you think Andy can be a good policeman?
— Yes, I think so. He has the ability to stay when something dangerous happens.
A. calm B. excited C. afraid D. nervous
( )5. It’s believed that our moods are sometimes by colours. Many scientists are doing some research (研究) on this subject.
A. required B. chosen C. influenced D. explained
( )6. — Shall we watch Japanese cartoons?
— Japanese cartoons are not my cup of tea. I watch talk shows.
A. would like B. would better C. would rather D. should rather
( )7. — Why not join them in their party?
— Well, I am not invited. And I to go to the cinema.
A. prefer B. discover C. wish D. require
( )8. I can’t stop if Tom will show up at the party. We will be happy if he can come.
A. hoping B. wishing C. believing D. wondering
( )9. — What does the sentence “If you were the earth, I would rather the moon than the sun” mean?
— It means “I would like to move around you”. How sweet it sounds!
A. be B. to be C. being D. to being
( )10. — It seems that Jimmy is feeling bad about the exam.
— He needs to . A “C” is not the end of the world.
A. cheer himself up B. calm himself downC. let himself down D. warm himself up
( )11. You never know how much difficulty we had the problem. Luckily, we managed to solve it with Mrs Wu’s help.
A. working out B. work out C. worked out D. to work out
( )12. — Do you think I should wear an orange shirt today?
— Yes. orange can bring you good luck, it is good for your interview.
A. Though B. As C. But D. While
( )13. — The match is so exciting. The opposite team is really strong.
— You’re right. But I am sure our team will win!
A. if B. that C. whether D. why
( )14. — Will you buy this tie for Dad?
— I have no idea. I don’t know or not the colour matches his new shirt.
A. if B. that C. why D. whether
( )15. — I prefer western food. It’s delicious and good for us.
— ? But western food is said to be high in sugar and fat.
A. Is that right B. How do you know that
C. Do you really think so D. Who told you that
( )16. As I realized how bad the situations were, terrible feeling of fear came over me. But when I heard Mum’s warm words, feeling was gone at once.
A. a; the B. the; a C. an; the D. a; a
( )17. — You really had a long conversation with James.
— I just listened to him singing the . He lost his job again.
A. yellows B. whites C. blacks D. blues
( )18. — Can you help me repair the computer? It doesn’t work properly.
— I wish I could. But I am a .
A. green hand B. white elephant C. yellow dog D. black sheep
( )19. Tom is from Hong Kong. Sometimes I have some difficulty what he says.
A. understand B. to understand C. understanding D. to understanding
( )20. — How would you like your coffee, sir?
— .
A. Very much B. Black, please C. No, thanks D. Yes, I do二. 完形填空(共20小题，每小题1.5分;满分30分)
A
Colours often have different meanings in different cultures. In the USA, people have found the following to be 21 .
Black is the colour of power. It is also 22 in fashion because it makes people appear 23 .
White is the 24 of purity. White is thought to be a 25 colour. However, white shows dirt and is more difficult to 26 clean than other colours.
Blue is the colour of the sky and the 27 .
Peaceful blue is often used in bedrooms. Studies show that weightlifters (举重运动员) are able to 28 heavier weights in blue gyms.
Green represents 29 . It is good for our eyes. Hospitals often use green because it 30 patients and keep them peaceful.
( )21. A. false B. wrong C. bad D. true
( )22. A. unpopular B. popular C. inactive D. similar
( )23. A. thinner B. fatter C. shorter D. heavier
( )24. A. success B. system C. symbol D. survey
( )25. A. spring B. summer C. autumn D. winter
( )26. A. look B. seem C. feel D. keep
( )27. A. ocean B. woods C. mountain D. grass
( )28. A. lose B. watch C. lift D. control
( )29. A. love B. sadness C. joy D. nature
( )30. A. excites B. relaxes C. interests D. surprises
B
One day, some people set out to sea by ship. One of 31 took his pet monkey with him. 32 they were far out at sea, their ship was broken for some reasons and everyone fell into the sea, including the monkey. The monkey was sure that he would 33 his life because he couldn’t swim. Suddenly a dolphin came and put him on her back. They soon got to an island and then the monkey 34 down from the dolphin’s back.
The dolphin asked the monkey, “Do you know this 35 ?”
The monkey answered, “Yes, I do. The king of this island is my father. Do you know that I am a prince?”
36 that no one lived on the island, the dolphin said, “Well, you 37 be a prince, but now you can be a king!”
The monkey then asked, “ 38 can I be a king?”
The 39 smiled and answered, “That’s 40 . As you are the only creature (生物) on this island, you will naturally be the king!” And then she swam away, leaving the monkey alone.
The story tells us that those who lie (撒谎) may end up in trouble.
( )31. A. you B. them C. us D. themselves
( )32. A. Unless B. If C. Until D. When
( )33. A. lose B. save C. change D. drop
( )34. A. pushed B. turned C. jumped D. climbed
( )35. A. accident B. place C. movie D. experience
( )36. A. Forgetting B. Fearing C. Knowing D. Hearing
( )37. A. wouldn’t B. needn’t C. may D. could
( )38. A. How B. Which C. When D. Why
( )39. A. monkey B. prince C. king D. dolphin
( )40. A. difficult B. impossibleC. easy D. helpful三. 补全对话(共5小题;每小题1分，满分5分)
根据对话内容，从方框内的选项中选出能填入空白处的选项，其中有两个为多余选项。
A: Jenny, I am going to a birthday party tonight, but I don’t know what to wear.
B: How about the orange T-shirt? 41. It can make you happy.
A: That’s a good idea. 42.
B: Perhaps you should wear your white jeans. White is a calm colour. 43. Everyone wants to relax in the party.
A: You are right. 44. What colour should I choose?
B: Why don’t you wear a blue hat? 45.
A: Thank you. I believe I will have a good time at the party.
A. It makes people feel calm and peaceful.
B. Orange is the colour of joy.
C. And I need a hat, too.
D. What do you think about it?
E. I’m not sure about it, either.
F. I think you will look more beautiful.
G. But what should I wear to match the orange T-shirt?
四. 阅读理解(共20小题;每小题2分，满分40分)
A
Survey: What were you scared of when you were a kid?
I was scared of spiders but I didn’t let my friends know because all of them liked catching these spiders. I was terrified but I just acted cool.
— Buding, still afraid of spiders
I was scared of the dark because I didn’t know if there was something scary inside the room. As a result, I always liked sleeping with my back facing the wall because it made me a little comfortable.
— Gerard, not so afraid of the dark anymore, but still sleeps with his back facing the wall
Strange as it probably sounds, I was scared of shadows (影子). Not the shadows themselves, but what they formed (形成). Because I was near-sighted (近视的), the shadows I saw formed into the scariest things I saw in my mind.
— Jean, no longer afraid of shadows
I was afraid of the old woman who lived alone right in front of us. Very large trees covered the front part of her small house. The few times I saw the old woman, it scared me because she looked like a witch
(女巫). Once I was playing volleyball with my friends and the ball flew into her house. We all ran home quickly and decided that it was okay to lose the ball instead of seeing her come out of the house.
— Mac, who has already moved to a different house
( )46. Buding used to be afraid of .
A. the dark B. spiders
C. shadows D. an old woman
( )47. Gerard sleeps .
A. with the light on
B. with his parents
C. with the window open
D. with his back facing the wall
( )48. There is something wrong with Jean’s .
A. legs B. back
C. eyes D. feet
( )49. The old woman lived in a small house .
A. by herself B. with her daughter
C. with her husband D. with her grandmother
( )50. After the volleyball flew into the woman’s house, Mac and his friends .
A. ran home quickly
B. asked her for it
C. broke into her house
D. waited for her to come out
B
“Did you go skating a lot last year?” I asked. Jen shook her head and looked at me. Finally she said, “On Thanksgiving, Mom and I always went to visit some friends who lived on a farm. I especially loved seeing their big turkeys.”
Until then, I didn’t think about how Jen felt. She had a new stepfather (继父) and stepbrother, and had a new town and home, too. Jen and her mom used to live near a lake where Dad and I went every summer, and she had to move up north with us. She had more changes than me.
Jen seemed sad, so I was busy thinking of some ways to cheer her up on Thanksgiving. I told her my plan and she was excited. First we made a huge snowball, and then a small snowball. Then we built a wall behind the big snowball as a tail. Jen mixed some food coloring with water, saying, “We can spray (喷) colors on the tail.” Our snow turkey had a red, blue, green, and yellow tail. We were so busy that we didn’t notice our parents come outside. Dad found a hat for the
snow turkey, and Mom wrapped her scarf around its neck.
“Thanks for cheering Jen up,” Mom said. “You’re a good brother, and you always come up with great ideas.’’ A happy feeling spread through me. I began to understand how much she cared about everyone in our new family.
( )51. What did Jen do on Thanksgiving in the past?
A. She went skating with her friends.
B. She went to the farm with her mother.
C. She stayed at home with her mother.
D. She made snow turkeys with her mother.
( )52. What can we learn from the second paragraph?
A. Jen lived near a lake in the past.
B. The writer was Jen’s stepfather.
C. Jen moved up north for studying.
D. The writer just moved out of his old house.
( )53. How many people are there in Jen’s new family?
A. Two. B. Three. C. Four. D. Five.
( )54. Which of the following is the right order?
①made a small snowball ②found a hat
③made a huge snowball ④sprayed colors on the tail
⑤wrapped a scarf around the neck
⑥built a wall behind the big snowball
A. ①③⑥④②⑤ B. ①②③④⑤⑥
C. ③①⑥④②⑤ D. ③①⑥②④⑤
( )55. What can we infer (推断) from the underlined sentence?
A. Jen’s stepmother was not friendly to the writer.
B. Jen didn’t feel happy after moving here.
C. Jen’s mother did a lot to make Jen happy.
D. The writer felt happy because his stepmother liked him.C
When I was very young, I wanted to become a veterinarian (兽医) one day, because I loved animals very much, especially dogs. However, there was no room in my adult life for a dog.
Then, last year, I could not stand the fact that I developed cancer (癌症). I wanted to keep a dog, but I knew my illness made it impossible for me to keep one. In early September, to my surprise, my doctor told me that I could keep a pet as my friend, because my immune system (免疫系统) was strong to keep a pet.
The same day I went to an animal market with my friends. When I saw a 9-week-old dog with big brown eyes, nice ears and white fur all over the body, I took it home.
I’m happy these days since Oscar came into my life. My new favorite pastime is to watch him sleep, eat and run. And I have been spending more time caring about him, taking long walks with him in the park.
Now I still have the physical examination once a week at the hospital. But my illness has taken a turn for the better with the company of a dog. My immune system is getting stronger, my doctor tells me. Thanks to Oscar, my life has changed a lot.
( )56. The writer used to want to be a .
A. doctor B. teacher
C. trainer D. veterinarian
( )57. Why did the writer’s doctor advise her to keep a pet?
A. Because she developed cancer.
B. Because a dog is friendly to her.
C. Because she had a strong immune system to do that.
D. Because she had enough room in her house to keep a pet.
( )58. What does the underlined word “fur” mean in Chinese?
A. 毛皮 B. 头发
C. 爪子 D. 尾巴
( )59. The writer does the following to pass time EXCEPT .
A. see Oscar run
B. watch Oscar sleep
C. eat with Oscar together
D. take Oscar for long walks
( )60. From the passage, we can infer (推断) that .
A. the dog is hard to take care of
B. the writer is thankful to her pet dog
C. the writer’s illness gets worse than before
D. now the writer doesn’t need any physical examination
D
One little miracle (奇迹) has been happening to me recently, and it gives me a special joy.
A few months ago, I was telling my daughter, Sally, some stories about my mother. My daughter was so young when my mother died that she doesn’t remember her well. I told her all I could remember, like how wonderful my mother was and how much she meant to me.
One day, Sally was sad because her grandmother was in heaven (天堂) and she couldn’t see her. I explained that though her grandmother was dead, now she was still watching over us and could send us something to let us know she was there. She could be anywhere, even riding invisibly (看不见地) on the back of a butterfly. Just after I said this, a butterfly flew down right by us, and we laughed happily.
Now many people would say it was just luck that the butterfly flew down at that time. A funny thing, however, has happened since then. Every time I go out in any type of weather I see butterflies. Very often they fly right by my face to get my attention. I always say hi to Mum, send her my love, and thank God for little miracles.
Everyone is always looking for some big miracles to come out and save them when they are in trouble, but they don’t notice the little miracles that happen every day right in front of their eyes. I know what they really are, however. For me little miracles are the best kind. So many little miracles happen around me all the time that I know they are not just luck.
( )61. When her grandmother died, Sally was .
A. at school B. quite young
C. in trouble D. not at home
( )62. One day Sally was sad because .
A. her mother told her a sad story
B. she argued with her grandmother
C. she couldn’t see her grandmother
D. her grandmother sent her nothing special
( )63. What does the underlined word “they” refer to
(指代)?
A. Everyone. B. Butterflies.
C. Grandparents. D. Little miracles.
( )64. What is the little miracle that has been happening to Sally’s mum?
A. She has a wonderful time with her daughter.
B. She sees butterflies every time she goes out.
C. She can make her daughter laugh happily every day.
D. She often sees her mother ride on the back of a butterfly.
( )65. Which can be the BEST title for this passage?
A. Butterflies and miracles
B. Sally’s grandmother
C. Miracles are nowhere
D. A funny thing happened to Sally五. 单词拼写(共5小题;每小题1分，满分5分)
根据首字母及汉语提示，完成下列单词的拼写，使句意明确，语言通顺。
66. The bag was too heavy and the boy carried it upstairs with great d(困难).
67. Listening to music sometimes can make you forget your s(悲伤).
68. I cannot p(许诺) you anything at the moment, but I will try my best.
69. People not only in China but also from many other countries are still i(受影响) by Confucius’ thoughts.
70. — You look slimmer and healthier than before.
— Yes, I p(更喜欢) sweet snacks to vegetables before.
六、书面表达(满分15分)
学校要为初三学生订制新的校服，下面是工厂送来的图片，请你结合所学的关于颜色的知识，选择一款校服加以评价。
要求：1. 就校服的颜色以及款式加以评价;
2. 内容充实，语言流畅，书写工整;
3. 80词左右。
提示：Style A: red and white sports clothes for girls; blue and white sports clothes for boys
Style B: white shirt, dark blue skirt and red tie for girls; white shirt, dark blue trousers and red tie for boys1-5 DDCAC 6-10 CADAA
11-15 ABBDC 16-20 ADACB
21-25 DBACB 26-30 DACDB
31-35 BDACB 36-40 CCADA
41-45 BGACF 46-50 BDCAA
51-55 BACCB 56-60 DCACB 61-65 BCDBA
66. difficulty 67. sadness 68. promise 69. influenced 70. preferred
背影练习题范文第4篇
【关键词】 全球供应链 西部企业 产业转移 商贸物流
一、西部企业承接产业转移及对现代国际供应链的需求
代工之王富士康的“跳楼事件”，本田中国组装厂工人的罢工事件，以及一系列制造业劳工问题所带来的连锁反应，突显出中国目前制造业的困境。中国东部沿海地区以代工方式发展起来的制造业，正面临生产要素价格上涨、人民币升值、民工短缺、能源稀缺高耗的影响。在失去劳动力优势与环境压力不断增加的大环境下，产业向更具成本优势和资源优势的地区转移已是大势所趋。对于西部的企业来说，通过承接转移产业，更多地吸收当地丰富的劳动力资源，发挥资源优势，缩小与东部企业的差距，是一次良好的发展机遇。
另一方面，随着全球一体化的发展，企业与企业之间的竞争转变为跨国界供应链与供应链之间的竞争。传统供应链正在朝着全球一体化供应链的方向发展，成为一个跨职能、跨地域和跨商业合作伙伴的更具整合和协作特点的供应链。中国作为“世界工厂”和世界上最大的市场，也将越来越深入地参与到这条全球供应链中。随着产业转移的进行，西部企业也正在逐渐成为这条供应链上的一个重要环节。然而，全球供应链发展的新特点，也对西部企业提出了不同于以往的挑战。尽管西部企业加入全球供应链的脚步势不可挡，但仍有一些问题在阻碍着它们更好地发挥自己的角色作用。西部企业应当如何发挥自身优势，把握机遇，在全球供应链中占据较为优势的地位，是值得我们思考的问题。
二、全球供应链发展的新趋势
伴随着全球化的进程，企业面临着日益复杂和激烈的竞争环境。为了降低成本和提高销售量，企业必须立足全球，建立全球范围的业务以达到规模效益；为了更好地以客户为中心提品和服务，企业必须提高反应速度，掌握应对多变要求的能力。因此，企业不得不管理更加复杂的跨国物流和分销。传统意义上的供应链被拉长了，延伸成了一个跨地区、跨国家的供应链，订单的交付时间也变长了。与此同时，企业还面临着全球范围的市场中不同需求、不同偏好所带来的挑战。在这样的背景下，全球供应链正逐渐向着一体化发展。
与传统的线性模式的供应链不同，全球一体化供应链具有网状、集约化的特征。在传统的线性模式下，供应链上的各个节点独立进行各自的业务，缺乏相互之间的沟通与协作，而且信息系统各自独立，因此时常会有脱节的情况。相比之下，全球一体化供应链整合了供应链上全部的信息流，强调供应链上各方的战略合作与信息共享。通过与合作伙伴的协作，企业得以迅速发现全球各地市场的机会，更灵活地应对顾客需求，更好地维护和发展客户关系，发挥本地优势，充分利用一体化供应链内信息的自由流动来提高企业价值创造的效率。
因此，全球一体化供应链的建立，对于供应链上的各方企业都提出了新的挑战。首先，新的供应链必须提高反应速度，与竞争对手相比，要以同样速度或者更快地将产品送到顾客手中，以及根据市场中的变化对供应链做出及时调整。其次，新的供应链应当保持良好的信息透明度，具备从原料采购到产品配送环节信息全面的监控和管理，使供应链各方都能参与到管理中来。再次，新的供应链应当具备控制可变性的能力，减少非预见性的活动对供应链的影响。随着企业在全球市场的开拓，企业所面临的风险也在增加，应当尽早识别和预防。最后，应当从全局的角度看待供应链的优化和改进，实现全球资产和效率的最大化。
三、西部企业竞争能力SWOT分析
1、优势分析。西部地区的自然资源丰富，这成为了西部企业发展的天然优势。这些富足的资源使相关产业获得了低成本的优势，获得可持续发展。此外，西部地区富余劳动力较多尤其对一些劳动密集型产业和资源密集型产业有较大的吸引力。
政府支持是西部企业得以发展的最大外在推动力。近年来，政府出台了“鼓励东部地区向中西部地区进行产业转移”“增加西部大开发投资”等政策，促进了西部企业的发展。
2、劣势分析。地理位置是制约西部地区承接产业转移的因素之一。西部地区地质地貌复杂，环境条件恶劣，交通设施不发达，且深居内陆，远离海岸线，缺少优质的出海口，在西部地区的企业虽然有价格优势但丧失了运输成本低廉的优势。这在一定程度上制约了西部企业的发展。
制度和政策因素也是一方面原因。由于西部地方政府在制度执行方面的滞后和低效，使得经济运行成本大大增加，在某种程度上甚至阻碍了西部企业的发展。甚至在某些地区，地方保护主义盛行，不同地域之间资源的自由流动变得相当困难。
3、机会分析。由于东部地区经济发展和产业集聚的影响，一些传统产业饱受成本上升的压力，其发展空间受到限制，致使产业利益逐渐缩小。西部地区的要素价格相对低廉，这些产业在西部还有潜在优势。另外，面对未充分开发的西部市场，足够的潜在需求可激发企业进一步扩大产业规模，推动产业升级，增强竞争力。
4、威胁分析。中国制造业除了面临人工成本不断上涨、产品利润日益微薄，以及人民币升值预期外，还面临着来自东南亚国家更低成本的挑战。与东南亚国家相比，我们的成本已经不再具有明显的优势，已经开始出现产业转移到东南亚的现象。但是尽管如此，东南亚的基础配套包括物流、交通、原材料供应等都不完善，工人也需要培训，从总体上来说，成本也并不低。
由上文可以看出，西部地区廉价的劳动力、土地和丰富的资源，使西部企业在全球市场中具备了一定的竞争优势。随着东部沿海地区产业转移的进行，西部企业得以获得更多的机会加入全球供应链中，成为这条供应链上的一环，参与国际竞争，从而实现自身实力的提升。但是，西部企业同样面临着许多问题尚待解决。偏远的地理位置、趋向于封闭的文化、经济发展的落后性，都给西部企业加入一体化的国际供应链制造了障碍。
四、西部企业享受全球供应链一体化的障碍
正如上文所述，西部企业的主要优势在于劳动力、土地和资源。然而，尽管人工成本高低、原料价格等这些因素对于降低供应链成本来说十分重要，但是在一体化的供应链下，应更多考虑从全局的角度优化供应链以降低成本。在这个网络中，各个节点各种因素之间相互协作，相互牵制，某个局部的变革可能牵一发而动全身影响到整条产业链的利益。因此我们不能单单看重局部的改进，而是要衡量对于全局的优化效果。从一体化管理的角度来看，准确的生产和库存安排、流畅的流程、上下游之间的有效协作、迅速而可靠的物流，都有可能有效降低整条产业链的整体成本并使所有成员的成本都得到降低。
相较于我国东部沿海地区，西部地区地理位置偏远，远离消费市场；运输的基础设施差，交通运输不够发达；整体来说，比较闭塞和落后。要融入到全球供应链中，与供应链上的其他企业进行战略协作，成为一个一体化、透明化的过程；并着眼于全球，与全球市场的脉搏同变化，这对于西部企业来说，是一个前所未有的难题。具体来说，挑战来自以下几方面。
1、产品与资源的连续自由流动障碍。尽管东部沿海地区的产业转移将一部分企业带到了西部，但是，整条产业链并没有完全复制过来。这将对西部企业的产品与资源的流动性造成障碍。
东部沿海地区的发展一个成功的模式就是产业集群。在一个相对完整的产业集群中，包括了从上游原料供应到下游销售的全部企业，企业集聚在一个相对较小的地域内。处于产业集群中的企业，能够较为轻松地获得所需的原料、物流等，与其上下游保持着良好的互动关系。由于地域上的临近，资源和信息的流动速度更快，流动更容易，成本也更低。
这样的产业集聚效应，需经历长期的发展摸索，在目前西部企业发展的初期很难形成。而且，由于西部地区自身地理条件和基础设施的制约，以及来自地方保护主义和地方法规的挑战，也增加了产品和资源自由流动的难度，也提高了交易成本。
2、长订单交付周期和高物流成本。西部企业普遍面临着订单交付时间过长的问题。一方面来说，这是西部企业的生产能力所致，高效优质的生产能力和熟练工人的培养还需经过较长的一个过程。另一方面，受制于运输基础设施落后和物流网络的不成熟，西部企业不得不在物流上花费更高的成本和更多的时间。很多时候订单的延误和出错正是出问题在物流上。交付周期的拉长也使得企业的库存成本上升了。
从全球供应链的角度看，跨国企业在全球内所寻找的，一是最优成本，二是更灵活的市场能力。从这个角度来说，这一问题的存在甚至可能抵消掉西部企业所拥有的土地、劳动力优势，威胁到其在全球产业链中的竞争能力。
3、信息共享与协作机制相对落后。信息共享是实现有效协作的关键。在一个企业的内部，这包括对产品研发、原材料采购、生产线分配和物流周期等信息的共享，在整个供应链上则包括对价格、订单细节、产品规范、库存水平及客户概况等信息的共享。
由于西部地区的长期闭塞和落后，西部企业形成了一种趋向于封闭的文化。西部企业普遍对企业内部的信息开放和共享并不看重。而对于企业外部的信息共享，他们更多地持有警惕的态度。也即是说，他们并没有意识到信息共享对于企业的重要性，甚至对它抱有抵触心理。
全球一体化供应链的关键在于，企业必须致力于与供应链上企业建立战略合作伙伴关系和协作机制。这种关系的建立，自由和共享的信息是基础。西部地区协作文化的欠缺和对外部企业缺乏信任对这一基础的建立是一种阻碍。此外，信息交换同样会带来成本，对于多数西部企业来说，并不愿意在交换平台的建设上进行投入，交换平台普遍不成熟。
4、市场反应与沟通效率较为滞后。由于西部地区远离经济发达地区，快速响应和沟通的困难成为了建立一体化的供应链所必须面对的问题。这其中包括基础设施方面的问题，如交通设施的落后导致无法及时高效地把产品送到消费市场；能源短缺造成生产中断；通信覆盖范围有限造成信息系统透明度低等。也包括制度、地域政治方面的因素，行政效率的低下，各种制度上的限制和地方保护使得事件应对和处理的速度严重下降。
但是，最主要的问题仍在企业中。如对市场变动不敏感，信息系统的不通畅，上下游环节的脱钩，需求与供应的不同步，这样的问题在西部企业中尤为突出。在越是不发达的地区，信息的滞后和混乱程度就越是明显。这使得企业对产品的周期规划和预测缺乏，订单交付时间延长、频繁脱销或库存压力加大，无法较好地应对市场需求。
5、西部企业核心竞争力总体较弱。西部地区经济落后，差距在企业，而西部企业发展落后，实质是缺乏核心竞争力。西部企业竞争力的基本特征可以概括为：企业经济规模偏小，劳动生产率偏低；企业自主品牌建设薄弱，竞争力缺乏；企业研究开发投入不足，技术创新能力不强；企业资产质量不佳，赢利能力欠缺；企业人才机制不健全，流失严重；企业管理观念陈旧，水平较低。
五、让西部企业更好利用全球供应链一体化的对策
供应链的核心在于给客户提品和服务。这一系列的过程包括，感知客户需求，以最低成本提供给客户，并以更好更快的方式送到客户手中。这并不是一个孤立的过程，在这其中涉及到了多方企业之间相互协作、战略共享。因此，对于目前的西部企业而言，仅仅能做到低成本产品提供是不够的。
当然，要求这些西部企业立即达到高水平的一体化并不现实。但是，可以利用位于内陆城市和重要贸易口岸的之间的物流枢纽城市，把它们与位于中国中部和沿海地区的更加一体化的供应链网络连接起来，以提高西部企业一体化管理的能力，以更好地适应国际供应链的新变化。针对上文所分析的西部地区实际情况，建议政府与企业可以从以下几个方面着手。
1、政府提高基础设施水平。西部地区运输、通信网络等基础设施的落后正严重阻碍着西部企业与外界信息与资源的传递、沟通和共享。在现有条件下，西部企业一方面必须投入更高的成本来及时获取信息和资源；另一方面，西部企业不得不投入额外的人力物力，用于解决基础设施落后所带来的流通不便、差错率提高等问题，承担信息不对称带来的市场反应不及时的后果。
2、政府促进发挥企业集聚效应。上下游企业集聚的好处在于，它使得供应链内企业之间的距离缩短，有效地降低了企业交易成本，提高了供应链的效率。因此，西部地区在参与全球供应链的过程中，也要注意改善当地环境，大力发展商贸物流，吸引其上下游企业，实现产业集聚，从整体上降低成本。
背影练习题范文第5篇
一、利用课后习题，掌握课文内容
初中语文课本中，苏教版许多课后习题设计时，大多数是为了帮助理解课文大意而设定的。语文老师在教学过程中可充分利用这些习题，在完成复习要求的基础上，适当地引导学生带着问题去阅读文章，进而复习课文重点。在复习时充分利用课后练习题，可以让学生更加清晰地理清课文思路，更好地把握课文重点。
例如在对《背影》这一课进行复习时，练习第一题为：文章多次对父亲的背影进行了叙述，试问每次背影是在什么情况下出现的？为什么作者止不住流下泪水？语文老师在复习时可以将此题引入，通过对学生的提问，引导学生思维运转，促进学生综合能力的提高。学生在回答此题前，必须经过缜密的思考，这样就会回忆起文章的重点和脉络，并对父子之间的感情有了更加充分的认识。其中第一次背影的出现是在祖母去世，父亲也失业，家庭窘困的情况下出现的，此时父亲为儿子所做的比正常情况下更加可贵，这次流泪的原因是感动；第二次背影的出现是在父亲离开时，作者看到父亲融入茫茫人海中，离别情绪充溢，因此留下了不舍的泪水；第三次背影的出现是读信时，作者想到父亲的生活艰苦、颓唐，流出了伤心的泪水。
在以上的举例中我们可以看出，课后的练习为学生们提供了一种行之有效的复习方式即：“再读――归纳”过程，这个环节对学生知识记忆提供了很大的帮助，使学生将书本知识转为自己的知识。
二、通过课后练习，巩固基础知识
在语文复习课上课时，老师可以通过课后习题，加深学生对基础知识的影响，语文老师可适当的选择课后习题，将语文教材里面经常出现及教学大纲要求的一些常用的、容易出错的字词，进行加强训练。语文老师可以通过课后练习中的“读一读、写一写”这道题进行设计，拿出合理的方案，帮助学生巩固字词。另外课后习题中还专门有为练习字词设计的习题，这类题目对学生灵活运用所学字词，有着很好的提高作用，这种题目在大多数文言文课文后出现。如课文《桃花源记》课后练、区分下列句子中加点词语在句中的含义：①便要（邀请）还家；②既出，得其（他的、自己的这里代指渔人）船；③醒能述以（用）文者。这些练习可以让学生了解同一词语在不同语境及不同句子中的作用是不同的，最终将使学生熟练灵活的运用各种词句。
另外，初中学生也应该有着体味和推敲重要句子在文章中含义和作用的能力。在上语文复习课时，语文老师通过课后练习，加强对学生语句理解能力的训练，通过学生自己对这些句子的推敲及分析，使其掌握理解和运用语言文字的技巧，最终提高学生的综合阅读能力。例如《木兰诗》课后练，分析下列句子，并说出哪些运用了互文手法：①东市买骏马，西市买鞍鞯；②将军百战死，壮士十年归；③开我东阁门，坐我西阁床；④当窗理云鬓，对镜帖花黄。这些句子中大多数运用了互文的手法，语文老师在对该题进行复习时，不但可以通过古文翻译加强学生的阅读和翻译古文的功底，而且在这个环节加深了学生对互文这个手法的学习，加强了学生灵活运用古文中的实词、虚词以及各种语法的能力，另外，复习时老师也应该根据不同的文章类型，在翻译时不能一味强调将文章变为散文。语文老师在进行这些复习后，最终力求使学生掌握翻译简单文言文的能力，并且使得翻译过后文章句意表达明确、清晰。著名的语言学家苏霍姆林曾经说过：“一个人到学校上学，不仅为了获得一份知识的行囊，而主要是获得多方面的学习能力，学会思考。”在复习过程中，语文老师应该教会学生运用知识解决问题的能力。
三、对课后习题进行研究、力求系统化
