隔壁阿姨
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隔壁阿姨范文第1篇
Key words： arbitrary； non-arbitrariness； language
How arbitrary is language？ To a large degree，language is arbitrary. Saussure puts in his book，“The bond between the signifier and the signified is arbitrary”. According to Saussure，Arbitrariness means “There is generally no relationship between the form of a word and its meaning”.
To better explain this，look at the example “book” in English. The word “book” is used to signify a book in the real world as we all understand. However，we cannot clearly explain why a book is signified by a word “book /buk/” in English. Looking at the word form “book” and we find the arrangement of words （b-o-o-k） or the pronunciation “/buk/” shows no visual or perceptible characters of a real book. If we name the book “cat” and name the cat “book”，it is still acceptable. Both the two words “cat” and “book” are just “symbols” we create to address the entity we want to refer to. In this sense，we can also create other names for the same entity. That is why different languages have different words to signify a book （e.g. “book” in English，“livre” in French，“书” in Chinese ），and there is no reason to say that “livre” is more preferable to “book” as they are both equally “symbols”. So there is no intrinsic connection between the word form and its meaning.
But there are exceptions to prove that language is not always arbitrary，that is，non-arbitrariness in language，represented by onomatopoetic words and iconicity.
Onomatopoetic words （onomatopoeia，ideophones），generally resemble sounds made by humans，animals and actions on a natural basis，such as “hiss” （long sound to show disapproval） in English，“mio” （cry characteristic of a cat） in French，“呼呼” （sound of blowing wind） in Chinese. Phonologically，onomatopoetic words signify sounds and bear a natural relationship between its phonological shape and its meaning.
Iconicity，which means?“the?form，?length，?complexity，?or?interrelationship?of?elements?in?a?linguistic?representation?reflects?the?form，?length，?complexity，?or?interrelation?of?elements?in?the?concept，?experience，?or?communicate?strategy?that?that?representation?encodes.”（Newmeyer，1998） Iconicity generally refers to the re-semblance between the form of a word and its referent.
A typical example is hieroglyph （i.e. iconic or graphic language and words），like Chinese characters whose forms resemble real entities in the world. For example，“田” （plot，field） shows the vivid image of divided pieces of the field in the countryside； “伞” （umbrella） looks like a real umbrella unfolded with cover，ribs and handle. When we look at the words，we can manage to guess and understand its meaning. Obviously there is visual connection between the meaning of the word and its iconic form.
Morphologically，iconicity also exists in word-forming process，such as inflection，reduplication，compounding，etc. Someone who dances is called “dancer”，someone who sings is called a “singer”，then we can conclude that a “teacher” is somebody who teaches and a “painter” is somebody who paints. The word “X-er” corresponds to a certain kind of people who conducts the action implied by the stem “X”. In other languages are examples of reduplication，as in Thai，“dek7-dek7” （children） bears plural meaning in comparison with “dek7” （child） by reduplication of morphemes，so the form of the word represents some meaning of its signified entity. Compounding is easily found in French as the word “grand-pere” （grandfather） takes compounded meaning of two single words which can be seen by its form.
However，non-arbitrariness is itself inevitably arbitrary. The supporters （e.g. affixes，ways of word-formation） used to form onomatopoeia or iconicity are also “signifiers” created by human beings. That is why English use suffix “-s” to indicate plural form （e.g. child-children） whereas Thai use reduplication （dek7 ： child -- dek7 dek7 ： children），both of which are “artificial signifiers of the plural form of a word”.
Syntactically，arbitrariness is also applicable. Different languages have different ways to organize words into a sentence. But we should also realize the existence of non-arbitrariness，as in many languages the rules of syntax are somehow similar. The division of word categories and the words’ order and positions follow certain rules，and there is a certain sequence of clauses that can be applied to most languages.
From?the?previous?discussion，?we?can?draw?the?conclusion?that arbitrariness and non-arbitrariness work together to complete a language. It seems that they contradict?to?each?other，but they actually coexist as a whole in the same unity.
References
[1]De?Saussure，Ferdinand.?Course?in?General?Linguistics[M].McGrao-Hill Book Company，2001，p67
[2]Newmeyer，?Frederich?J.?Language?Form?and?Language?Function[M].?Cambridge：?The?MIT?Press，?1988，p114
[3]YANG Guang-yuan，SHI Xian-jian，The Formation of Thai Compound Words，Journal of Yunnan Nationalities University （social sciences edition），2010，27（1），p134
隔壁阿姨范文第2篇
Nexage首席市场营销官Victor Milligan说，“CPMs将继续增加，还有可能加速”。该公司认为CPMs的增加是由于玩家价值观的转变，导致了地理位置，人口因素和设备平台方面的相对变化，移动广告的ROI急需提高。
Nexage通过其Nexage Exchange平台对移动广告进行追踪，该服务可以让发行商和广告商们通过实时竞标(RTB)方式销售广告。该公司还为付费的发行商和广告买家提供私人的交换服务。
在Nexage公司的一项旨在提供移动广告动态，趋势和决定移动广告形态的深度季度分析中，该公司称，多媒体和视频广告目前占全部移动广告的四分之一还要多(26%)。
“发行商们在这方面投入还在增加”，他说。“多媒体广告或者可扩展广告更适合宣传。尤其是在智能机和平板平台上，这两种广告能带来更好的体验和效果，以后这两种形式的广告会持续增加”。
据Nexage称，品牌移动广告投入预计占广告总预算的1%，不过该公司预计这方面的投入会在明年增加到7%。Milligan说品牌广告在各个方面都是不断增加的，从印刷方式到数字方式，再到如今转向移动领域，不过该报告补充说，这可能需要一个转变过程。
“一个非常明显的趋势将会变成移动优先”，他说。“更重要的是，不能最后一个转向移动广告。许多的品牌目前都在想办法找到移动领域广告的最佳方式，不能让消费者在移动上获取广告对于品牌来说已经失去了意义，以后将有更多向移动广告领域进军的，这方面的广告预算将继续增加”。
隔壁阿姨范文第3篇
Didi is an app based on which passengers could call taxis and pay the fees. Those taxi-calling apps， as well as the mobile shopping， and “red bag” of WeChart， have become hot words in the Chinese Internet world. Behind these is the explosive development of mobile payment.
However， when the rage of mobile payment has made many people know the conveniences of this innovation， it also reveals several defects of this pat- tern， the most debated and important one of which is： is your mobile wallet safe enough？
The cracks and bugs in the safety of QR code payment， which were revealed in the “March 15 evening” （an event to have a collective revelation of quality problems of products and services in China）， has unnerved many consumers. Many people， including the mobile payment service suppliers， have recognized that the safety issue might be straining the mobile payment and hindering its development. Therefore， how to lower the risk of mobile payment has become the most popular topic in that industry. In addition， some experts said that NFC （Near Field Communication） payment， mobile U-shield and “universal card in cities” are to be the highlights of the competition in mobile payment in the future.
The Increase in Mobile Payment on Holiday
Every “May 1st” holiday is the peak time of tourism. This year’s holiday is not an exception. And， with the development of the smart devices， people’s travel is more and more closely related to the mobile payment.
Travelzoo， a famous website of tourism， recently published The Report of the Trend of Tourism in Asian-Pacific Area in 2014， which mentioned the three trends of mobile payment in the tourism.
No. 1： the Chinese people have the biggest willingness to try mobile payment during their travel. In the entire Asian area， 50% of the respondents are willing to use mobile devices to pay for their travel， while 73% of Chinese people are willing to do so.
No. 2： the single value of the mobile payment order increased fast. Among all users that have ordered and paid for the tourism products via mobile devices， 45% paid the amount of between 300 and 1800 yuan； 26% of them have paid for the order or products with the value higher than 3，600 yuan.
No. 3： more and more people are willing to pay through the mobile webpages. According to the statistical data in 2013， 34% of the users are willing to pay via apps’ 40% prefer webpages while 17% and 9% are willing to pay via Microblog and WeChat.
Prof. Lu Yanjie from Beijing University of Post and Communications， who is also the vice predent of Beijing Council of Information Economy， said that the “great willingness of users to make big payment through mobile devices will become the new features of the mobile payment for the tourism in the next few years.”
In addition， such a trend also urged many Internet platforms into actions. They are all busy launching promotional events to contend for the ever-growing pie. The “May 1st” holiday was just a beginning as more actions will come at heels in the following time.
New Measures of Traditional Financial Institutions
The practitioners are sparing no efforts in spreading the mobile payment. He Xinchu， vice general manager of China Mobile’s payment department， said that the company will give users who buy the smartphones with NFC functions the subsidies of 30 yuan per unit in order to promote the NFC ter-minals. Alipay， the biggest payment tool in China， launched the new version of mobile payment， allowing the users to recharge their bus cards via NFC...
The mobile payment， which serves as an important access to the realm of mobile Internet， is repeatedly growing its applications. New patterns of online and offline businesses emerge out and combine several industries. Along with this are the increasing safety awareness of users and the improved protection measures. Therefore， it is widely believed that the mobile payment is going to keep its high-speed growth in the year of 2014.
Even the traditional financial institutions in China， which claimed to be greatly threatened by the mobile payment， have to turn to this new pattern. UnionPay recently united with Bank of Communications and mobile phone manufacturer ZTE to launch their own mobile payment product “Mini IC Card”， which was initially used in Guangdong for experimental purposes. This new product based on the financial IC card is said to be able to grab the users with its convenient， user-friendly and safe features.
It is known that the “Mini IC Card”is a financial IC card as small as a SIM card. Users need to input this card in the designated mobile phones with the NFC function and can realize the fast payment on UnionPay’s terminals compatible with the “flash payment”. In addition， when users install relevant Apps onto their smartphones， they can enjoy multiple distances like cash transmittance， recharging communication fees and repaying the credit card balance. They could also find the information about promotional events staged by the retailers near their locations.
Coincidentally， Industrial and Commercial Bank of China （ICBC）， the largest bank in this country， launched its own e-banking payment tool “e-payment of ICBC” in early May. This new product is said to allow users to finish the payment and transmittance valuing lower than 3000 yuan via PC or mobile terminals without any other devices or services.
According to the promotional article from the website of ICBC， all users that have activated the direct online payment in their ICBC accounts or connected their third-party payment tools to ICBC can finish the payment via“e-payment of ICBC” with almost one button as long as they have activated this function.
All they need is a mobile phone which could receive the verification code ICBC send them for their application of payment. It is similar to the champion Alipay’s methods， but the “epayment of ICBC” now caps the value of single payment at 3000 yuan， lower than the one Alipay previous allowed.
“The ICBC set this limit in consideration of the safety of users’ information， privacy and account，” said Lu Yanjie. “This also affected Alipay， since all users have connected their Alipay accounts to the bank cards of ICBC or other banks in China. It is apparent that the traditional financial institutions are using both the innovative and administrative methods to compete with the new payment pattern brought by the technologies.”
Frequent Bugs Call for Uniformed Standards
Wang Weidong， an analyst from iResearch， said that Chinese banks’lowering the upper limit of mobile payment was a result of their concerns over the safety issues in that field. Their worries are not groundless. There are a lot of reports about the stolen identities and assets from Alipay and other fast payment tools， showing that the convenience of the rising technology is accompanied by the bugs.
Banks， which have the obligations to protect their users’ assets， of course do not want to pay for the loss of users’assets caused by the bugs and problems of the third-payment tools.
According to the latest statistical data from Baidu， the biggest worries that haunt the mobile payment users include the possible abuse of the mobile payment accounts if they lose their smartphone， the stolen accounts and passwords of e-banking， the possible disruption by virus and Trojan programs， and the traps of fishing sites.
On April 8， the OpenSSL’s safety issues were found and used， bringing damages to over 30 thousand mainframes in China. 30% of the sites starting with https， including Taobao， NetEast and other large websites， are not free from the influence. 50% of the mobile e-banking accounts based on smartphones are reportedly exposed to risks. This incident is considered to be a turning event of Internet safety in China.
The current way of identification in mobile Internet is largely based on the verification code in the SMS sent to users’ mobile phones. Therefore， once the SIM card is duplicated or the mobile phone is hacked to have the SMS moved to another designated mobile phone， the wrongdoers might control the users’ mobile phones without letting them know and steal their assets behind the doors.
“This is particularly the case in the mobile payment， since the SMS-based verification is commonly used， an easy target for the hackers，” said the expert.
“Mobile payment can be simply explained in a two-way pattern： users send the payment order to the servers of banks， including the receiver’s account and payment amount， via smartphones and tablets， and in return the banks’servers send a verification code with which the users can finish the payment. The criminals might cut off one way of this pattern by hacking the users’ mo- bile phones to transfer the assets，” said Wang Weidong.
That’s why ICBC and other commercial banks are shrinking the access to the fast payment tools. “We are going to clear out the access of third-payment tools to banking accounts of us and apply a uniformed rule with other banks，”said Li Zhenjiang， managing director of Agricultural Bank of China.
隔壁阿姨范文第4篇
有一次，我正在家里看电视，突然听见“砰”的一声，走到屋外一看，原来是王阿姨把房门锁上，到厨房里做晚饭了。过了一会儿，就听见她“哎呀”叫了一声：“我忘把钥匙拿出来了！”
这时，王阿姨急得想热锅上的蚂蚁直转圈，不知怎么办才好。还是妈妈有办法，让王阿姨请来开锁匠才打开了房门。可她那顿饭折腾到很晚才烧好。
还有一次，快接近中午了，王阿姨家来了客人。王阿姨急急忙忙买来菜，围上围裙，忙着做饭。
隔壁阿姨范文第5篇
"你又被你妈赶出来了?"隔壁的田阿姨问.
她是个很善良的阿姨,每次我被妈妈赶出来她都会帮助我.
"恩."我说,脸狭的雨珠滴落下来.
"唉!可怜啊!还没吃饭吧?"她问.
"是."我说.
"那去我们家吃吧!"她说,每次都是那么和蔼.
"恩."我说.
"水水,你来了!"海天说.
他是田阿姨的的儿子,比我大两个月.
"恩."我说.
"快去给她拿一件衣服."田阿姨说.
"可是,这里没有女生的衣服啊?"他抓着头说.
"那就用你的衣服好了."田阿姨说.
"好!她能穿就行,我去拿."他跑进屋.
"哇!这么大!!"田阿姨说.
镜子里的我真是怪啊!衣服挽了一结,裤子挽了一结,他那么高啊,我只有1.64米这么高.
田阿姨做的饭真是好吃啊,田阿姨微笑的看着我,妈妈曾经也是这样,在五岁之前.
"看,水水多可爱啊!"田阿姨说.
我的脸红了.
"喂!我妈妈很喜欢你哦!以后常来吧!"他说.
"是啊!水水以后常来吧!"田阿姨说.
"恩,好啊!"这个家的温暖让我不可以拒绝.
"好了,吃完饭去写作业吧!"田阿姨边收拾边说.
"走吧!水水."他说.
"哦!借我的的说呦!"我说.
......
我的日记:
4月3日
