前言:想要写出一篇令人眼前一亮的文章吗?我们特意为您整理了5篇理想文章范文,相信会为您的写作带来帮助,发现更多的写作思路和灵感。
其他的研究发现如下:
1、在所有内容类别中,包含相关图片的内容都表现的更好。
2、同一类型的文章,包含一个相关的照片或图标的文章,平均的总流量比之前未包含的增加94%。
3、像新闻、政治和体育方面的内容,若包含图像的话,效果会更甚,因为这些类别的内容在网络上会重复出现。
4、经过搜索优化的图片说明和元数据能更进一步的提升效果。
5、包含图像的内容,不仅能在搜索结果中表现的更好,分享率也更高一些。
所以,图像所产生的差异并不只是一点点,而是相当的大的,如此看来,总编和内容创造者是要发挥很大的作用的。比如杂志,杂志的封面只有一个目的:被打开,设计就是至关重要的一个因素,就如同内容的标题一样。
在添加图像和做找版面设计时,要注意的几点:
1、定位好内容创造者的位置。
2、在博客的所有内容中都添加上图像。
3、检查所有的内容,确保它们具有视觉吸引力。
4、可以的话,给所有的图像都标上元标签和描述。
下面是小编带来的坚持美丽梦想和追忆似水年华的英语励志文章,欢迎阅读!
英语励志文章——坚持美丽梦想
Whatever the past, but no matter how the future will be, we should have no reason to let oneself become a commonplaces doing nothing. Every failure in revealing, we actually not far from success, our dream will not take long to deliver period also, the key is whether we decided to make a people fly higher. Every consciousness awakening, in to enrich our spiritual world, we should learn from infinite strength, to break through the traditional set of deeply ashamed to transcend self, to become a strive to rise in the often hurt often war.
May have been disappointed, but you should go to believe that "life is full of hope, a former routing I create".
Perhaps once frustrated, but should go to adhere to the "package to shame who shame is a man...... return unknown".
Life may have in debt to us, but you should go to stick to "the dreams of the beautiful" of tomorrow.
New era of rapidly changing, don't be in pain cannot extricate oneself, with its self-imposed torture and towards perdition, less strenuous work, actively strive for and pursue their desire for things. At any time, all want to stick to the dream, adhere to the principle, believe yourself, only in this way can let oneself fly higher. "Children in sichuan yue: the dead Ruth's husband! Working round." We will try to spend more time trying to, rather than the destruction of the past, not to mention to lazy to look for any excuse yourself, because "an inch of time an inch of gold, an inch of gold will not buy inch of time", what we want to establish yourself to become a man, at the same time establish life ideal.
One thing we need to know, can only be proud winner says, "the sky leave no trace, but I am glad I have had my flight." So, as we failed, or is working but not successful people, we want to achieve your dream, you must know how I should use gesture to fly.
不管过去是什么,但不管将来会怎样,我们都应该没有理由让自己变成一个凡夫俗子无所事事。每一次失败的揭示,其实离我们的成功并不遥远,我们的梦想也不会用很长时间来实现,关键是我们是否决定让一个人飞得更高。每一次意识的觉醒,都要在丰富我们的精神世界中,汲取无穷的力量,突破传统的一套深感惭愧的自我超越,成为一场奋起于常受伤害的战争。
可能已经失望了,但你应该去相信“生活充满了希望,一条我创造的前路”。
也许曾经失意,但应该去坚持“包袱羞耻谁是男人。。。。。。返回未知”。
生活也许欠我们一笔债,但你应该坚持明天的“美丽梦想”。
新时代日新月异,不要在痛苦中不能自拔,用自己强加的折磨和走向灭亡,少做艰苦的工作,积极争取和追求自己对事物的渴望。任何时候,都要坚持梦想,坚持原则,相信自己,只有这样才能让自己飞得更高。”四川的孩子们:死去的露丝的丈夫!周而复始。“我们会尽量花更多的时间去尝试,而不是毁灭过去,更不用说懒得为自己找任何借口,因为”一寸光阴一寸黄金,一寸黄金也买不到一寸时间“,我们要把自己树立成一个男人,同时树立人生理想。
有一件事我们需要知道,只能骄傲的赢家说,“天空没有留下痕迹,但我很高兴我有了我的飞行。”所以,当我们失败了,或者是正在工作却不成功的人,我们要实现你的梦想,你必须知道我应该如何用手势飞行。
英语励志文章——追忆逝水年华
Can it really be sixty-two years ago that I first saw you?
It is truly a lifetime, I know. But as I gaze into your eyes now, it seems like only yesterday that I first saw you, in that small café in Hanover Square.
From the moment I saw you smile, as you opened the door for that young mother and her newborn baby. I knew. I knew that I wanted to share the rest of my life with you.
I still think of how foolish I must have looked, as I gazed at you, that first time. I remember watching you intently, as you took off your hat and loosely shook your short dark hair with your fingers. I felt myself becoming immersed in your every detail, as you placed your hat on the table and cupped your hands around the hot cup of tea, gently blowing the steam away with your pouted lips.
From that moment, everything seemed to make perfect sense to me. The people in the café and the busy street outside all disappeared into a hazy blur. All I could see was you.
All through my life I have relived that very first day. Many, many times I have sat and thought about that the first day, and how for a few fleeting moments I am there, feeling again what is like to know true love for the very first time. It pleases me that I can still have those feelings now after all those years, and I know I will always have them to comfort me.
Not even as I shook and trembled uncontrollably in the trenches, did I forget your face. I would sit huddled into the wet mud, terrified, as the hails of bullets and mortars crashed down around me. I would clutch my rifle tightly to my heart, and think again of that very first day we met. I would cry out in fear, as the noise of war beat down around me. But, as I thought of you and saw you smiling back at me, everything around me would be become silent, and I would be with you again for a few precious moments, far from the death and destruction. It would not be until I opened my eyes once again, that I would see and hear the carnage of the war around me.
I cannot tell you how strong my love for you was back then, when I returned to you on leave in the September, feeling battered, bruised and fragile. We held each other so tight I thought we would burst. I asked you to marry me the very same day and I whooped with joy when you looked deep into my eyes and said "yes" to being my bride.
I'm looking at our wedding photo now, the one on our dressing table, next to your jewellery box. I think of how young and innocent we were back then. I remember being on the church steps grinning like a Cheshire cat, when you said how dashing and handsome I looked in my uniform. The photo is old and faded now, but when I look at it, I only see the bright vibrant colors of our youth. I can still remember every detail of the pretty wedding dress your mother made for you, with its fine delicate lace and pretty pearls. If I concentrate hard enough, I can smell the sweetness of your wedding bouquet as you held it so proudly for everyone to see.
I remember being so over enjoyed, when a year later, you gently held my hand to your waist and whispered in my ear that we were going to be a family.
I know both our children love you dearly; they are outside the door now, waiting.
Do you remember how I panicked like a mad man when Jonathon was born? I can still picture you laughing and smiling at me now, as I clumsily held him for the very first time in my arms. I watched as your laughter faded into tears, as I stared at him and cried my own tears of joy.
Sarah and Tom arrived this morning with little Tessie. Can you remember how we both hugged each other tightly when we saw our tiny granddaughter for the first time? I can't believe she will be eight next month. I am trying not to cry, my love, as I tell you how beautiful she looks today in her pretty dress and red shiny shoes, she reminds me so much of you that first day we met. She has her hair cut short now, just like yours was all those years ago. When I met her at the door her smile wrapped around me like a warm glove, just like yours used to do, my darling.
I know you are tired, my dear, and I must let you go. But I love you so much it hurts to do so.
As we grew old together, I would tease you that you had not changed since we first met. But it is true, my darling. I do not see the wrinkles and grey hair that other people see. When I look at you now, I only see your sweet tender lips and youthful sparkling eyes as we sat and had our first appointmentc next to that small stream, and chased each other around that big old oak tree. I remember wishing those first few days together would last forever. Do you remember how exciting and wonderful those days were?
I must go now, my darling. Our children are waiting outside. They want to say goodbye to you.
I wipe the tears away from my eyes and bend my frail old legs down to the floor, so that I can kneel beside you. I lean close to you and take hold of your hand and kiss your tender lips for the very last time.
Sleep peacefully my dear.
I am sad that you had to leave me, but please don't worry. I am content, knowing I will be with you soon. I am too old and too empty now to live much longer without you.
I know it won't be long before we meet again in that small café in Hanover Square.
Goodbye, my darling wife.
我第一次见到你真的是六十二年前吗?
我知道,这真是一辈子。但当我凝视着你的眼睛时,似乎就在昨天,我第一次见到你,在汉诺威广场的那家小咖啡馆里。
从我看到你微笑的那一刻起,你为那个年轻的母亲和她刚出生的婴儿开门。我知道。我知道我想和你共度余生。
我仍然在想,当我第一次看着你的时候,我一定是多么的愚蠢。我记得当你摘下帽子,用手指松松地摇着黑色短发时,我目不转睛地看着你。当你把帽子放在桌子上,双手捧着热茶杯,用撅着的嘴唇轻轻地吹走热气时,我觉得自己正沉浸在你的每一个细节中。
从那一刻起,我觉得一切都很有意义。咖啡馆里的人和外面繁忙的街道都消失得模糊不清。我只能看到你。
在我的一生中,我重温了第一天。很多次,很多次,我坐下来想第一天的事,想了想我在那里的那些短暂的瞬间,又一次感受到了第一次知道真爱的感觉。这么多年过去了,我现在还能有这样的感觉,这让我很高兴,我知道我会一直有这样的感觉来安慰我。
即使我在战壕里不可控制地颤抖,我也没有忘记你的脸。当子弹和迫击炮的冰雹落在我周围时,我坐在潮湿的泥泞中,惊恐万分。我会紧紧地把枪抱在心里,然后再想起我们第一次见面的那一天。当战争的声音在我周围打响时,我会害怕地大叫。但是,当我想起你,看到你对我微笑的时候,我周围的一切都会变得沉默,我会再次和你在一起,远离死亡和毁灭。直到我再次睁开眼睛,我才能看到和听到周围战争的惨烈场面。
我无法告诉你,我对你的爱是多么强烈,当我在九月休假回到你身边时,我觉得自己被打得遍体鳞伤,脆弱不堪。我们紧紧地抱在一起,我想我们会爆炸的。就在同一天,我向你求婚,当你看着我的眼睛,对我的新娘说“愿意”时,我高兴得大叫起来。
我正在看我们的结婚照,那张在我们梳妆台上,在你的首饰盒旁边。我想我们那时是多么年轻和天真。我记得在教堂的台阶上,你说我穿着制服看起来多么潇洒英俊,我像只柴郡猫一样咧嘴笑。这张照片已经旧了,褪色了,但当我看它的时候,我只看到我们年轻时鲜艳的色彩。我仍然记得你妈妈为你做的漂亮婚纱的每一个细节,精致的蕾丝和漂亮的珍珠。如果我集中足够的精力,我可以闻到你的婚礼花束的甜味,因为你如此自豪地举行,让大家看到。
我记得我太享受了,一年后,你轻轻地把我的手放在你的腰上,在我耳边低声说我们要成为一家人。
我知道我们两个孩子都很爱你,他们现在在门外等着。
你还记得乔纳森出生的时候我是怎么惊慌失措的吗?现在我还能想象出你在笑我,我笨拙地把他抱在怀里。我看着你的笑声渐渐变成眼泪,看着他,我高兴地流下了自己的眼泪。
莎拉和汤姆今天早上和小泰西一起到的。你还记得我们第一次见到小孙女时是如何紧紧拥抱的吗?我不敢相信她下个月会八岁。亲爱的,我尽量不哭,因为我告诉你,今天她穿着漂亮的裙子和红光闪闪的鞋子,多么漂亮,她让我想起了我们第一天见面时的你。她现在把头发剪短了,就像你多年前的发型一样。当我在门口遇见她时,她的微笑像一只温暖的手套一样包裹着我,就像你以前那样,亲爱的。
我知道你累了,亲爱的,我必须让你走。但我太爱你了,这样做很痛苦。
当我们一起变老的时候,我会取笑你,自从我们第一次见面你就没变过。但这是真的,亲爱的。我看不到别人看到的皱纹和白发。当我现在看着你的时候,我只看到你甜美温柔的嘴唇和年轻闪亮的眼睛,当我们坐在小溪边第一次野餐,在那棵老橡树周围追逐。我记得我希望最初的几天能永远在一起。你还记得那些日子是多么令人兴奋和美好吗?
一、多方关注,开阔视野,丰富学生情感
让学生感性地认识世界,会为他们形成宽广的胸怀打下基础。在进行《新词语与流行文化》的梳理探究学习时,学生分组进行搜集,总结出近几年涌现的新词语,比如:网络、黑客、低保、辣妹、知本家等。这个过程其实就是一个行业的过程,学生必须明白新词语的冷热变化绝对显示着文化或者经济的发展。接受词汇就是接受不同文化和背景的人,这为学生的人际交流奠定了基础。无独有偶,在进行《姓氏源流》的梳理探究学习时,就是在进行和传统文化拥抱的过程。了解姓氏的变迁、来源、分布特点,丰富学生的见识,调节学生心理,要把课本知识和实际生活联系起来学习,是梳理探究学习的有效方法之一。
二、走出课堂,在生活实践中愉悦心灵
“读万卷书,行万里路。”、“纸上得来终觉浅,绝知此事要躬行。”在思想教育和审美陶冶中进行情感元素的渗透,只有通过生活实践才能内化为具体的信念和行为方式,进而形成稳定的性格特征。梳理探究学习方式,为学生提供一个个积极的人格实践的机会。例如梳理探究课《我为老师真诚赞美》,学生为了写好教师教育教学生活的文章,利用课余、假期时间进行采访。增进了对教师的感情和理解,磨炼了意志,锻炼了思维能力,这对弘扬尊师重教精神不能不说是一种实际的作法。
学习生活必须要“寓教于乐”,让学生学得轻松、有趣味,使之生动活泼的性格得到发展。梳理探究可以和课堂教学适当配合,但不必处处配合。 “登山则情满于山,观海则意溢于海”,师生可从中饱览祖国大好河山的秀美景色,陶冶情操,了解风土人情;锻炼观察思维能力,激发学生对大自然、对生活的热爱和积极进取的人生态度。结合学校的一些活动和常规教学的训练,学习有关知识,学会观察,提高语文能力,塑造耐心、细致、沉稳的心理品质以及严谨、求实、勤奋等良好性格。
三、触摸生活,培养学生高尚的审美情趣
法国启蒙思想家的得罗说:“没有情感这个因素,任何笔调都不能打动人心。”所以应创设一个良好的情感氛围,给学生清楚的学习目标和获取知识的路径,在相对开放的学习环境里学习。比如在进行《走进诗歌的怀抱》这个梳理探究学习活动中,分类阅读山水、边塞、田园、古风等,以及中外现代诗、抒情哲理诗。蕴藏在诗歌感情之下的那颗诗人的心脏,才是学生走近的目标。在饱含感情的朗诵中,在无限向往的追述中,触摸诗人感情,陶冶思想,升华人格。诗人的个性情操,伟大的家国情怀,都化做学生的精神食粮和美的情趣。
四、理性引导,要让学生在合作探究的过程中获得理趣
理趣本指表现哲理的诗歌要写出具有感发读者的审美情趣,也指文中所蕴含的深刻道理。因为文章的深刻蕴意往往云遮雾绕,这就需要教师在教学的过程中引导学生通过合作探究的方式,让学生睁开一双慧眼,勇于创新。
还是在《走进诗歌的怀抱》这个梳理探究学习中,我们努力探究,找出诗歌的理趣,学生找出一系列诗句, 如 “ 无可奈何花落去,似曾相识燕归来” “莫言下岭便无难,赚得行人空喜欢;正入万山圈子里,一山放过一山拦”“问渠哪得清如许,为有源头活水来”等。在以后的学习中,引导学生围绕佳句、篇章结构、构思、情感、不同文章的异同等方面予以探究,以独立或合作研究,以便探究发现文本中所具有的更深层次的“理”,获取更有价值的东西。
五、贴近生活,让学生在活动中明确责任
关键词:现浇箱梁;后张法施工;非常见问题;特殊处理
1 引言
随着我国大规模基础建设的开展,以钢绞线为主作为铁路公路桥梁、路基高边坡抗滑加固、房屋建筑等工程施加预应力的载体,特别是大型构件及现浇构件中,得到了普遍的应用。由于预应力有其独特的施工工艺要求,在进行预应力施工时,由于设计、施工的原因就会发生各种异常情况。下面就后张法预应力混凝土在预应力张拉施工中遇到的一些问题的原因分析及采取的处理措施作简单的介绍。
2 工程概况
龙口至青岛公路起自烟台的龙口市,经招远市、莱阳市,青岛的莱西市、即墨市,至青岛城阳区接已建青(岛)新(河)联络线,全线长89.608km。华山南互通立交所属第八合同段,位于即墨市境内,设计为双向六车道高速公路标准建设,设计速度120公里/小时桥涵设计荷载为公路-ⅰ级。华山南互通立交有37片现浇箱梁,梁高分别为1.4m、1.6m和2.3m,其中需进行预应力张拉作业的有36片,包括两端张拉、单端张拉,需要进行单端张拉的箱梁均设有施工缝,一片单端张拉的箱梁需浇筑两次张拉两次,施工缝处使用连接器完成梁体预应力体系的连续。每孔钢绞线根数分别为9束、12束、13束和15束四种,单端张拉锚固端采用挤压头钢绞线穿固定锚板预埋的形式锚固。
3 后张法预应力施工
3.1 预应力钢绞线下料
3.3 预应力张拉
3.3.1 张拉前的准备工作
复核预应力筋伸长量,由锚下垫板开始向中间逐段分段计算,由锚下垫板制应力开始逐段计算应力值和伸长量,每段应力值为该段起、终点应力平均值。对所使用千斤顶及配套油压表进行标定,进行锚具安装。
3.3.2 预应力张拉
(1)张拉顺序
张拉顺序按照设计所给施工顺序进行,遵循先腹板,后底板,先短索,后长索,先外侧,再内侧的原则,施工时严格按此步骤进行对称张拉。
(2)张拉控制
混凝土强度和弹性模量达到90%设计值以上且混凝土浇筑时间大于7d时方可进行预应力张拉。预应力张拉分四级进行控制,即15%δk、30%δk、60%δk、100δk每级张拉完后测量活塞伸长值,张拉达到设计应力时持荷5min回油至2mpa,夹片自行回缩锚固,测量活塞伸长值,确定夹片回缩值和千斤顶内钢铰线伸长值之和。预应力张拉过程中进行引伸量与张拉力双控,以张拉力为准,引伸量校核,要求实测引伸量与设计引伸量两者误差在±6%以内。当实际伸长量与理论伸长量的差值超过6%时暂停张拉,待查明原因并采取有效措施予以调整后方可继续张拉。
3.4 管道压浆
预应力束张拉完毕在24h后,48h内进行压浆施工。压浆前压水冲洗管道然后由较低一端向另一端进行压浆,另一端及通气孔无空气排出、出与压浆端一样的浆液停止压浆,封闭通气孔和出浆孔,加压至0.6-0.7mpa,持荷2min。压浆要连续进行不得中途停顿,若中途堵塞不能连续压浆时,立即用压力水冲洗管道,确保管道通畅。
4 预应力施工问题分析及处理
4.1 锚具沉陷
4.1.1 问题叙述
单孔12束钢绞线两端张拉完毕后,锚垫具周围有起皮现象,12h后无明显发展随之切割钢绞线进行堵头封锚做压浆准备。6h查看封锚水泥硬度情况发现半球形封锚碎裂,其后锚具已向梁体内沉陷并且锚垫板有裂纹,经量测沉陷2.1cm,再过6h沉陷量未增加。
4.1.2 问题分析
通常锚垫板附近钢筋布置很密,浇筑混凝土时,振捣不密实,混凝土疏松或仅有砂浆,以致该处混凝土强度低,薄弱处混凝土在长时间受力后发生变形或者压碎;锚垫板下的钢筋布置不够、受压区面积不够、锚板或锚垫板设计厚度不够,受力后变形过大。
4.1.3 问题处理
此束钢绞线已经割除如果更换锚具、钢绞线及处理张拉位置混凝土将对下步施工造成很大影响,我标段钢绞线在混凝土浇筑前完成的穿束,浇筑过程波纹管存在漏浆、变形的可能性,更换钢绞线有可能不能够将12束钢绞线全部穿到位,少一根钢绞线将影响此孔8.3%的
力,同时锚后混凝土需要进行处理及更换锚垫板。此束设计伸长量两端之和为54.6cm,查施工记录实际伸长量两端之和与设计偏差为+1.2%。锚具沉陷2cm,为设计伸长值的3.7%,在±6%范围内,同时张拉偏差为正值,钢绞线回缩2cm不影响此孔在整体应力体系中的作用。同时锚具下沉量一直未增加,沉陷应经平稳。
通过以上综合分析,我标段决定不更换锚具及钢绞线立即组织人员进行注浆作业,在此孔张拉30h时完成了注浆,经过观察再无其他变化。通过此实例,在规范允许的偏差内、确实不影响实体质量的情况下此种问题应及时完成注浆让应力稳定,不是每一次锚具回缩、锚垫板碎裂的情况都要进行返工处理。
4.2 锚下混凝土压溃
4.2.1 问题叙述
单孔15束钢绞线施工缝处单端张拉(位于梁体倒角处),在应力达到90%时,混凝土突然崩裂,经查锚后下侧面混凝土开裂、锚垫板崩碎、连接器的支撑环变形。
4.2.2 原因分析
梁体混凝土浇注完毕养护不当出现混凝土试件强度、弹性模量合格而可能实际梁体混凝土强度还未达到设计的张拉强度要求;锚具角度设置有偏差或连接器未卡入锚垫板的刻槽中造成偏压;混凝土振捣不密实存在蜂窝、孔洞等质量缺陷;张拉端锚垫板后起加固作用的钢筋网片或弹簧筋漏设、加固数量不足或设置位置不准确布置不合理导致混凝土局部承载力过大。 4.2.3 锚下混凝土压溃的处理
常规做法对钢绞线放张、松锚取下张拉端锚垫板将破裂的混凝土全部凿除并清洗干净再安设锚垫板、浇注高强混凝土待混凝土强度和弹性模量达到设计张拉条件时重新张拉。
由于后补混凝土是在侧面进行、体积较小,混凝土的密实度难得到保证同时新老混凝土结合面必然也是个薄弱点,再次张拉很少有拉到设计应力的一般都要打个折扣拉至80%-90%设计值。同样我们再次张拉拉至设计85%,应力尚未达到要求不满足设计及规范要求,此束长度29m,伸长值19.1cm。经计算连接的后一束超张3%时根据钢绞线分段应力计算到连接器位置时此束设计应力能够达到97%,经咨询预应力设计方面的专家24孔现浇梁有一孔应力小3%不影响此箱梁质量。此束张拉完毕暂不注浆,连接钢绞线正常连接,保护套筒加长3cm,后半联浇筑完毕进行超张3%进行整体灌浆,完成此箱梁预应力体系。
4.3 压浆后堵管
4.3.1 问题叙述
压浆没有完成,再次补压已经压不动,造成后半部分空洞无浆。
4.3.2 原因分析
压浆过程中突然断电、设备损坏或者拌浆将不及时压至一半料供应不上注浆料开始凝固导致堵管。
4.3.3 问题处理
注浆料已经注超过50m以上即使发现堵管使用高压水清理也不能够清除,事后根据压浆料灌注量及横梁位置的通气孔估测浆料到达位置,根据波纹管标高使用电钻打孔确定准确位置,找到浆料到达位置并在其位置往后空洞钻一孔安设出浆管,从另一端再次注浆注满。
5 结束语
随着科学技术的发展预应力混凝土工程造价低、结构形式多样、跨度大、抗裂性好的优点越来越明显,现代桥梁建设中应用也越来越广泛,为了确保结构安全使用,充分发挥设计功能我们在预应力施工过程中针对容易出现的问题必须提前预控,严格执行,科学施工确保结构应力值和整体受力正确,最大限度发挥结构设计功能和使用寿命。在遇到问题时不要盲目处理,分析各项处理方案能够保证结构质量又能够操作时在进行处理,科学组织、认真对待、妥善处理。
参考文献
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