前言:想要写出一篇令人眼前一亮的文章吗?我们特意为您整理了5篇初二下册英语范文,相信会为您的写作带来帮助,发现更多的写作思路和灵感。
在称述句中直接引语和间接引语的转换:
a) 直接引语:说话人直接引用别人的原话。
b) 间接引语:说话人用自己的话把别人的意思转述出来。
c) 直接引语一般前后要加引号;间接引语不d) 用引号。
e) 规则:1)人称变化:从句中的第一人称多改为第三人称;第二人称根据情况改为第一或第三人称;第三人称不f) 变。2)时态变化:如果主句的谓语动词是一般过去时,g) 直接引语变为间接引语时从句的谓语动词在时态方面要做以下变化:
直接引语 间接引语
一般现在时 一般过去时(客观真理除外)
一般将来时 过去将来时
现在进行时 过去进行时
如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时,直接引语变为间接引语时,从句的动词时态保持不变;直接引语如果是客观真理变为间接引语时,时态保持不变。3)其他指示代词,时间状语,地点状语和动词等的变化。直接引语中的一些指示代词,时间状语和地点状语须作相应的变化:
直接引语 间接引语
指示代词 this这 these这些 that那 those那些
时间状语 now现在 then那时
today 今天 that day 那天
tonight 今晚 that night那天晚上
this week 这星期 that week那个星期
yesterday 昨天 the day before前一天
1. fewer people 更少的人(fewer修饰名词复数,表示否定)
2. less free time 更少的空闲时间(less修饰不可数名词,表示否定)
3. in ten years 10年后(in的时间短语用于将来时,提问用How soon)
4. fall in love with… 爱上…
例:When I met Mr. Xu for the first time, I fell in love with him at once
当我第一次见到许老师,我立刻爱上他
5. live alone 单独居住
6. feel lonely 感到孤独(比较:live alone/go along等)
The girl walked alone along the street, but she didn’t feel lonely那女孩独自沿着街道走,但她并不感到孤独
7. keep/feed a pet pig 养一头宠物猪
8. fly to the moon 飞上月球
9. hundreds of +复数 数百/几百(概数,类似还有thousands of; millions of)
10. the same as 和……相同
11. A be different from B A与B不同(=There is a difference/Thgere are differences between A and B)
12. wake up 醒来(wake sb. up表示 “唤醒某人”
13. get bored 变得厌倦(get/become是连系动词,后跟形容词如tired/angry/excited等)
14. go skating 去滑冰(类似还有go hiking/fishing /skating/bike riding等)
15. lots of/a lot of 许多(修饰可数名词、不可数名词都可以)
16. at the weekends 在周末
17. study at home on computers 在家通过电脑学习
18. agree with sb. 同意某人(的意见)
19. I don’t agree. = I disagree. 我不同意
20. on a piece of paper 在一张纸上(注意paper/information/news/work/homework/housework等常考到的不可数名词)
21. on vacation 度假
22. help sb with sth/help sb do sth 帮助某人做某事
23. many different kinds of goldfish 许多不同种金鱼
24. live in an apartment 住在公寓里/live on the twelfth floor 住在12楼
25. live at NO.332,Shanghai Street 住在上海路332号
26. as a reporter 作为一名记者
27. look smart 显得精神/看起来聪明
28. Are you kidding? 你在骗我吗
29. in the future 在将来/在未来
30. no more=not …anymore 不再(强调多次发生的动作不再发生)I’ll go there no more.
31. no longer=not… any longer 不再(强调状态不再发生)
32. besides(除…之外还,包括)与except …but(除…之外,不包括)
33. be able to与can 能、会
l (be able to用于各种时态,而can只能用于一般现在时态和一般过去时态中;have to用于各种时态,而must只能用于一般现在时态)例如:
1.I have been able to/will be able to speak two languages. (不可以用can)
2. had to stay at home/ will have to (不可以用must)
34.be big and crowded 大而且拥挤
34. be in college 在上大学
35. live on a space station 住在空间站
36. dress casually 穿得很随意casual clothing 休闲服饰
37. win the next World Cup 赢得世界杯 win award 获僵
38. come true 变成现实
39. take hundreds of years 花几百年的时间
40. be fun to watch 看起来有趣
41. over and over again 一次又一次
42. be in different shapes 形状不同
43. twenty years from now 今后20年 【本单元目标句型】
1. What do you think life will be like in 1000 years?
2. There will be fewer trees、more buildings and less pollution in the future.
l fewer; less表示否定之意,分别修饰可数名词和不可数名词;more二者都可以修饰。
3. Will kids go to school? No, they won’t/Yes, they will。
4. Predicting the future can be difficult.
5. I need to look smart for my job interview.
6. I will be able to dress more casually.
7. I think I’ll go to Hong Kong on vacation, and one day I might even visit Australia.
8. What will teenagers do for fun twenty years from now?
9. That may not seem possible now, but computers, space rockets and even electric toothbrushes seemed impossible a hundred years ago.
【知识归纳】
形容词,副词的比较等级考查热点透视:
a)表示A与B在程度上相同b)时,c) “as+形容词或副词的原级+as”结构。表示A不d)如B时,e)可用“not as/so+形容词或副词的原级+as”结构。
f)表示A比B在程度上“更…..”时,g)可用“形容词或副词的比较级+than”结构
h)表示三者或三者以上的比较,i)其中一个在程度上“最…..”时,j)常用“the+形容词或副词的级”结构,k)后面可带“of/in的短语”来说明比较的范围。(注意:副词的级在句中常省略“the”.)
l)在形容词或副词的比较级前,m)可以用“a little, even, far, much,still”的等词语来修饰,n)以加强语气。
o)表示“越来越….”时,p)常用“形容词或副词的比较级+and+形容词或副词的比较级”结构,q)但要注意,r)对于多音节和部分双音节形容词,s)副词而t)言,u)若要表达此意时,v)要用“more and more+形容词或副词的原级“结构。
w)在表示“其中最….之一“的含义时,x)常使用 “one of+the+形容词级形式+名y)词复z)数”结构,aa)其中的定冠词the不bb)可以省略。
cc)如果强调“两者中比较…的(一个)”的意思时,dd)可使用“the+形容词比较级+其它”结构。
ee)表示“越….越….”, 可使用“the+形容词或副词的比较级,ff)the+形容词或副词的比较级”结构。
2 .一般将来时
一般将来时的构成:由助动词shall或will加动词原形构成,shall用于第一人称。在口语中,will在名词或代词后常简略为’ll, will not常简略为won’t。这个时态的肯定,否定和疑问结构可表示如下:
肯定句否定句疑问句
I (We)shall(will) go.
You(He, She, They) will go.I(We)shall(will) not go.
You(He, She, They)will not go.Shall I(we) go?
Will you (he, she, they) go?
用”be going to +动词原形”也可表示将来时,表示将要发生的事,打算或决定要做的事。
b)一般将来时的用法:1)表示将要发生的动作或情况;2) 不以人的意志为转移,肯定要发生的事情。The day after tomorrow will be National Day.后天是国庆日。
3. in/after:in是指以现在时间为起点的“在一段时间以后”。也可以表示“在将来多少时间之内”,句子中的谓语动词要用一般将来时态;after常指以过去时间为起点的“一段时间之后”,所以它与过去时态连用。当after指某个特定的未来时刻或日期之后,或指以将来某一时间为起点的若干时间之后时,它可以与将来时态连用。
4.more, less, fewer的用法区别:more为many, much的比较级,意为“更多”,可修饰可数与不可数名词。Less是little的比较级,意为“更好,较少”,修饰不可数名词。Fewer是few的比较级,意为“更少”,修饰可数名词复数。
【注意】few, little表示否定“几乎没有”。a few, a little表示肯定“一点,几个”。
5.would like sth意思为“想要某物“; would like to do意思为”想要做某事“。回答would like句型的一般疑问句时,其肯定回答为 “Yes, please.”;否定回答“No, thanks”或 “I’d like /love to, but….”
6. Such作形容词,意思是“如此的”“这样的”,修饰各种名词。
Such这样的。如It is such bad weather.天气如此恶劣。
Such常和as搭配,表示一种类别。如We enjoy such a voice as hers.我们喜欢象她那样的嗓子。
Such常和表示结果的that从句搭配,表示“如此….以至于…”如
It was such a hot day that we all had to stay at home.
Such…that…和so…that…都可用来引出一个结果状语从句。由于such是形容词,所以that从句前有一个受such修饰的名词;而so 是副词,用以修饰形容词或副词,因此that从句前一般不出现名词。如
They are such kind-hearted teachers that people in the village all respect them.
The exam was so difficult that many students failed to pass it.
如果名词是可数名词的单数形式,such和so的位置不同:
such+a/an+形容词+单数名词
so+形容词+a/an+单数名词
如果名词是不可数名词或名词复数,只可用such,不能用so.:
such+形容词+不可数名词或复数名词
如果被修饰的不可数名词被much, little, 或复数名词被many, few等表示量的形容词修饰时,用so,不用such.
当little表示“年纪小的”时,可用such+little+名词。
7.be able to 为“能,会”,表示能力,在这个意义上与can的意思相同,一般情况下两者可以互换,但can只有现在式和过去式(could)而be able to则用于更多的时态,主要体现在be的变化。
两者在用法上有一些差异:can (could)表示主观能力不表示意愿,它的将来时用will be able to而 be able to表示主观意愿强调克服困难做某事。 【重点语法】
一般将来时
表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态。本时态标志词:
1.含tomorrow; next短语; 2.in+段时间 ; 3.how soon;
4.by+将来时间; 5.by the time sb.do… 6.祈使句句型中:or/and sb. will do
例Be quick, or you will be late=If you don’t be quick, you will be late
7.在时间/条件状语从句中, 如果从句用一般现在时, 主句用将来时 8.another day
比较be going to 与will:
be going to 表示近期、眼下就要发生的事情,will 表示的将来时间则较远一些。
如: He is going to write a letter tonight. He will write a book one day.
2. be going to 表示根据主观判断将来肯定发生的事情,will表示客观上将来势必发生的事情。
He is seriously ill. He is going to die. He will be twenty years old.
3. be going to 含有“计划,准备”的意思,而 will 则没有这个意思,如:
She is going to lend us her book. He will be here in half an hour.
4.在有条件从句的主句中,一般不用 be going to, 而多用will, 如:
If any beasts comes at you, I'll stay with you and help you.
掌握了它们的这些不同,你就能很好的区分be going to与will了。
be going to do (动词原形)结构:表示打算、准备做的事情或者肯定要发生的事情。如:It is going to rain.
will do 结构表示将来的用法:
1. 表示预见
Do you think it will rain?
You will feel better after a good rest.
2. 表示意图
I will borrow a book from our school library tomorrow.
What will she do tomorrow?
基本构成如下:
一般疑问句构成:
(1)will+主语+do…? Will Sarah come to visit me next Sunday?
(2)there be 结构的一般疑问句:Will there + be …?
Will there be fewer trees? Yes, there will. / No, there won’t
否定句构成:will + not (won’t)+do
Sarah won’t come to visit me next Sunday.
特殊疑问句构成:
特殊疑问词+will+主语+…?What will Sarah do next Sunday?
根据例句,用will改写下列各句
例:I don’t feel well today. (be better tomorrow) I’ll be better tomorrow.
1. Gina has six classes today. (have a lot of homework tonight)
_____________________________
2. I’m tired now. (sleep later)
_____________________________
3. My parents need a new car. (buy one soon)
_____________________________
4. We can’t leave right now. (leave a little later)
_____________________________
5. The weather is awful today. (be better tomorrow)
_____________________________
答案:1. She’ll have a lot of homework tonight. 2. I’ll sleep later. 3. They’ll buy one soon.
这篇关于外研版初二年级下册英语期中考试复习资料——单项选择,是
( ) 50.My teacher asked me ______such a nice model plane. A. how I made B. how did I make C. how I make D. how do I make( ) 51.My uncle wants to travel around the world because he enjoys ______new places. A. see B. sees C. saw D. seeing( ) 52. Mike’s mother made him ______at home because it’s raining heavily outside. A. stay B. to stay C. staying D. stayed( ) 53. I _____two tickets for the football match. Would you like to go with me ? A. bought B. buy C. had bought D. have bought( ) 54.-----Peter, could you come and help me in the kitchen, please? ------ Sorry, Mum. I ________Lily with her English. A. help B. helped C. have helped D. am helping( ) 55.-----Where is Mr. Li? ------He has gone to London and he ________back in two weeks. A. comes B. came C. will come D. has come( ) 56.Father told her son _____ polite when talking with others. A. is B. was C. to be D. not to be( ) 57.---- often use QQ to talk with each other on the Internet . ----- Really? Will you please show me _________ it? A. where can I use B. how can I use C. how to use D. what to use( ) 58.He always looks over his exercises to _______there are no mistakes. A. find out B. make sure C. think about D. try out( ) 59. The lesson is easy because there are _______ new words in it. A. few B. little C. a few D. a little( ) 60. Nobody _____ a noise in our English class. A. makes B.make C. to make D. making( ) 61. My brother hurt his _______ yesterday. He can’t walk now. A. arm B. leg C. hand D. eye( ) 62. I had a bad cold. The doctor asked me _______in bed. A. staying B. to stay C. stayed D. stays( ) 63. He said that he _____all day on Sunday. A. worked B. works C. work D. was working( ) 64.Mrs Brown isn’t here. She has to _____her baby at home. A. look at B. look for C. look out D. look after( ) 65.Our city has planted ________ trees this year. A. thousand B. thousands C. thousands of D .thousand of( )66. Mother told me _____fire any more. A. to play with B. not to play C. to play D. not to play with( ) 67.the doctor asked the woman _____ the medicine three times a day. A. take B. takes C. taking D. to take( ) 68.Would you spend £200 ______ a new coat? A. in B. on C. at D. of( ) 69. I’m tired. I don’t like _______ my homework now. A. to do B. doing C. will do D. did( ) 70.Do you know ________Mr. Black lives? A. what B. that C. where D. how( ) 71.The teacher invited his headmaster ____basketball at the weekend. A. play B. plays C. to play D. playing( ) 72. Could you please tell me __________? A. where is the supermarket B. where the supermarket is C. where was the super market D. where the supermarket was( ) 73.The angry father asked the son _______the words twenty times. A. write B. to write C. writing D,. wrote( ) 74. I am not sure ______ the work on time. A. if can she finish B. if she can finish C. she has finished D. will she finish( ) 75. I’m hungry, Mum. I want something _______. A. eating B. to eat C. ate D. eaten( ) 76. It’s not easy for us_____ English well. A. learn B. to learn C. learning D. learnt( ) 77. In the bookshop, a reader asked the shopkeeper ____Who Moved My Cheese? Was an interesting book. A. what B. that C. how D. if( ) 78. ----Would you like to come to dinner tonight? ----I’d love to, _____ I have something to do. A. and B. if C. so D. but( ) 79. Keep _______,and you will succeed. A. to try B. tries C. trying D. tried( ) 80. Don’t ____ the radio. The baby is sleeping. A. turn off B. turn on C. turn over D. turn down( ) 81. If you don’t like the photo,_____“delete”. A. pressing B. to press C. press D. pressed( ) 82. ------I usually go to Xiamen by train. -------Why ______ there by plane for a change? A. not go B. don’t go C. not you go D. not to go( ) 83.If she spends _____ time with the orchestra ,they will punish her. A. too much B. much too C. many D. a lot( ) 84.They often asked us _____ them in busy days. A. help B. to help C. helps D. helping( ) 85. That man warned us _____ this kind of fruit. A. eating B. not to eat C. to not eat D. not eat( ) 86. My mother often tells me _______in the sun because it is bad for my eyes. A. not read B. to not read C. reading D. not to read( ) 87. We use the bike _____ traveling. A. in B. on C. at D. for( ) 88. If you offer ______ some jobs around the home, he will realize that you are truly sorry. A. do B. to do C. doing D. did( ) 89.Jackson decided ______ a new car for his work. A. buy B. buying C. to buy D. buys( ) 90..If you don’t like speaking English outside the classroom,you______. A. not improve B. don’t improve C. not to improve D. won’t improve.( ) 91. If it _____ next Saturday, we will stay at home. A. rains B. rain C. rained D. raining( ) 92.______my father used the computer last night, he was angry. A. When B. Where C. Which D. What( ) 93. If you tell him the truth, he ______ angry with you. A. is B. will C. was D. will be( ) 94. His father told him _______ quickly in the street. A. not to ride B. not ride C. ride D. to not ride( ) 95. We decided ______ to the park tomorrow. A. go B. going C. to go D. will go( ) 96. If we play games on the computer, it _____ a virus. A. have B. has C. will have D. had( ) 97. If it doesn’t work, you should offer _______. A,. to pay B. pay C. paying D. paid( ) 98. I usually use the computer _____ my homework. A. in B. on C. with D. for ( ) 99. the teacher warned us ______ that! It’s dangerous. A. to touch B. not to touch C. to not touch D. don’t touch( ) 100.They often play games _____ the computer. A. in B. at C. on D. use( ) 101. Yesterday he bought a new computer game and asked me _____with him. A. play B. to play C. playing D. played
莲山课件 原文地址:5ykj.com/shti/cuer/76580.htm
一、认真指导学生预习
预习是课文教学的一个重要环节,它不仅可以充分体现学生的学习主体性原则,调动学生主动学习的积极性,而且还可以培养学生的自学能力与合作学习能力。前提是教师要对学生做好预习指导工作,设计预习提纲,布置预习作业。
预习提纲一般包括以下几个方面:①掌握课文中的生词,会读、会写。②听课文录音,模仿朗读课文。③小组合作找出课文中的重点短语以及中心句。④提前阅读语法内容,先自我理解。⑤认真完成预习作业。
预习作业一般包括以下几方面:①回答课后的问题。②根据课文内容做填词练习。③用课文中的重点词汇造句。④翻译课文,理解课文内容。
通过预习,学生一般都能识读大部分的词汇和短语,多数学生能够流利地朗读课文,并能通过小组合作完成预习作业,解决部分疑难问题。这些都为课文的学习奠定了良好的基础。
具体以人教版初二下册第一单元的阅读课Do you think you will have your own robots?为例。上课前,我先给学生一定时间进行小组合作预习,让学生大致了解课文所学的内容,做到心中有数,会读写课文中生词,找出课文中的重点和难点以及每一段的中心句,并先自我翻译课文。组员之间互相讨论解决问题,相邻组的组长之间互相讨论部分疑难问题。这样在上课前学生基本已扫清了大部分课文学习的障碍。
二、课堂上精讲多练
传统教学中分节、分段、逐句、逐词教学破坏了课文内容的连贯性,不利于培养学生的语篇意识和阅读能力。而新课改下的英语课文教学要求体现以课文为中心的整体性教学的特点。具体做法是首先精讲。通过精讲,主要解决学生在预习时所提出的重点、难点问题,通过启发,诱导,进行点拨性教学,对语言难点进行集中处理。其次是多练。练习可以有以下几个环节:①听录音,学生仔细模仿朗读课文,以增强语感,在朗读中整体理解课文的意思。②师生问答,以熟练掌握课文内容,培养学生的阅读理解能力。③教师提供线索,学生对课文进行复述和改写。④根据课文进行挖词填空,选择答案,词语替换等练习。
通过对以上各种练习的口述和手写,保证了课文内容的整体性。学生在不脱离整体理解课文的环境中进行了语言知识的活用练习。
【关键词】初中;英语教学;作业设计;实践
初中英语教学的作业设计是英语教学的有效组成部分,通过合理运用可以使学生更好地对知识进行巩固。作业设计需要以学生为本,根据学生实际学习状态来进行作业的层次设置,以达到更好的巩固效果。这就需要教师加强在英语设计方面的探究,力求在设计原则的指导下,改变设计效率低下的现状,通过实践来不断改进作业设计方式,从而使初中英语教学更具活力。
一、初中英语教学中作业设计的现状
新课改要求减轻初中生的可以负担,提升作业设计的质量,但部分学校的表现并不尽如人意。在英语作业设计的质量提升上探究力度不足,使作业设计呈现出功能单一、形式单调、内容缺乏层次、目的不够明确的态势。教师对作业设计的作用并未投入足够的重视,学生在完成作业时也缺乏积极性和主动性,使作业设计整体呈现质量不佳的状态,亟需采取有效措施来改变思路,加强英语作业设计的实践研究。
二、初中英语作业设计的实践
1.努力贴近学生生活
如果英语作业的设计能够紧密联系中学生的日常生活,那么学生完成作业的自觉性和主动性就会大大提升。通过作业的完成来进行必要的语言实践,养成良好的英语学习习惯。例如,初二英语教材中有对人物外貌进行描绘的课程内容,教师在布置作业时就可以以“describe people’s look”为题,让学生对喜欢的家人、朋友或是电视中的外貌特征明显的人物进行描写,描写过程中要遵循教材中描绘人物外貌的步骤和原则。激发起学生兴趣,通过确定人选、进行仔细观察、开展词汇及语言组织等一系列活动来完成作业。实践证明,通过与社会生活的结合,学生的兴趣度可以大大提升,达成巩固课堂知识的效果。
2.通过创新保持学生兴趣
英语作业的形式不应是死板的,教师要积极进行方式方法的创新,抓住学生的兴趣点,最大限度地激发学生想象力。作业展示方式要改变以往单纯的书面形式,通过设计使学生的听说读写能力都得到提高。例如,初二下册有关于jobs的课程,教师可以让学生课下收集各种职业从业者的名称,如lawyer、designer、biologist、waitress等等,找出职业命名的规律,然后在让学生准备即兴演说,介绍自己最想从事的职业,如I want to be a doctor, because I think they’re very great.学生通过作业的完成可以使词汇量得以拓展,发现词汇学习的规律,通过演说来提升口语表达和组织能力,同时学生的想象能力也能拥有充分的发挥空间。
3.注重作业设计的实效性
布置作业的目的就是促进学生对知识的巩固,消化重难点,保证作业的设计是有实效的,可以是学生更好地应对考核,兼顾应试教育的现况。例如,学生在掌握时态时常常容易混淆,教师在进行作业设计时就可以让学生以动词come为例,开展将来时、现在进行时、过去完成时的造句训练,应对考试中对时态的考察。针对英语听力的考察,要求学生每天回家听5-10分钟的英语录音,并进行跟读,让家长也参与到作业设计当中,充当监督者和记录者的角色。教师要定期对学生的听力训练情况进行检查与评价,促进学生听力水平的提高。
4.用灵活的手段促进合作
英语作业设计是英语教学的一部分,同样需要重视学生的主体地位,因而教师要用灵活的思路来指导布置作业的方式,充分尊重学生间的差异,通过建立合作来提升作业的完成质量,提高学生英语知识的掌握水平。例如,八年级上册有一课的题目是:Can you come to my party?是关于是否接受邀请,进行时间安排的课程,教师可以让学生以周末安排为例,进行小组间的行程讨论,学生们想要参加的活动包括:go to the zoo,go shopping,watch film,go for a swim等等。将活动统筹起来列出小组活动的行程表,通过合作可以让学生们的协作意识更强,使共同讨论出的结果更有价值,学生英语合作学习的质量得以保障。这也是教师英语作业设计的成功。
三、结束语
综上所述,初中英语教学中的作用设计现况并不尽如人意,需要英语教育者对作业设计给予足够的重视,积极进行探究,把握好作业设计的原则,通过联系学生生活,激发学生兴趣,改变作业形式等方法来提高作用设计的质量,是英语家庭作业真正起到巩固知识的作用,切实提升初中英语教学水平。
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