养生保健方法

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养生保健方法范文第1篇

一、顺应天时

人和动植物一样，与宇宙间大自然是统一的整体。由于太阳和月球的不停运转，就产生了昼夜、时序(春夏秋冬)交替；气候(寒热温凉)变化。人类在长期的生活实践中，逐渐认识和适应了它的变化规律，采取多种防护措施，以保持身体健康，即“顺应天时”。

祖国医学对风、寒、暑、湿、燥、火的研究，称为六气学说。六气太过，如大风暴雨、严寒酷暑、潮湿或干旱干燥过度的气候，稍有不慎，就会感染疾病。如寒盛，则易患伤寒及多种寒病；风盛，则易患感冒及流行性热病；暑热盛，则易患伤暑和中暑；燥火盛，则易患口渴，鼻衄及多种炎症；湿盛，则易患腹泻及肾小球肾炎；风寒湿三气杂至，则易患风湿病等。懂得这些知识，就会在气候变化时，事先做好防护措施，避免疾病的发生。在穿衣方面，应注意“春棉渐渐减，秋衣徐徐添”，就是俗语说的“春捂秋冻”，不能猛添猛减，否则就容易感冒。不难看出，现代医学中的多种急性传染病，都有严格的季节性。有不少慢性病人，在气候突变前，都有明显的加重或不适感。现代医学叫做“医学气象学”。

二、心胸开拓，情绪乐观

《素问・上古天真论》说：“恬淡虚无，真气从之，精神内守，病安从来。”意思是说，人要心平气和，无忧无虑，排除私心杂念，自然心胸开拓，情绪乐观，气机调和，精神饱满，抗病能力增强，病从哪里来呢!《内经》又说：“怒气伤肝，暴喜伤心，忧思伤脾，悲哀伤肺，惊恐伤肾。”这是说，过度的情绪激动，不良的精神刺激，可诱发多种疾病。例如，肝郁气滞，积忧久郁，可致发多种精神、神经病患和消化系统疾病，特别是老年心脑血管病患者，一遇精神刺激，可致脑血栓形成、脑溢血、急性心肌梗死等。现代医学叫做“医学心理学”。

三、饮食有节，不要偏食

《素问・脏气法时论》说：“五谷为养，五菜为充，五肉为益，五果为助。”《素问・五常政大论》说：“谷、肉、果、菜，食养尽之。勿使过之，伤其正也。”意思是说，五谷杂粮是人类能量的来源，是主食；各种蔬菜，含有多种维生素和微量元素，是营养的补充；脂肪、蛋白质等主要来源于各种肉类；各种水果，同样含有多种维生素和果糖等，都对人体的营养有益。以上还说明两个问题：一是说人的饮食要多样化，营养才会全面，不要偏食，这种观点和现代营养学的“杂食观”是一致的；二是说饮食要有定量、有节制，不能过量，更不能暴饮暴食，或过度吸烟、酗酒等，以免致发肺炎、肺癌、胃肠病和肝病等。

四、适当运动，劳逸结合

人体要有适当运动。运动能使人骨骼强壮，肌肉发达，气血流通，可以促进胃肠对食物的消化吸收，因而使精神焕发，健康长寿。但运动的方法应因人而异。青壮年应采用体操、跑步、登山、游泳、各种武术等活动力较强的运动；老年人及慢性病患者应选择气功、太极拳、八段锦、五禽戏、六段功、干沐浴等柔软运动，并要持之以恒。切忌剧烈的超负荷运动，反而有害于健康。

五、节制，保护肾脏

养生保健方法范文第2篇

【关键词】生物多样性；细胞学标记；DNA分子标记

【Abstract】According to the Chinese Biodiversity Conservation Strategy and Action Planning （2010-2030）， the continuous loss of genetic resources becomes one of three thorny issues threatening biodiversity conservation in China， which highlights the significance of genetic diversity monitoring plan in the future. After both Standard for the Assessment of Regional Biodiversity （HJ623-2011） and Regulation for the Collection of Genetic Resources （HJ628-2011） come into force， identification and collection of genetic resources becomes essential in biodiversity assessment projects. This review summarizes the front application of both cytological marker and DNA molecular marker techniques to distinguish plant varieties， and consequently the feasibility of large-scale application of DNA marker technique on future biodiversity monitoring and assessment projects is discussed.

【Key words】Biodiversity； Cytological marker； DNA molecular marker

0 Introduction

As one of three layers of biodiversity， which includes ecosystem， species and genetics， genetic diversity is the diversity of genetic factors that determine the traits of organisms and their combinations， so that becomes the basis of species and ecosystem diversity [1]. It is inevitable for a species of poor genetic diversity to move towards the extinction in natural selection process [2].

After a series of environmental policy has been worked out by centre government of China， such as Chinese Biodiversity Conservation Strategy and Action Planning （2010-2030）， Standard for the Assessment of Regional Biodiversity （HJ623-2011） and Regulation for the Collection of Genetic Resources （HJ628-2011）， it is essential for environmental engineers to include genetic diversity in biodiversity monitoring and assessment projects， and collection and identification of genetic resources in the nature definitely becomes the first step of this work. In present， identification of plant varieties mainly relies on the biological traits of plants[3]， which are susceptible to environmental conditions and time-consuming when those biological traits are artificially cultivated and observed in experiment land [4]. However， the development of DNA marker technology provides a quicker and more accurate solution for environmental engineers to distinguish different sub-populations of a plant species in the nature， particularly when identification of economic traits is not essential in biodiversity assessment work. This review summarizes both cytological marker and DNA molecular marker for the differentiation of plant cultivars in recent years.

1 Cytological Marker

Due to its high stability and reproducibility， karyotype becomes one of the unique chromosome information to distinguish different species， populations of the same species and to identify the hybrids. Karyotype parameters， mainly including the absolute length and relative length of chromosome， arm ratio， centromere index， chromosome ploidy and asymmetry index， are frequently analyzed by botanists to study the variation in chromosome number and structure between species， the origin of species and the genetic evolution[4].

1.1 Traditional squash technique

Zhang etc [5] analyzed karyotype of three Fritillari thunbergii cultivars based on traditional squash technique. The karyotype formula of F. thunbergii （Xiaye， Kuanye， Duozi） varied among three varieties， indicating the feasibility of genetic identification of Fritillari thunbergii cultivars. The karyotype of all the varieties were classified into 3B type， and heterozygosity of homologous chromosome were found in both F. thunbergii（Xiaye） and F. thunbergii（Duozi）.

The karyotype of three diploid oat species was studied by Liu etc [6] with application of traditional squash technique. Both karyotype formula and asymmetry index of Avena strigosa， Avena hispanica， Avena brevis were calculated for comparison， revealing more advanced evolution in karyotype for A.strigosa， followed by A.a brevis and A.hispanica. Three diploid oat species were effectively distinguished by a combination of both karyotype formula and asymmetry index.

The traditional slice-making method with micrograph technology was adopted by Dai etc[7] to study the cytology basis for cultivar identification of Secale cereale subsp.segetale. Three populations of Secale cereale subsp.segetale（89R4， 89R14， 89R60） and one variety Secale cereale L.（H36） were selected to conduct karyotype analysis. Karyorype formulae， asymmetry index and asymmetrical karyotype coefficient were provided and compared among these varieties in this research， which showed rich diversity in chromosome morphology.

Traditional squashing method was adopted by Liu etc[8] to analyze the karyotype of 7 R.hybrida cultivars and 5 R.rugosa cultivars. According to the results， all the R.hybrida cultivars were tetraloid （2n=4x=28）， except that R.hybrida ‘Elmshorn’ was triploid （2n=3x=21）， while all the 5 R.rugosa cultivars were diploid （2n=2x=14）. A number of karyotype parameters， including karyotype formula， chromosome relative length， ratio of the longest chromosome to the shortest one in length， arm ratio， asymmetry index and centromere index， were interpreted as biomarkers for identification of varieties and correspondingly the genetic distance was analyzed， revealing that distinct differences in both karyotype and ploidy levels existed between R.hybrida and R.rugosa cultivars and R.rugosa cultivars appeared to be more advanced in karyotype evolution.

21 cultivars’ karyotype of ornamental Ginkgo was studied by Gao etc [9] with smear method. The karyotype of all cultivars was reported to be identical， and the relative length of chromosome varied from 4.31% to 15.34% for the female cultivars， as well as 4.37% to 17.12% for the male. For approximately 83.33% of all the varieties in this research， the arm ratio of chromosome was above 2：1， which belonged to asymmetric 3B type. Cluster analysis was conducted on the basis of karyotype calculation， showing that the mean arm ratio or length ratio of ornamental Ginkgo cultivars was significantly different from original Ginkgo Biloba， and consequently the originality， evolution and classification of these cultivars were discussed.

In total 6 varieties of Hippophae Rhamnoides L. were selected by Li etc[10] to analyze karyotype characteristics of chromosomes， including 4 strains from Russia and 2 strains from China. Karyotype formula， asymmetry index， centromere index and ratio of the longest chromosome to the shortest one in length were compared and contrasted between these varieties， providing the basis for the identification and evolutionary analysis of Hippophae Rhamnoides L. varieties. According to the asymmetry index， six of these cultivars were classified into middle centromere or sub-middle centromere， with karyotype types as 2A or 2B.

40 typical and stable varieties of Chinese large-flowered chrysanthemum were chosen to carry out cytological karyotype analysis for investigation of genetic differences[11]. 1-4 satellite chromosome（s） were reported in approximately 35% of the cultivars， with increasing possibility of satellite chromosome when chromosome number increased. The karyotypes of these varieties were summarized as 2A， 2B and 2C， and types 2A and 2C were more likely to appear in the cultivars with higher ploidy. The interrelationship of karyotype parameters including long-/short-arm ratio， asymmetry coefficient of karyotypes， karyotype asymmetry index and relative length of chromosomes were discussed in this research， indicating great values of karyotype parameters for cultivar identification， classification and genetic evolution analysis for chrysanthemums species. The relationship of karyotype parameters towards phenotypic characters was also examined， revealing that the variation of long-/short-arm ratio and asymmetry coefficient of karyotypes led to highest relevance to most phenotypic characters.

Wild Rosa species， which are broadly found in the Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region of China， possess many important unknown economic traits. Yu etc[12] collected karyological data from 13 samples of seven wild Rosa taxa （R. berberifolia， two botanical varieties of R. spinosissima， R. platyacantha， R. beggeriana， R. acicularis， and R. laxa）， which were easily distinguished by karyotype parameters of chromosome ploidy， asymmetry index， centromere index， and distribution of relative lengths. The karyological data provided comprehensive cytogenetic resource to analyze the taxonomy， evolution and speciation in the genus Rosa as well as to identify suitable cultivars for breeding programs.

1.2 Fluorescence in situ hybridization （FISH） technique

Fluorescence binding technology with fluorescent dyes， which are capable of revealing AT or GC DNA sequences on chromosomes， can distinguish different types of heterochromatin on the chromosomes. For example， DAPI （4'，6-diamino-2-pheny- lindole dihydrochloride） results in the appearance of AT rich region on chromosomes， whereas CMA （Chromomycin A3） can reveal the GC rich region [13]. Fluorescence in situ hybridization （FISH） technique provides the accurate mapping information of rDNA probes on the chromosome， which becomes the more effective markers to distinguish chromosomes of plants [14]. She etc [15] analyzed the mitotic metaphase chromosomes of Arachis hypogaea L. species by using a combination of DAPI+ banding technology and double fluorescence in situ hybridization （FISH） technique with both 5S and 45S rDNA probes. On the basis of the chromosome measurements， DAPI+ bands and rDNA FISH signals， the chromosomes of Arachis hypogaea L. were accurately paired and arranged， leading to a molecular cytogenetic karyotype in detail.

However， DAPI banding patterns varies between different plant species. Xu etc[16] compared DAPI fluorescent banding patterns among different plant species， indicating that fluorescent bands were obviously observed in maize and peanut species， followed by sesame and loofah whose DAPI bands were relatively weaker. However， no clear DAPI bands could be identified in soybean chromosomes.

2 DNA Molecular Marker

DNA molecular marker technologies for plant variety identification mainly include RFLP， RAPD，ISSR，AFLP，SNP and SSR. However， the ranking of these molecular marker techniques based on comprehensive effectiveness is AFLP>SSR>RAPD>RFLP， which has been internationally recognized in the 92th ASHS conference[17]. This review summarizes the recent development of both SSR and AFLP marker technology for variety differentiation.

2.1 SSR marker

EST-SSR molecular marker technique was conducted by Zhao etc [18] to identify 12 Chinese cabbage cultivars. Based on expressed sequence tags（ESTs）of Chinese cabbage in GenBank， 30 pairs of screened SSR primers were designed and synthesized， resulting in 21 pairs of EST-SSR primers which were effectively amplified， but only 10 pairs of EST-SSR primers were highly polymorphic. According to the identification results and the mapping difference， 10 pairs of primers with high polymorphism were designed as 2 sets of multiplex EST-SSR markers to distinguish these 12 Chinese cabbage varieties， with satisfactory polymorphic rate of 88.9% and 97.0% respectively， as well as high polymorphism information content of 0.910%.

Lai etc[19] selected 26 inbred lines and 54 test varieties for the examination of distinctness， uniformity and stability （DUS） of these varieties by adopting SSR markers. 49 pairs of SSR primers were screened from 952 pairs in total， based on the criteria of richness of polymorphism information content （PIC）， the clearness of PCR bands and convenience of different allele identification. 49 pairs of SSR primers led to 57 loci with 311 alleles identified in total. The average number of alleles per locus was 5.5， ranging from 2 to 13， with a mean PIC of 0.53. Cluster analysis showed that all test varieties were clearly distinguished by 49 markers when the genetic similarity coefficient was set as 0.93.

In order to provide robust reference for the identification of barley varieties and avoid counterfeit and inferior varieties， Wang etc [20] selected 29 barley standard varieties and genetic diversity was analyzed by DUS testing. 28 pairs of highly polymorphic SSR primers were chosen， leading to 125 alleles measured in total. Each pair of polymorphic primers detected an average of 4.46 alleles， with polymorphism information content （PIC） varying from 0.81 to 0.25 and an average PIC of 0.62 among 28 pairs.

The specificity and stability of 123 representative rice varieties were analyzed by Tian ect[21] based on SSR fingerprinting profiles， and the value of SSR core markers chosen in this study was examined. 24 pairs of primers detected 138 alleles in total， with 12 loci detected in single cultivar and 21 loci successfully distinguishing japonica and indica rice varieties. On the basis of genetic similarity coefficient set as 0.96 for the classification， all tested varieties showed their unique specificity by cluster analysis， which indicated that 24 pairs of SSR core primers was able to effectively identify 123 varieties of rice.

2.2 AFLP marker

Six pairs of AFLP primers with rich polymorphism were screened by Li etc[22] to conduct fingerprinting analysis on two Chinese cabbage samples （label 587 and 586） as well as a standard sample. Euclidean distances coefficient of each sample was estimated， indicating that distinct difference was found between the sample 587 and standard sample， with the polymorphism band rate of 31.7%. Consequently variety 587 was identified as a different variety from the standard sample. In comparison， variety 586 showed consistent PCR bands with the standard sample， which was consequently identified as the same variety as the standard sample. This research demonstrated that AFLP was capable of providing reliable differentiation technology for plant cultivars.

In total 14 samples of eight varieties and six wild populations of Toxicodendron vernicifluum from Shaanxi were chosen by Wei etc [23] for the development of variety identification technique. Both morphological and AFLP molecular markers were examined with 26 morphological character indexes and 8 AFLP primers （EcoRⅠ+3/MseⅠ+3）. Multivariate statistic analysis was conducted on morphological markers， resulting in 3 principle component index （PCI）. The fist PCI included the ratio of petal and anther， length to width of the fifth lobular， the length and diameter of filament； the second PCI covered the length of compound leaf and petiole of compound leaf， the numbers of leaflet， the fifth lobular， and the top lobular； and the third PCI were the top lobular and the vertex angle of the fifth lobular， which respectively contributed to 30.383%， 19.321% and 13.777% of variance in morphology of 14 varieties. Further more， molecular markers of 8 AFLP primers （EcoRⅠ+3/MseⅠ+3） also completely distinguish 14 cultivars， in consistence with morphological markers.

Wen etc[24] tried to distinguish 26 jujube cultivars and 1 sour jujube by adopting fluorescent-labeled AFLP markers. 8 AFLP primer pairs were chosen， leading to 886 AFLP markers identified in total. Among these AFLP markers， 112 markers were identified as unique bands for specific varieties， whereas 60 markers were deletion bands for specific varieties， leading to effective identification of jujube cultivars.

Song etc[25] chosen 90 cultivars of Chinese cabbages from 7 different production areas， and developed fingerprinting technique based on AFLP markers for the identification. In total 20 pairs of AFLP primers were designed to examine the genetic polymorphism of these cultivars， and AFLP primers varied broadly in terms of differentiation capacity of Chinese cabbage varieties. The number of polymorphic bands that were detected by AFLP primers differed from 9 to 32. A combination of primers （E-ACA/M-CTG） resulted in 71 amplified bands， including 32 polymorphic bands， which effectively distinguished all of the 90 varieties. In comparison， the genetic polymorphism between individuals of the same variety was also examined by AFLP marker technique. Two hybrid cultivars （Beijingxin 2 and Jingxiawang） of Chinese cabbage were selected and 10 individuals were chosen from each cultivar. The AFLP bands showed consistence between individuals of the same variety， except that one of Beijingxin 2 differed from the others.

2.3 Capillary electrophoresis with fluorescence detection

Compared with polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and silver staining technique， capillary electrophoresis with fluorescence detection method is more automated and programmed. The system software of capillary electrophoresis with fluorescence detection is able to calibrate the differences between capillary electrophoresis， and reduce the artificial and systematic errors， which consequently improves the stability and repeatability of variety identification tests [26]. Feng etc[3] screened 58 SSR primers to identify 14 Poplar varieties by application of capillary electrophoresis with fluorescence detection， which included 4 varieties of Populus deltoids， 5 varieties of Populus nigra （including 3 transgenic varieties） and 4 hybrid varieties. The results showed that the 4 varieties of P. deltoids， 5 varieties of P. nigra， and 4 hybrid varieties were effectively identified by 4 primers， 5 primers， and 4 primers respectively， with significant difference observed at the SSR loci between P. deltoides and P. nigra. Different SSR genotypes were also identified between the transgenic and non-transgenic varieties.

3 Conclusion and Implication for Biodiversity Monitoring and Assessment

In comparison to the DNA molecular marker， cytological marker techniques result in less polymorphism for the sub-populations’ differentiation of a plant species， but obviously reduce the cost of this work， once biodiversity monitoring and assessment projects are implemented at large scale. Consequently， cytological marker would be more suitable as the main solution for environmental engineers to conduct genetic resource collection work， based on which DNA molecular marker would become a complementary solution. Capillary electrophoresis with fluorescence detection method certainly leads to higher accuracy and stability for identification tests. Nevertheless， the relatively cheaper facilities required by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and silver staining technique would be more acceptable in practice， which has been adopted by recent National Standards including Protocol of Purity Identification for Soybean Variety using-SSR Molecular Markers （NY/T 1788-2009）， as well as Genuineness and Purity Verification of Potato Seed Tuber - SSR Molecular Marker （GB/T 28660-2012）.

Collection and storage of sampling location information as well as photos of plant morphological characters are usually necessary for the genetic resource collection work as indicated by Regulation for the Collection of Genetic Resources （HJ628-2011）， and GIS technology provides a supportive tool for the collection and storage of both location information and field sampling photos [27] in this process.

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养生保健方法范文第3篇

国家中医药管理局副局长马建中在“中医养生保健治未病健康工程学术大会”上说，要多方研讨养生保健“治未病”的深刻内涵，继承创新中医药预防保健方法和技术，促进中医养生保健服务的全面发展。

早在2000年前《黄帝内经》中提出的“治未病”理念，一直是中医药重要思想，始终贯穿于中医药预防保健治疗康复等各个环节。马建中说，近年来，随着健康观念和医学模式的深刻变化以及医学目的的重大调整，“治未病”这一古老而前沿的理念，显现出独特的优势和魅力。建立在“培元固本”、“辨证论治”基础上的养生理论、内外兼修的养生功法、治外调内的经络技术、调节脏腑的养生产品，对当今重大疾病尤其是老年病和慢性病方面，有着明确的现实意义。当一些所谓现代病、文明病相继出现之时，“未病先防，已病防变，愈后防复”的系统理论及灵活多样的技术手段，体现出重要的应用价值。

马建中说，中医养生在社会各个层面广受欢迎，中医“治未病”思想受到广泛关注，各级政府推动中医养生预防保健的力度不断加大，广大人民群众尤其是中老年人群、亚健康人群、老慢病人群从中获益匪浅，中医养生保健“治未病”面临良好的发展机遇。但是，我们也看到，中医“治未病”的理念尚未得到广泛普及，服务模式尚需不断完善，服务质量有待提高，手段和形式需要丰富，专业技术队伍缺乏，服务体系尚未形成，尚不能满足人民群众日益增长的健康需求。同时，广大群众对于中医养生基本知识、基本原理的认知有限，对于当前中医养生的各种说法和做法不具有判断力，一些打着养生旗号的人用极端的、片面的、违反中医基本原理的甚至是欺骗的手段，不实传播，在社会上造成大众对中医养生的认知偏差，长此以往，将对整个中医药的健康发展产生不利影响。

马建中强调，当前在医药负担不断增加的大环境下，中医养生在社会上受到前所未有的重视，国家将加大对中医养生保健的推广和投入：一是不断创新和推广“有特色、系统化、实用性”相结合的中医养生保健服务方案，发扬光大“治未病”思想，为众多中老年、亚健康、老慢病人群提供优质的中医养生保健服务；二是中医养生既要有理论深度，又要有科普宣传，要坚持“科学客观、实事求是、以人为本、服务社区”的原则，让广大群众学习到中医养生思想真实内涵，真正让群众受益；三是要积极引导中医养生产业健康发展、自我约束、科学规范。

“中医养生保健治未病健康工程”由中国保健协会、中华中医药学会、元润堂治未病研究院共同发起，以学术方式推动中医养生的继承和传播，旨在推广科学的养生保健文化，推行正确的养生保健方法，推进健康的养生保健方式，建立完善的养生保健体系，探索并构建能满足人民群众日益增长的养生保健需求的健康机构，让真正优秀的传统养生文化与技术为当今和谐社会服务。

养生保健方法范文第4篇

早在二千多年前，我国的第一部中医典籍《黄帝内经》中就明确提出：“上古之人，其知道者，法于阴阳，和以术数，食饮有节，起居有常，不妄作劳，故能形与神俱，而尽终其天年，度百岁乃去。”这里所讲的“天年”就是指人类的自然寿命应该是超过百岁。

现代医学对人类寿命的认识主要有三种不同的观点：第一种观点认为动物和人的寿命与其生长期有关，凡生长期长的，寿命就长，并以生长期作为标准，推测寿命是生长期的5～7倍。因为人类的生长期为20～25年，所以寿命应为100～175岁。第二种观点认为动物与人的寿命与性成熟期有关，性成熟期长的，寿命就长，并以性成熟期为标准，寿命是性成熟期的8～10倍。人类的性成熟期为14～15岁，寿命应为110～150岁。第三种观点是美国学者海尔弗利于1961提出来的，是以胚胎细胞传代的次数来推算寿命，人类的细胞传代次数为50～60次，寿命应为100～120岁。目前绝大多数老年医学学者都认为人类的最长寿命应该是110～120岁。从整体来分析，人类自10～15岁以后随着年龄的增长死亡率也逐年上升，能活到百岁的老人是很少见的，而突破110～120岁寿命界限的老年人更是罕见。

所以说，无论是我国的传统医学还是现代医学都认为人类的寿命期限应该是百岁以上。

健康长寿靠自己

《黄帝内经》认为那些“半百岁而衰”的人就是因为不懂得养生之道，生活无规律，“以酒为浆，以妄为常，醉以入房，以欲竭其精，以耗散其真……故半百而衰也。”

世界卫生组织（WHO）对人类健康与长寿因素进行系统地分析后宣布：“每个人的健康与长寿，60％取决于自己，15％取决于遗传因素，10％取决于社会因素，8％取决于医疗条件，7％取决于气候环境的影响”。WHO的分析结果说明，影响人类健康与长寿的因素主要是个人因素造成的（60％），也就是说每个人的心理健康、生活方式和行为习惯都是影响健康长寿的重要因素。

所以说，人们的寿命不能达到百岁主要是自己不注意养生保健造成的。北京是知识分子最为集中地区，然而一份跟踪了近10年的“知识分子健康调查”表明，这一人群平均寿命从10年前的58～59岁降至调查时期的53～54岁，50岁左右的中年人死亡率上升最快，中青年人猝死或过劳死时有发生。中关村是高科技人才密集的地方，但其中近八成的人却因为忙于工作而没有时间和精力去关注自己的健康，他们在创造财富的同时也在不断地透支着健康和生命。同时，我们还看到像牛玉儒这样的好干部却因工作过度劳累而英年早逝。

北京的调查还发现，以高血压、糖尿病为代表的生活方式疾病呈逐年上升之势，有1/3的人不同程度地患有这些疾病，而生活方式疾病的高危人群覆盖面达95.5％。天津市肿瘤医院专家在“2004年天津市肿瘤防治宣传周”提出，约有五成的癌症与饮食因素有关，调整饮食结构可减少三成癌症的发生。最新的一项统计表明，在我国时刻关注健康，健康意识较强的人只占了17%，大多数人缺乏健康意识。

教育家陶行知说：“忽视健康，就等于拿自己的生命开玩笑！”我们的新闻媒体在宣传先进人物的时候，往往是过分强调他们废寝忘食、夜以继日的工作态度，从不宣传和提倡健康的生活方式，所以对人民大众有一定的误导作用。应该说，我们的社会更需要心身健康的好干部和科技精英，我们希望他（她）们长命百岁。

养生保健观念上的误区

但是，人们对养生保健的认识和理解也常常存在着不少的误区，不但影响健康有时甚至可以造成人体危害。

1．认为养生保健是中老年人的事，与青少年没有关系

这种认识是非常错误的。因为养生保健是一个长期的系统工程，需要从小抓起，在这里套用小平同志的一句话，叫做“养生保健要从娃娃抓起”。许多人会说，青少年正是生长发育的时期，生龙活虎的还需要什么养生保健。其实，中老年时期的健康与否与青少年时期的养生保健做得如何有着非常重要的关系。

我们以对中老年人危害最大、造成老年人死亡率最高的心脑疾病为例。大家都知道引发中老年人的心脑疾病的主要原因是动脉粥样硬化，而动脉硬化的发展有着一个长期缓慢的过程，并不是中老年才出现的。近年来的研究发现，儿童时期的动脉上已经出现“脂质条纹”，这种条纹的出现标志着动脉硬化刚刚开始形成，至青年时期已有少量脂质斑块出现在动脉壁上，并随着年龄的增加而不断增长，发展至影响心脑血管的血液供应时便会引发心脑血管疾病，严重者甚至危及生命。如果自儿童时期即开始注意养生保健措施的预防，就会明显推迟动脉硬化的过程和减少心脑血管疾病的发生。

2．希望用一种简单的方法，就能够达到养生保健的目的

人体的生长发育、衰老死亡是一个非常复杂的过程，与人的个体情况和外界环境均有着密切的关系。也就是说，人体的健康长寿与遗传、社会环境、气候环境、医疗条件和个人的生活方式均有关，所以不是一两种养生保健方法就能保证自己健康长寿的。就个人因素而言，最少要通过五种养生保健的方法才能做到：一是要心态平和，处世乐观；二是要起居有常，生活规律；三是要饮食有节，合理营养；四是要适量运动、持之以恒；五是要根据体质，适度滋补。前四种适合于所有的人，最后一种仅适合体质虚弱的人。只有进行综合性地养生保健才能取得满意的效果。

由于人们希望有一种简单的方法就能够起到全面的养生保健作用的心理，所以当宣传某种方法能防病治病时，往往从者甚众，却收效甚微，有时甚至会对机体造成危害。如数十年前曾风靡全国的“注射鸡血疗法”，到前几年出现的“甩手疗法”均属此类。还有人认为经常服用某些高级保健品就能起着养生保健作用，这些认为都是错误的。

3．被广告宣传所误导

目前，由于我国政府部门对广告宣传的监管不利，各种媒体上的保健品广告铺天盖地，有些保健品任意夸大效果，宣传严重失实。尽管人们已经越来越理智地对待广告宣传，但是还是有一些人对认识不清，甚至错误地认为越昂贵的保健品的效果就越好。还有的人认为，吃保健品是有病治病，无病强身，于是，广告上说补钙好就买钙片，说补锌好就买锌片，说肾虚就补肾，说血虚就养血，保健品吃了不少，花了不少钱，但有时效果并不理想，甚至吃出了一些副作用。

养生保健方法范文第5篇

问:乌伟・艾雄先生,你是德国索林根太极道养生学会会长,罗冰女士是内养功的老师,你们多年来在德国进行内养功养生保健培训,并带领德国朋友多次到中国北戴河医学气功培训基地学习内养功养生保健功法,请二位谈谈对内养功的认识。

答:内养功发源于中国,现在已经走进德国,走向世界。为什么德国、法国等许多国家的人们喜欢学习和练习内养功呢?这是因为内养功是很好的养生保健功法。大家都知道,任何事物的发展变化,内因起主要作用,外因要通过内因起作用。参加刘亚非老师的培训和多年的实践不断认识和理解内养功这个“内”字就是要通过内求的方法调动人体内部的能力,更好地提高和改善人体的内环境,加强人体的各部分功能,使阴阳平衡,达到一个新的状态。随着高效率、快节奏的生活工作方式以及竞争给人们带来的压力,长期的紧张极易导致各种疾病的发生,如高血压、冠心病、肠胃病、呼吸系统疾病和神经衰弱、失眠等疾病。内养功的功法首先使人身各部位、各器官放松,“放松”对养生保健起着重要作用。通过练习内养功的松静法,通过调整意念、调形调息、动静相兼等内容,使身体各个部位达到松融,精神意念达到恬静,就有助消除紧张,改善血液循环,起到防治高血压、心血管病、胃肠疾病和神经衰弱、失眠等疾病的作用。内养功功法除了放松作用外,还有通过特殊的停闭呼吸法促进新陈代谢、疏通经络、调和气血、平衡阴阳的作用。中国医学讲,通则不痛,痛则不通,内养功功法能起到疏通经络、血脉、呼吸、器官的作用,自然而然就起到了养生保健的作用。

另外要说明的是,人患病后,对症服药是必要的,但是凡药三分毒,有些药物副作用很大,如治疗青春痘的异维A酸胶丸,长期服用有人可患抑郁症,甚至造成自杀的恶果。而内养功的练习没有副作用,只要掌握正确的练功方法,并持之以恒练功,就会收到良好的效果,所以我们称内养功是没有副作用的绿色养生保健法。我们太极道养生学会隶属于德国科隆体育大学,所办的两年制的成人再教育班,内养功是必修课。

问:既然德国人认识到内养功是很好的养生保健功法,在德国是如何开展内养功养生保健活动的?

答:德国很多人都知道内养功,并学练内养功,不仅有一些民间的学术团体组织学习、推广和应用,而且在一些研究机构、大学和医疗机构也开展内养功的培训和研究。在德国西部有波恩气功养生学会,中部有索林根太极道养生学会,在首都柏林成立了“内养功培训中心”和守中中医学校,专门开设了内养功的师资培训和医师培训,在法兰克福有“内养功学校”,南部慕尼黑等城市有中医学校和德国气功协会,也都开展内养功的培训和学习。从1996年起,在十几年里,除了以上各个组织每年在全国招生举办内养功培训班外,奥登堡大学、宏堡医科大学、爱兰恩医学院等也相继并展了内养功的培训和研究。刘亚非老师和冯益建老师到德国讲学,他们的足迹遍及德国许多地方,给德国人民送来了内养功、太极拳功法,送来了健康,送来了友谊。我们也每年在全国招生,到中国北戴河气功培训基地来进修、学练内养功和太极拳,仅德国太极道养生学会前后10年,就有200多人来北戴河接受培训。回到德国后,除自己养生保健外,很多人已成为辅导员或老师。目前,在德国很多地方都开展对内养功的培训、应用和研究工作。德国有8200万人口,其中有十几万人学练气功和太极拳。通过学练内养功和太极拳,许多人的免疫力提高了,收到了健康身心的良好效果。我们相信不久的将来,会有更多的人学练内养功,德国有可能成为学练内养功的王国。

问:德国开展内养功养生保健活动很活跃,是否与德国政府的支持有关,请介绍一下德国政府是如何支持内养功养生健身活动的?

答:你说的很对,德国政府给了气功和太极拳在德国开展的广泛空间,并且通过大学和研究机构的参与加入,使其应用与研究层次很高。这也是德国政府的聪明之处,他们明白,通过学练气功,能够增强国民的身心素质,国民不生病、少生病,身体健康,一来国民减少生病的痛苦,二来减少国家、医疗保险公司的开支,这是件对国家对人民都有好处的事情。因此,国家不干涉气功养生保健活动,而是给予一定的支持。政府支持医疗保险机构承认气功保健,对于气功预防疾病的效果予以肯定。并明文规定,凡参加有德国资质气功老师(包括内养功)培训班的人员,医疗保险公司给予报销一定数额的培训费。参加中国刘亚非老师内养功培训的学员,德国医疗保险公司专门批示,列入此报销范围内。在德国北威州还有一条特殊的规定,参加有资质气功老师气功培训的,可以从欧盟基金里报销培训费。德国有的企业还规定,凡参加7天以内各种进修培训的,其中包括参加气功和太极拳培训,不算休假,不扣工资。