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world expo is a great influence and a long history of international activities, is the largest gathering of human beings. people from around the world gathered in one place display their products and skills, boast of their hometown and motherland. expo set the culmination of human civilization, which has a unique appeal, make you feel surging.
world expo is a platform, we are the masters. she put up a platform for us to let the world know us; she built a bridge for us, so we better communicate with the world. this platform may let us display self wantonly. we are the masters here, we have to landlord, let guest experience enthusiasm and happiness.
everyone to contribute for the expo, we are no exception, as a living piece of fertile land in pudong's teachers, we are proud and pride. in the vision of a better tomorro(转载自百分网,请保留此标记。)w, we have to do for the world expo will own a wonderful ability, we have through our hands, warm heart and sincerity to practical action to achieve the commitment of shanghai to the world. we should educate the many students: do not throw garbage anywhere, no spitting, no jaywalking ... ..., hello, thank you frequently mention, let the material on this city with the new york comparable to the spiritual civilization. educate our students to exciting 2010, willing to shanghai's future by copies of power, if only planted a small tree, participants in the shanghai world expo foreign guests feel: this is a forest city, pollution-free city, ancient and civilized city. better city, better life! until the time of the 2010 expo, then, we want to become a glorious volunteers, to changing our foreign friends in shanghai and china's long history, a
good afternoon, my dear friends.
i am very happy to meet you here.it is my great honor to communicate with you at such a special occation.first of all,please allow me to express my appreciation to you all to listion to me.
i am proud of being a college student.the collegelife is fresh,new teachers, new classmates and new friends. i like the friendship, and their wide knowledge and opening mind. the grand library, school buildings and wide playground attrattde me very much.my college life is better than i expected, i can do anything i like. in the college we can not only learn the professional knowledge,but also develop our comprehensive abilities.if we can make full use of the period,we can learn many useful things.besides,we should have the active attitude to our life,do a contributionto the society.collegelife is the most precious time in our life.most of us want to become an outstanding man. but there are some students still waste their time. they get together for eating, drinking or playing cards. they're busy in searching for a girlfriend or a boyfriend. they completely forget their task as college students.
finally, i hope everybody can try their best to become a worthy person to our country, and make great contributions to the society!
In recent years, more and more strongly on the integrity of the call, which may not be the integrity of the ancient Chinese records much better than now, but the integrity of consciousneis now slowly waking. This cake just as pided as earlier, in fact there is no cake in front of us, so we Harmony, nothing to dispute things. Now the times, probably with a distribution of cake for everyone, but the cake is not big enough, and can not guarantee that everyone can share a piece of satisfied Moreover, there is no clear and credible special rules for the sub-cake, the result beings scramble or intrigues you, nothing but want to own a piece large enough that, naturally, others have lecake, this time, people call the most pressing integrity. As society increasingly rich, the cake bigger, and sub-cake clear rules, and social credibility will be much better. Therefore, the Chinese are so eager to call for faith, not backwards, but we are climbing.
Du ancient times issued "tens of thousand, the largest shelter scholars of the world all smile," he, as the poor of one of those very closely; and Bai singing "to people I do not know cold to warm, leclothing for lichens man" when I think he bit Gaojue thick though, but also from genuine. Because we have too poor, it is always a good faith may emerge in the dream of luxury.
China is now gradually to prosperity, so the credibility suddenly emerged around us almost full of all types of integrity businesses and inpiduals, all highly imaginative deception, for example, put some washing powder to the bread in; to Pigs fed clenbuterol or lots of water injection point; to the turtle eel feed point of contraceptives and so amazing. False advertising various businesses, products and profits, it is endless, so look for the Chinese stock market was launched respected companies such a thing. Why the sudden lack integrity and we so eager to call credit?
The desire in people to the faith, in fact, have some prophetic nature. If we still have nothing or to Dousipixiu, then our own respect for life, property and freedom of consciousneis still sleeping on unawakened, exactly 20 years of reform and opening up, wake up the consciousneof people sleeping inside, but when we woke up in the age of the cake is not big enough yet, so there are a variety of bad faith disputes, in fact, behind the word, but is a benefit! But this is still a step forward, not backwards. We often say that the United States in the national level of credibility to the more silly, but a century ago Americans had not been so honest in the past the motels in the United States, toilet pa-pe-r, cups and even towels missing, almost commonplace, in very abundant material wealth, the theft of a small property so much lebehavior. The same is true in many parts of China, such as Fujian Jinjiang, Wenzhou and so on, a local product who is synonymous with counterfeiting, but now the development of local economy and the rule of law to a certain stage, they are themselves up to good faith, and has, and then the Wu made the next big difference Amon. This is probably what we call adequate food, clothing and bred, and know etiquette Depository real meaning of it!
[关键词]演讲;英文电影赏析课;听说思辨能力
2004年初教育部启动了“大学英语教学改革”,并颁发了《大学英语课程教学要求》。新的教学要求强调培养学生的英语综合应用能力和专业英语技能,特别是听说能力,其中对口语表达能力的要求是“在学习过程中用英语交流,能就一般或专业性的话题较为流利、准确地进行对话或讨论,并就所熟悉的话题经准备后作简短发言,能清楚表达个人意见、情感、观点等”。教学改革实践的6年中,广大师生越来越关注口语表达能力和跨文化交际能力,各种相关研究也成为热点。但是,在注重英语发音和交际能力的同时,新的问题出现了,学生口语表达往往内容空泛,缺乏深度,欠缺逻辑性和思辨性。在这种情况下,急需探索新的教学模式来培养学生运用逻辑思维和创造性思维,提高学生的辩证思维能力和口语表达能力,使之言之有物。
20世纪90年代开始,我国的学者和教师开始关注英语演讲和教学的关系。很多学者认为把英语演讲引入大学英语教学课堂教学是一种创新和有益的尝试,但开展英语演讲的教学活动的目的并不是把每个同学都培养成演讲家,而是以演讲的方式发展学生的外语学习和运用的能力、逻辑思维能力、辩证思维能力以及用英语清楚地表达复杂思想的能力。将演讲引入英文电影赏析课来提高学生的听说思辨能力就是一种新型教学方式的积极探索。
一、将演讲引入英文电影赏析课的意义
演讲是指讲话人在交流过程中处于中心地位,向听众做连续性发言的行为。演讲这种开放探索式的学习还是提高学生综合分析、推理等思辨能力的有效手段,有利于学生逻辑思维、批判性思维和创造性思维的培养,有助于学生灵活有效地把所学应用到实际的语言交际中去。众所周知,语境是学好语言,特别是提高听说能力的关键因素。最理想的语境自然是所学语言的国家或地区真实的生活环境。因此,这就需要我们在外语教学中尽可能地去创造这样的条件。英文电影赏析课是教授和学习英语可以利用的理想辅助工具。将英语演讲引入英文电影赏析课堂,有意识地把语言形式与社会语境结合起来,最大程度地减少母语文化因素的干扰,能够创造英语思维和交流环境,激发学生的学习动机,从而提高学生的英语口语表达能力和逻辑、思辨能力。
把演讲作为一种教学和训练的手段引入英文电影赏析课堂,在欣赏完英文电影之后,就电影所探讨或展现的某一主题或文化现象,学生以演讲的形式表达自己的观点,是一种新型的课堂讨论方式。这种方式在英语教学中具有重要的意义和应用价值,对学生英语综合能力和素质的提高大有裨益。首先,这种模式能够夯实学生的语言功底,训练学生学会有计划、有目的、有主题、有系统、有结构地在公众面前表达自己的观点、想法和建议等。学生在欣赏电影时,可以接触到原汁原味的英、美语言,纠正语音语调;通过设计自己的演讲稿,学生可以培养思辨能力和逻辑能力;通过课堂演讲,学生可以向同学和老师传递信息,锻炼其语言组织和表达能力。其次,要想打动听众,演讲中必须具有足够的信息量。所以,在准备演讲的过程中,学生能摆脱被动盲目的欣赏电影状态,而学会主动搜索和电影相关的历史背景知识、文化习俗知识以及阅读原版的英文报刊杂志和时事新闻。一方面可以让学生对所欣赏的电影有了更全面的认识和理解,另一方面也提高了学生自主学习的能力,有助于学生扩大知识面。为了完成演讲任务,学生要经过收集材料、筛选和语言组织过程,所以他们一直处在一种非常投入和主动的学习状态中。此外,课堂演讲练习会帮助学生增强对欣赏英文电影的兴趣和热情,增强英语表达方面的自信心,克服学生中普遍存在的交际恐惧。
二、将演讲引入英文电影赏析课的教学模式
将英语演讲引入EFL教学中,可以提高学生的辩证思维能力和口语表达的逻辑性。利用英文电影赏析进行外在真实演讲环境和内心体验的感悟,学会归纳经验和语言文化新知识,学生的语言综合能力和素质必然会有明显的提高。英文电影赏析课中的演讲教学训练模式有以下几种:模仿学习、常规训练、技巧训练、测试与考评等。英文电影赏析中的演讲活动有着很大的可行性与可操作性,可作为英语教学活动的延伸和补充。
英文电影赏析课中的模仿学习是英语演讲初学者的基础,是学习语言表达、掌握一般演讲风格的第一步。作为英语演讲的初学者,学生可以通过观看一些英语母语者成功的范例,如英文电影中的名人演讲、经典对白等,充分地运用视听演示材料进行观摩学习、模仿比较、分析探究,从而找出有利于自身发展的契点、特点和方向。模仿性演讲有助于学生迈出演讲的第一步,激发学生积极参与演讲的积极性,克服羞怯心理。而且模仿性演讲的长度可以根据不同学生的具体情况自行掌握。既可以是一分钟的电影独白,也可以是三分钟的影片对白或更长的电影片段模仿。
英文电影赏析课中的常规训练以学生自由讨论、定题演讲和即兴演讲训练为主,以提高学生的有效交际能力为目标。如英文电影观赏完后,教师鼓励学生从各个角度进行思考并进行恰当的指导,学生经过自由讨论能活跃思路,迸发出思想火花。有效交际能力是指学生能利用口头语言表达自己的思想、观点的能力,其突出表现是能就某一问题独立思考和分析,并言之有理有据。在课堂上进行演讲练习及相互反馈,还可以增强学生的自信心,并不断练习所学过的演讲技巧。针对学生语言运用能力较差,缺乏思辨能力和学习英语自信的情况,可以在英文电影赏析课上组织定题演讲,使学生能够就特定主题发表观点。演讲主题可以是电影中所探讨的社会问题,也可以是电影中涉及的文化现象或历史事件。比如,看完电影《辛德勒的名单》后,以“人文主义”为主题进行定题演讲;再如,看完电影《珍珠港》后,以“第二次世界大战”或者“珍珠港事件”为主题进行定题演讲。学生写好演讲稿后首先在小组内部交流讨论,然后在全班进行演讲。进行定题演讲的目的是要锻炼语言表达能力,熟悉演讲稿的写作和演讲技巧,建立自信。在学生基本克服羞怯心理,初步掌握演讲技巧的基础上,教师可以在观看英文电影后在课上组织即兴演讲,让学生就和电影相关的话题或问题进行即兴演讲和评论。教师可以根据电影内容设计演讲题目,学生在10分钟内准备2分钟的演讲。比如,看完电影《死亡诗社》后,可以让学生就“珍惜时光”这个主题进行即兴演讲;再如,看完电影《城市之光》之后,让学生以“我心中的光”为主题进行即兴演讲。进行即兴演讲练习的目的是要培养语言组织能力和逻辑思维能力。
英文电影赏析课中的演讲技巧训练旨在巩固和加强常规训练内容。导致演讲失败的一个重要原因是由于缺乏经验和技巧。通过英文电影观赏,可以帮助学生掌握如何熟记台词,有效表达,呼应观众。但仅有模仿是不够的,一定要掌握一些演讲技巧,如材料收集与讲稿撰写的技巧、演讲的心理准备与回答问题的技巧等。在众人面前讲话紧张是人皆有之的“ 怯场”现象,但通过训练掌握一定的技巧可以使学生学会控制情绪,并能把紧张情绪转化为积极因素以确保演讲成功。此外,英语演讲还要特别注意英语语言文化和习惯,包括句子结构、句子语调和语速;还有肢体语言的灵活运用,包括眼神、手势、表情等。要求学生尽量做到将真情实感投入到演讲过程中,使演讲更具感染力和说服力。演讲是一门艺术,学生在准确、流畅表达的个人观点的同时,也要让听众感受到语言外在的力量和内在的思辨魅力。
英文电影赏析课中测试与训练相结合,是指要积极倡导学生之间的“互学、互练、互考”等强化训练方式。一方面给学生提供课堂练习机会,鼓励他们独立思考、分析、创新,另一方面通过测试与考评给予学生一定的压力。教师可以运用现代教辅设备协助进行测试。比如,教师可以使用摄像设备将学生的声音和形象记录下来,让学生的演讲出现在屏幕上,请全班学生一同评论,客观地分析演讲的优点和不足。这种方法也有助于学生更全面地了解自己目前的英语演讲水平。演讲是一种较高级的交际活动,对语言的流利性、准确性、观点的连贯性、逻辑的严密性、论据的充分性都有一定的要求。利用英文电影赏析进行测试可以提高学生的自觉性和主动性,使学生的演讲技巧及临场发挥各方面通过一定阶段的训练逐渐规范化,学生个人的演讲潜力也能得到充分发掘。
三、结 语
演讲是现代生活中语言交际的重要活动方式,也是培养学生综合分析、推理等思维能力的有效手段。英语演讲是运用语境教学,使其口语交际能力更上一层楼的有效途径。将系统性的演讲训练与英文电影赏析课堂教学相结合,从模仿练习到定题演讲,再到即兴演讲,逐步培养学生的语言运用能力、逻辑思维能力、实践创新能力和思辨能力等;将英语口语学习与电影中的各种热点话题、文化现象和社会问题有机地结合,有助于使学生的英语学习更加真实、接近英语国家文化和生活,有利于培养学生的文化素养和逻辑思维能力,提高学生的英语听说思辨能力及语言综合应用能力。将演讲嵌入英文电影赏析课堂,正是以培养学生在真实语境中灵活运用语言能力、进行有效交际作为的最终训练目标。它不仅以语言为手段,以交际为目的,更注重培养学生的过硬语言能力、逻辑与创造思维能力。
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