文化英语论文

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文化英语论文范文第1篇

On Culture Taboos in Translation of Trademark Words and Coping Strategies

Xu Huimin

Abstracts: With the advent of economic globalization, more and more commodities are going out of the country and have a share in world market. Trademark is a special language symbol and important component of commodity culture，representing the unique characteristics of the commodity. It is also a powerful weapon for enterprisers to participate in international competition. Good trademark translation can bring tremendous wealth to the enterprise while the adverse trademark translation can make the enterprise pay a heavy price; therefore the survival of the enterprise has an intimate relationship with trademark translation. Trademark translation should follow the principles of translation and pay attention to the cultural forbidden zone in trademark translation. Here are many ways to translate trademarks, such as pinyin, transliteration and so on, which should pay attention to the cultural taboos of different countries and nationalities in order to avoid unnecessary troubles. 

1.    Introduction

The emergence of trademarks as a symbol of enterprise, it is a bridge between producers and consumers in direct dialogue it is a powerful weapon for enterprises to participate in international competition. The deepening of China's opening-up and the increasing economic activity of foreign-funded enterprises in China has greatly enriched the economic life of the Chinese people and created many new economic and commercial activities for the Chinese people. A large number of domestic exports to all parts of the world, foreign goods also flooded into the domestic market. Legitimate goods have their own trademarks. Today, with economic globalization and regional economic integration, more and more Chinese enterprises in order to seek larger development space and seek higher economic effectiveness for go out of the country and tend towards the world. At the same time, our lives appear many foreign brands with the same idea and purpose. A company whether can set up its own brand in this time of rapid economic growth and gain more development space, the key depend on product quality and research and development. But once you out of the country, you will face different culture, language, customs... under the background of the international market. The trademark language is a kind of language different from the ordinary word, and the ordinary word comparison implication is more profound and the content enriches makes the people easy to remember. For example advertisement and translation of trademark will play a crucial role in the early stage. It is not an exaggeration to say that when an enterprise’s brand is in the international market, the name of the commodity translated appreciately or not. In a sense, it is directly related to the brand in the international market, in a way, is directly related to the enterprise brand in the international market.

Nowadays we can see all kinds of trademarks when we walking in the street. The trademark is has the remarkable feature of a commodity producer or business operator who use it in order to distinguish his goods from other people's goods. Therefore, in the circulation of commodities, trademark is the symbol of commodities. Some trademarks is a word, some trademarks are just a simple image design, while some signs are the combination of graphics and words. Taking trademarks advertising commodity has become an important way of enterprises to tap the potential of international market and promote the development of international trade. Trademark translation is the transformation from one language to another, and to maintain its original style and connotation. Nowadays more and more foreign goods are entering the Chinese market. Meanwhile, more and more Chinese products are selling goods all around the world. How successfully translate the English trademark into Chinese trademark has become a problem for many enterprises and the translator to consider, and if China's enterprises have intention to enter the international market, that must be consider how to have good translate for Chinese trademark the into the English trademark.

This paper starts from the taboo of trademark translation, analyzes the cultural taboos which should be paid attention to in the process of trademark translation due to different cultures of various countries. With the exchange of Chinese and foreign products, the translation of trademarks is inevitable, so the translation of trademarks plays an important role in the sale of goods outside the home. The first chapter mainly introduces the background and significance of trademark translation. The second chapter mainly introduces the method of trademark translation. The third chapter mainly introduces the different cultural taboos in different cultures, and the fourth chapter mainly puts forward some corresponding strategies for the cultural taboos in the world. The fifth chapter mainly summarizes the full content.

2. Translation Methods of Trademark

In the process of trademark translation, businessmen strive for trademark individuality, concise content, break through the rules of grammar, as far as possible with the least content text bearing the most corporate culture and commodity value, and to make consumers have the desire to buy the goods and facilitate the effect of memory.( 许金杞. 意美、音美、形美——英文商标的汉译[J], 外语与外语教学，2002, (11): 48.).

2.1Transliteration

Transliteration is based on the pronunciation of English trademarks, which are translated in the same or similar pronunciation of Chinese characters. Its advantage is that it can maintain the original pronunciation advantage of the original brand and brand name, which can reflect the exotic atmosphere of the goods. Taking transliteration of trademark name is mainly composed of a person's name, enterprise name or other proper noun. This method is used in both English trademark translation and Chinese trademark translation. A common used for transliteration English trademark, such as Sony, L 'Orea, Nike, Casio, Revlon, Ikea etc.

2.2 Synthetic Phonics

Synthetic Phonics is to cut words or make words together, create a new word to translation brand name, make the brand name novel and interesting, impressive, and have abundant association. Therefore, it can play a role in the advocacy. Such as 新意达集团“Newit” (New + Wit), 东方星钟表“Eastar”（Eeast + star）, 肤美灵化妆品“Skinice”（skin + nice）, 金霸王电池“Durable cell” (Durable + Cell), 尤妮佳“Unicharm”（union + charm）, 德生电 “Tecsun”（technology+ sun）.

2.3 Spelling

The trademark taking spelling which is more simply and intuitive, and is named directly in the form of pinyin. Such as:大宝（DABAO）、六神（LIUSHEN）、华为（HUAWEI）etc. When we use pinyin to translate the name of an English trademark, sometimes it does not have corresponding words or expressions of Chinese. Some trademarks will be presented in the form of pinyin in the translation process, but the word may have different meanings in English-speaking countries. For example, there is a trademark called “FUCK Pincers”, which probably initials of the company name. But in English, the word means “cheating, cajoling” or even sex slang. Therefore, when we translate trademarks, we should be careful of each country of cultural differences and cultural taboos. Although the use of pinyin translation of trademarks have failed cases, but the use of Pinyin translation of trademarks have a successful case. Such as “Chun Lan”（春兰空调）and “Chang Hong”（长虹空调）. But these successes are in the minority. Some trademarks that use pinyin translation can be misleading, produce negative associations and cause ambiguity. Such as the lipstick brand “芳芳”, translated by pinyin as “Fang Fang”, but in English, the word “Fang” means “along, sharp tooth of a dog; a snake’s poison-tooth”. So, for cosmetics that want to make people beautiful, the translation is too different from its original meaning, and it can't arouse consumers' desire to buy. Although pinyin translation is relatively simple compared with other translation methods, but the trademark is only a sign, which usually loses the deep meaning of the original trademark. For example, “金龙” translates to “King Long”. The pronunciation of “金” and “King” is very close, and it has a noble meaning, and this conversion is reasonable. In China, “龙” is the symbol of Chinese culture, symbolizing the meaning of justice and prosperity, but the word “Long” in English pronunciation for “Wolf” so with the meaning of “龙” have a clear difference in meaning. In these cases, the loss of the original meaning of the trademark but also to foreign consumers puzzled, do not understand what these trademarks mean, thus affecting the sales volume.

2.4 Liberal Translation

The liberal translation refers to the translation according to the purport of the original text, not the word translation. Usually in the translation of sentences or phrases used more, liberal translation is mainly used in the original language and the translation of large cultural differences in the case. Liberal translation is more able to reflect the language characteristics of the nation. The transliteration of trade mark means that the translator has to abandon the literal meaning of the original text in order to conform to the original content and the main language function, which is based on the national culture and focuses on the cultural connotation. In other words, the transliteration is a completely literal translation. Such as “Red Bull”（红牛饮料），“Microsoft”（微软），The liberal translation, also called "Functional equivalence translation", usually only chooses the content of the original text and discards its form, which is a kind of translation after digestion. For example: “雀巢咖啡”translated into Nescafe. Nescafe is the abbreviation of Nestle Coffee, why do you have this translation? Because the coffee's outsourcing bottle cap is printed with the design of Nestle, its English is Nestle, and the “咖啡” translation is coffee, so in translating, The translator according to the meaning take two words together is “Nescafe”.

3. The Culture Taboos in Translation of Trademark

Because in international trade different countries have different social, historical and cultural backgrounds, a commodity often appears to be popular in one country, but in another it is neglected. This is because the translator did not take fully the cultural and historical background of the trademark translation into account, which led to the marketing failure. Translators should have a certain understanding of different countries of national culture and cultural taboos, there will not due to the mistake of trademark translation, result in the failure of commodity marketing. ( Nida, E. “Language, Culture and Translating”, 上海: 上海外语教育出版社, 1993.).

3.1 Taboos of National Psychology

National psychology refers to the character, temperament, emotion, value orientation, religious mentality and aesthetic psychology of a nation. Although the psychological model of a nation has the same characteristics as other nationalities, but most of them are different and mutually exclusive. The national psychological differences make people have psychological conflict in the people intercourse, and form the barrier of mutual intercourse. National psychology is the inherent psychological characteristic of a nation in the process of long-term evolution. Because different ethnic groups are affected by different ecological environment, religious belief and historical political and cultural background, different ethnic groups form different national psychology. Different national psychology has created different values and consuming psychology. The psychological mode of a nation inevitably influences its shopping mentality. In the process of trademark translation, if we ignore the national psychological differences, the good products will not be bought for the unacceptable translated trademark in sales place. Such as “帆船” carpet is also the traditional export products translated into junk results in the United States market no one to buy. Originally junk in English sailing accident also have rubbish, tattered meaning. Later it was translated into “Junco” to attract the attention of foreign people. Because of the different customs and morals of each country and nation, the translator should consider the culture and customs of the place of sale. The trademark of the  “太阳神口服液” wants to show the world that the oral liquid can be full of youthful vigor, not directly translated into the "the god of the sun", the translator in the translation of the Cultural transformation, translated as "Apollo", the ancient Greek sun God's meaning, representing the light and youth, with the original language.

3.2 Element of Politics, Economy and History

Politics, economy and history determine the status of a country in the world, so it is a cultural taboo is an important factor to be considered in the translation of trademarks and a sensitive factor, so it is very important to take into account the political, economic and historical taboos in translation. Such as OPIUM perfume, inventor of the trademark in 1977 had been to China, he started from the Chinese snuff bottle modeling inspiration, created the "OPIUM" brand perfume, trademark means "OPIUM", translated as OPIUM will remind the Chinese of humiliation of the opium war, the strong national pride makes the perfume was listed in China slammed by consumers, and eventually banned due to violation of China's trademark law. Bear in modern economic terms, it can be matched with market, which means "market of falling market", popularly known as "weak city, market and bear market". Such words should not be used on trademarks.

3.3 The Variation of Culture Taboos in Different Countries

3.3.1 The Variation of Animal’s Symbolic Meaning

Panda: in China, they are seen as animals and pets, but in Muslim countries, they are seen as pig. African trademark also bans the panda.

Bats: westerners believe it is a symbol of terror, death and foreboding. Even kids know it's a vampire. However, in our country, it is regarded as a symbol of happiness, as an auspicious omen.

Elephant: in India, Sri Lanka and other countries are auspicious things and solemn symbols. But in some European countries, elephants have the same meaning as idiots

Owl: in our country, the owl is regarded as an ominous sign. In addition to the Swiss, westerners believe that it is the embodiment of wisdom, courage and toughness.

Peacock: in our country and south Asia, it symbolizes auspiciousness and beauty. India also sees it as a national bird, but Europeans see the peacock as a scourge.

Dogs: dogs in the west are seen as a loyal partner, protected by law. Instead, in some parts of northern Africa, people hate dogs and taboo dogs.

Cats: in many countries, they are considered pets. Europeans think cats can bring good luck. But many people in western countries think black cats are unlucky.

The crane: our country regards it as a symbol of good luck and longevity, while the French think the crane is a stupid man's name.

Rabbit: many countries think that rabbits are cute and docile, but in Australia they are the exception. Because rabbits eat grass, they are the bane of wool production, so they don't like the “rabbi” brand.

Phoenix: in our country is a kind of the miraculous animals, on behalf of the "lucky, happiness, and elegant. Chinese people  believed that a “凤凰”bicycle can bring good luck, but in western culture legend phoenix is not dead bird, there is the meaning of" renewable "and" resurrection ", so the goods no takers in the west it is not surprising. A similar example of “喜鹊”，but the English word is “magpie” is talking about boring people in the west.

3.3.2 The Variation of Number Symbolic Meaning

0: Indians believe that the number ending in 0 is positive.

1: in the eyes of westerners, “1” means perfection and initiation.

3: the Greeks and Egyptians considered the “3” to be sacred, dignified and auspicious. Some western countries see this as an unlucky number.

4: North Korea, Japan and China think this number is unlucky. In the eyes of Japanese, it is lazy and useless. The Arabs thought it was immortal, so they attached great importance to this number.

7: Some Europeans and Americans think this is a good luck, while Singaporeans have the opposite idea.

8: this is a lucky number in China, which is very similar to the word "发", which people tend to choose when choosing a number. Singaporeans, however, say the Numbers are not good.

13: the west and Singapore think this number will bring bad luck and misfortune. So there are no 13 floors in western countries.

Digital deification also shows the difference between east and west. In our country “666”, “999”, “金六福”, “三元” and “13” these digital products, in the United States can see the “7-up”, “Modle Seven” and “7-eleven”and other trademarks of goods, but “666”, “13” goods exported to the United Kingdom and the United States will become a problem, because the “six” in the west is the symbol of the devil, 13 is an unlucky number. It is difficult for us to master the culture of each country, which requires us to accumulate knowledge to avoid the cultural taboos of other countries in the translation of trademarks.

3.3.3 The Variation of Color Symbolic Meaning

In China, green symbolizes life, red symbolizes passion, white symbolizes purity, and black symbolizes solemnity. In the United States, light colors are generally liked, such as ivory, light green, light blue, yellow, pink, light yellow, and they don't like purple. In France, people have imaginative about color. In addition, the color research and application is very exquisite, like red, yellow, blue and other colors. Bright-color is regarded as the symbol of vogue, luxuriant, nobility, so bright-color is popular in France. In eastern France, boys in fashion wear blue and girls wear pink. For Belgium, chrysanthemum means death, so similar to the chrysanthemum color won't welcome. For southern Belgium, girls love pink and boy love blue, ordinary people love the elegant grey. Avoid dark green, black and green color for Nazi uniform. It is not appropriate to use blue and yellow as a commercial in Sweden. Many countries like green, especially in the desert where Arabs see green as life, and green as a symbol of life for the flag. The Japanese, however, taboo green, who think green, is unlucky. In Malaysia, green is the symbol of disease. Westerners use white to symbolize purity, and black symbolizes death. Britain regards “red” as cruel and unlucky. In western countries, westerners regard white as a symbol of purity and beauty, and the bride's wedding dress is white, which symbolizes the purity and fidelity of love.

4.  Coping Strategies of Cultural Taboos in the Process of Translation

Trademarks are the unity of language and culture. Trademark translation, with the perspective of cross-cultural communication, accurately grasp, the surface culture and deep culture, which can turn the material value to the abstract spiritual value. It allowed consumers to understand the material value of goods and material language culture and spiritual culture. Goods are sold to different countries and regions, so cultural differences between different types and degrees are necessarily reflected in the language. Although the translator deals with individual words in trademark translation, the translator always faces two cultures. Facing with fierce competition, the translator must have a strong awareness of intercultural communication, and break the bondage of language form equivalence concept in order that bring out the sound and make all brand names of goods have broad market prospects.( [3] Newmark, Peter. A Textbook of Translation[M]. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 2001.).

4.1 Catering to Consumer Psychology

Culture affects all aspects of our lives. It restricts and regulates the process of feeling the world and forming ideas, thus forming some perceptual cultural determinism. These perceptual stereotypes affect people's values and consumer psychology. The translation of trademarks must take into account the cultural habits and aesthetic psychology of consumers. In international trade, it is not difficult to find that the product of the same trademark is popular in one place and suffers from a snub in another. It is important that whether trademark translation can cater to consumers' aesthetic psychology. A people said that "The translator must be a real cultural person". If the translator is not sufficiently knowledgeable about the language and cultural phenomena of the target language, it is likely to make unavoidable mistakes in language or culture. For example, the “白象” battery produced in our country is translated as “White Elephant”, originally in English, “White Elephant” meaning is “big and useless”. For example, there is a kind of electric appliance called “蝙蝠”, the Chinese will take their homophonic, “蝠-福气”. When translated into “Bat”, it will cause Westerners to resent it because they hate the animal. It is important to know how to translate the correct trademark. The import trademarks translation needs to take into account the traditional culture of China and the consumption psychology of Chinese consumers. Foreign products enter the Chinese market, if they want to set up a good product image, and be loved by Chinese consumers, they should have a translation which is consistent with Chinese consumers' cultural habits and aesthetic psychology Such as the United States drink “Coca Cola”, a translator used several of its similar homophonic Chinese characters as their trademark name in its first sale in China, the result is no one buy, because these several Chinese characters together reminiscent of the shape of the tadpole, meaning of “啃蜡蝌蚪”. Later, a called Jiang Yi translator careful study of the translation of the “Coca-Cola”, not only retained the “cola” pronunciation, but also cater to the Chinese consumer's psychology, point out its “delicious” taste, and the “happy” effect. In a sense, “cola” can be sold in the Chinese market, which is a good idea of the translation has played a great role.

4.2 The Use of Concise Language

For trademark translation, consumers are impressed by the simple and easy to understand and easy to understand. Because of the significant differences in pronunciation, word formation, historical background and cultural tradition between Chinese and English, some of the most concise and powerful trademarks in one language may appear to be protracted and difficult to remember. For example the American beer “Budweiser”, translate into“百德威斯” is difficult to remember Obviously there is no “百威” to be concise, and "百威" makes people feel refreshed and infinitely powerful. The trademark translation should make the reader feel good, remember, love and be willing to buy its goods, such as “Panten”(潘婷), “Olay” (玉兰油), the translation is elegant and pleasant to hear. Therefore, when translating trademarks, we should bear in mind the memory function of trademarks, make the translation straightforward and simple, easy to read and easy to remember, and try to avoid those lengthy and cumbersome ones, that is, no real meaning, difficult to read and hard to remember . The most important goal of trademark translation is to enable consumers to remember the products they represent through the translation of trademarks. Therefore, trademark translation must be simple, easy to remember and vivid image.

4.3 Reflecting Commodity Information

The function of a trademark is to illustrate the performance of the commodity and reflect the characteristics of the commodity. A trademark is also a concise advertisement. A commodity wants to open sale, besides the quality is good, the variety is opposite the road, the price is reasonable, very important one is the translation of the trademark. By trademark, people can have the most basic understanding of the commodity, as far as possible to the purpose of pre-sale. Therefore, the translation of the trademark should indicate the performance of the commodity from one aspect of the commodity, leaving a deep impression on the consumers. The translation must conform to the nature of the product and reflect its accurate positioning in the original text. For example: the world famous toothpaste brand Crest has the meaning of “Top, Peak point, Helmet” and so on, which makes people think of the “hard and hard surface protection”. If it can protect the teeth like a helmet, who can say no? Today, P&G products are almost everywhere in the world, and the “Safeguard” is particularly profound. The word is composed of “safe + guard”, safe means “safe, safe, reliable” and “guard” means “protection” two words together, became a “security”. This can make people think that the product is safe and does not stimulate the skin and can also play a role in skin care. The translation of the trademark should indicate the performance of the product and impress the consumers. Such as: the name “Benz” of Germany comes from the name of “KarlBenz”. In Taiwan, it was translated as “朋驰” and also translated as “本茨”. Although these translations are similar to the original name, the literal meaning does not reflect the performance of the goods, or it can be said to have no meaning. Now, "Benz" is translated as “Benz”, which is similar to the original name, which can also be thought of in the literal meaning of the translated name to the excellent performance of the car. Again such as “Nike” and “original intention”, the Greek goddess of victory, “娜姬”, “Nike” to the original feeling of propaganda object may be like a beautiful and victory, and the feeling of “Nike” to the Chinese tend to be more abrasion resistance, more in line with the consumer psychology of the Chinese . Excellent trademarks try to reflect the characteristics and advantages of commodities to cater to consumers' purchasing psychology. These logos are full of allegorical or inspiring people's rich associations to create an irresistible feeling.

The trademark language is a kind of language different from the ordinary word, and the ordinary word comparison implication is more profound and the content enriches makes the people easy to remember. Trademark language has several characteristics，First, the trademark language to have independence, only has the independent trademark to give the consumer the visual impact and the appeal, thus achieves the recognition and the approval goal. In other words, there could be no other identical trademarks. Second, the trademark language should be symbolic, trademark logo must have a high cohesion and profound implication. This requires businesses in the development of trademarks to the corporate culture, entrepreneurial spirit and the characteristics of enterprise products in the brand. Third, the trademark language should also be descriptive, refers to the trademark language generally implies the quality of goods, indicating its characteristics and performance. Four, the trademark language should also have the imagination characteristic, this can give the consumer an imaginary space, lets the consumer feel that uses this kind of product to have the unexpected effect. Five, use foreign words to do trademark language, according to their own cultural patterns, new things to be reconstructed.

文化英语论文范文第2篇

（一）激发学生的学习兴趣

兴趣是学习最有利的动机。有一部分学生对英语学习不感兴趣，产生排斥心理，尤其是在农村。农村信息技术不发达，学生很难接触到城市学生很容易接触到的那些英语节目、英语电影、英语动画片之类的信息。这让学生很难感受到两种文化之间的差异。而事实证明，几乎所有的学生，包括对英语不感兴趣的学生，都会表现出对跨文化知识的浓厚兴趣。例如，从跨文化的角度给学生解释“为什么英语中会有Youarealuckydog.Heworkedlikeadog.而汉语中‘狗’一词一般用于贬义”，学生就非常感兴趣，且容易理解和接受。因此，如果教师能在农村英语课堂教学中，融入大量跨文化知识，必然会激发绝大多数同学对英语学习的兴趣，从而提高英语学习效率。

（二）增强学生对语言知识的理解

在初中阶段，有很多语言使用规则，学生不易理解。农村学生更倾向于将语法规则看做是语言运算公式，只会套用，出现例外就无法接受。而对此，农村英语教师常采用的方法就是让学生去特殊记忆，不知道怎样解释。对于很多中式表达的不恰当和语用失误的解释更是难中之难。但是，如果充分利用跨文化交际知识加以解释就会事半功倍，例如，从跨文化角度给学生解释为什么与美国人打招呼时说：“Haveyouhadlunch？”是不合适的，学生则更容易理解。再如，英国人喜欢谈论天气，那么学生可能就觉得与英国人见面打招呼就应该说：“It’srainingtoday，isn’tit？”而实际上，英国人在谈论天气时，总是包含人们对天气的评论。所以，打招呼时说“：It’srainingterri-blyhardtoday，isn’tit？”更为合适。这些例子，从语法的角度是无法解释的。必须结合跨文化交际知识来解释，才能增强学生对语言知识的理解，优化课堂教学效果。

（三）为教学改革提供有效途径

成功的教学改革必须从正确的教学目的出发。语言学习的最终目的就是交际。从跨文化传递和跨文化交际的角度，转变农村英语教师的教学理念，让农村英语教师明确语法教学虽然重要，但它也只是为实现成功的跨文化交际打基础。只有以提高学生的跨文化交际能力为教学目标，才能在课堂教学中恰当地安排教学活动，增加有趣的教学内容，并以此激发学生对英语的学习兴趣、开拓学生的视野，实现英语素质教育。

二、农村中学英语教学中跨文化交际功能的缺失

（一）课堂教学

现在的农村英语教学在很大程度上，仍然受到传统英语教学的影响，仍习惯将语法教学作为课堂教学的核心内容，教师没有把外语的教学，看做是一种跨文化的传递。从教学目标来看，记忆语法规则，记忆固定用法一直是课堂教学的重中之重；从讲授方法来看，都是教师主讲的倾倒式传授，学生只能是记笔记和背诵；从课堂练习的形式来看，都是仿照课本内容做固定模式的对话练习，没有给学生充足的发挥空间，学生仍然是依靠记忆在对话，而不是考虑交际语境在对话，书面练习几乎都是练习册讲解，完全没有交际的训练。在这样的教学必然导致学生只能将语言看做一系列的符号，不能将学到的语言与交际联系起来。课堂的对话教学内容都是离学生生活较远的，呆板的，学生只会做对话，但不会交际。在现实中，虽然学过几年英语，但学生该说英语的时候却还是不知道说什么。学生背诵的课文只像背台词，这样的教学完全没有体现英语教学的跨文化交际功能，学生很难在课堂上学习到有关英美文化的知识和跨文化知识，这种教学很容易让学生产生厌烦心理，不会激发学生的学习兴趣，对于农村学生来说，课堂几乎是他们接触英语的最佳场所。因此，充分利用课堂传递跨文化知识，训练跨文化交际能力是十分必要的。因此，教师在备课时，应当搜集相关文化信息，融入课堂讲解。抛弃逐字逐句翻译的讲课模式，给学生呈现语境教学和启发式交际教学，让学生在真实的语境中学习语言的使用。教师通过启发提问的方式，让学生思考对话中的角色在该语境下应当说什么，应当怎样交际，这样的交际与中国文化中的交际有什么区别。这样学生学习的是如何利用所学的语言进行交际，而不是站在语境之外观看语言文字的使用规则。

（二）课后作业

农村中学英语作业基本上是背单词、课文和做练习册，没有给学生提供练习语言的机会，学习语言的目的就是交际，所以练习语言的最佳方式必然也是模拟交际，而实现成功的跨文化交际一定需要跨文化知识的积累。因此，英语课的作业，不应当只局限于死记硬背的记忆和类似文字游戏的语法练习册。应当采取措施，让学生在课后练习语言的交际和对跨文化交际知识的自主学习与积累。虽然农村学生的学习资料较城市学生少，但学生可以组成学习小组，教师向学生提供一些参考资料，安排几个学生一起完成一个选题的口语练习，并在课堂上进行展示，教师给予点评，这样的开放式作业，能够实现英语教学的跨文化交际功能，让学生感受到语言的魅力，体会到文化的差异，体验到语言的实用性。这对农村的中学和英语教师提出了更高的要求，学校应当尽量为教师提供读书、上网、交流及培训的条件和机会，教师也应当积极主动地钻研如何将英语课堂的跨文化交际功能不断提升。

（三）考核方式

从农村中学英语的考核方式来看，题目过多地关注了语法规则的考查，对文化和交际的考查几乎没有，英语的考核方式决定了学生学习的目标，没有安排在考核范围内的知识，学生不会重视。因此，提高农村中学英语教学的跨文化交际功能，必须将跨文化交际能力列为考核内容之一，这样教师才会重视，学生才会重视。对跨文化交际能力的考核可以有多种形式，如口语考试和书面考试，在口语考试中，可以设定若干选题，由学生抽签选择。让学生在某设定语境下分别进行与教师会话和学生之间自编对话，以考查学生的跨文化交际是否顺利。与教师对话考查学生的随机交际能力，学生之间的自编对话考查学生对该语境的理解及在该语境下语言的使用，在书面考试中，可以给出不完整的对话让学生在多个选项中选择最恰当的语句填空，也可以给出交际对话，让学改错或加以评论等。在考试中增加这类考查内容，一定会提高学生对语言跨文化交际的重视，更正学习英语的目的，改进学习英语的方法。

三、农村中学英语教学的改革方向

教学改革必定是从教师做起。无论是教学目标的转变，还是教学内容的调整，亦或是教学方法的改进，都对农村英语教师提出了更高的要求和挑战，提高农村英语教学的跨文化交际功能，必须先提高教师的跨文化交际能力。

（一）培养教师的跨文化交际意识

教师的跨文化交际意识是实现英语教学跨文化交际功能的前提。只有教师具有跨文化交际意识，具有文化敏感性，才能在教学中准确把握文化信息，捕捉文化差异，合理设置交际语境和场景，让学生得到很好的锻炼。

（二）丰富教师的跨文化知识

教师的跨文化知识的储备是课堂跨文化知识讲解的基础保障。因此，农村中学应当尽力解决教学资源缺乏的重大问题，创造条件让教师有充足的资料可以查阅。作为英语教师，跨文化知识的积累是无条件的。教师自身应当积极扩展自己的知识储备，如定期到市区的书店购买图书，经常利用手机、互联网学习英语文化知识等。多看英文原声电影也是一种非常好的学习方式，英文电影体现英语国家社会生活的各个方面，教师在看英文电影时，只有时刻保持着对异文化的敏感，才能够及时抓住文化差异的讯息。要不断地针对捕捉到的文化差异进行搜集、查阅相关资料，并对其进行解释和理解。经过长期的积累，会有非常大的收获。跨文化知识储备越多，对英语教材中出现的跨文化信号越敏感，越能充分利用教材内容发挥英语教学的跨文化交际功能，提高学生的跨文化交际能力。

（三）提高教师的跨文化交际能力

提高教师的跨文化交际能力是提高学生跨文化交际能力的重要保障。只有教师具有较强的跨文化交际能力，才能准确把握和发挥实现英语课堂跨文化交际功能的方法和策略，并不断针对教学现状作出相应调整。提高教师的跨文化交际能力也有助于教师抓住教材中的跨文化信息，教师能够准确掌握何时应当展开，何时可以安排学生活动以及怎样安排学生活动。教师的熏陶对学生也是非常重要的，通过教师对异国语言的差异与美的展现，会激发学生浓厚的学习兴趣。对于农村英语教师来说，应当多找机会参加提高跨文化交际能力的培训，多与城市中学英语教师以及外教交流。多读书、多看英语电影、英语节目，为自己提供更多的接触英语的机会，从电影中、文艺作品中体会不同的文化、体会语言的使用。多参加英语角活动，为自己创造更多的运用英语口语的机会，提高口语表达能力和跨文化交际能力。

四、结语

文化英语论文范文第3篇

关键词：跨文化 元话语 农科学术论文

一、引言

结论部分是对整个研究做出总结与评价，并在前文基础上进行演绎推论，包括指出研究的重要性与局限、对未来的研究给出建议（Yang&Alison，2003）。因此，结论部分在学术写作研究中占有重要的地位，这也就要求作者要慎重考虑语言的选择问题，才能做到简洁有力地收尾。

元话语的概念最早由美国学者Harris（1959）提出，此后，不同的学者对它有不同的定义。其中，Hyland和Tse（2004）认为，对元话语的理解有狭义和广义之分，狭义的观点强调元话语的组织篇章的功能；广义的观点是，元话语体现了作者在篇章中所表现出来的运用语言和修辞的方法，以及把话语组织和话语含义结合起来的方法。

在元话语的分类上，前人从词语、标点、视觉等不同视角出发对其进行分类。Hyland将元话语分成两大类十小类，两大类分别是文本交际型元话语（interactive metadiscourse）和文本互动性元话语（interactional metadiscourse），前者发挥语篇衔接功能，后者则帮助作者建立起与读者的良性互动关系。基于更细微的功能差别，文本交际型元话语又可分为：过渡标记（transitions）、框架标记（frame markers）、内指标记（endophoric markers）、证源标记（evidentials）和解释标记（code glosses）；人际互动型元话语可分为：模糊限制语（hedges）、强调词语（boosters）、态度标记（attitude markers）、自我提及（self mentions）和参与标记（engagement markers）。

近些年的研究显示，元话语研究领域更加宽泛，研究内容日益深化，研究对象也愈加精细化（付晓丽、徐赳赳，2012），而跨文化的元话语研究便是其中的一大趋势。从跨文化的视角来看，国际上具有代表性的元话语研究主要聚焦于英语论文的对比分析：Abdollahzadeh（2011）探讨了英美作者和伊朗作者所写的英语论文中的元话语使用差异，结果显示，差异主要体现在互动元话语上；Perez-Llantala（2010）在研究中采集了三方语料，即1/3由北美作者撰写的英语论文、1/3由西班牙学者写的英语论文及1/3由西班牙学者撰写的西班牙论文，综合考量了跨文化和跨语言因素对元话语使用的影。国内跨文化视角下的元话语研究不及国外丰富。鞠玉梅（2013）对比分析了英汉学术论文，发现汉语论文元话语使用少于英语论文；徐江、郑莉、张海明（2014）以中国大陆学者和英语本族语学者发表在国际权威期刊上的英语论文为语料，集中讨论模糊限制语，研究显示前者对模糊限制语的使用比例略高于后者。无论国外还是国内，跨语言视角下的研究都更为丰富（Peterlin，2008、2010；Abdi，2009；鞠玉梅，2013），相比之下，跨文化视角下的元话语研究还存在较大的研究空间。本研究从跨文化角度出发，研究英汉学者所撰写的英语论文中元话语使用的异同，以期丰富这一视角下的元话语研究。

在研究领域上，国内外的元话语研究涉及的学科都较为广泛。Hyland（2001）对机械工程、物理、哲学、社会学等八个学科学术语篇中的元话语进行了研究。M.Milagros del Saz Rubio将Hyland的元话语与Swales的CARS模型相结合，研究了农科科研论文引言部分的元话语。国内学者对元话语的研究主要集中在文科，如鞠玉梅（2013）所选取的语料来自于《外国语》等语言研究期刊，而近年来随着传媒的发展、元话语研究领域的拓宽，新闻中的元话语逐渐得到重视（穆从军，2010；黄勤、熊瑶，2012）。可以看出，国外的元话语研究虽然涉及的学科较为广泛，但针对农科的研究并不多，国内的元话语研究在农科方面几乎是一片空白。本研究的语料来源为农科科研论文，在一定程度上拓展了学术论文元话语的学科领域。

从数据的容量来看，国内外元话语研究样本数量小。例如Ting Li&Sue Wharton（2012）的研究选取了80篇中国学生所写的英语文章，从跨语境、跨学科的视角出发研究了元话语的使用情况；周岐军选取了60篇学术论文，对比了文理科学术摘要中元话语使用的异同。不同于小样本的研究，本研究依托大数据，组建的语料库由286篇学术论文组成，在一定意义上减少了偶然性结果出现的可能。在研究方法上，McEnery&Wilson（1996）曾指出传统意义上以数据库为基础的定量研究过于依赖计算机而忽略了具体语境对研究结果的影响，因而，本研究将定量与定性的研究方法结合起来，既借用大数据的优势，又通过人工判断减少误差。

无论是从研究视角、学科还是研究方法上，国内外对元话语的研究都趋于成熟，朝着精细化的方向发展。另一方面，由于我国学者对学术语篇元话语的研究起步较晚，近年来虽取得了一定成果，但相较于国外，无论是跨学科还是跨文化视角，这一领域的研究都值得不断拓宽、不断深入。本研究从跨文化视角出发，探究英汉学者在动物科学、植物科学、水产科学和园艺林学这四个农科学科的学术论文结论部分的元话语使用异同，并尝试在教学层面为中国学者提出一定建议，帮助其提高英语学术论文写作能力。

二、语料和研究方法

本研究以华中农业大学语料库HZAU CQPweb为语料来源，选取动物科学、植物科学、水产科学、园艺林学四个子库中的结论部分，组成农科英语科研论文的结论部分。其中又分为两个库：专家库和学习者库。专家库收录英语母语者发表的期刊论文，共40835词；学习者库收录中国农科专业的硕士生、博士生撰写的英语学术论文，共17418词。

本研究根据Hyland（2005：218-224）给出的元话语列表分别对专家库和学习者库进行检索，统计出十类元话语的使用频次，在此基础上进行对出现次数的统计，判断英汉学者是否具有显著性差异，并统计出十类元话语中高频词的使用情况，从跨文化角度解释造成差异的原因。

三、数据结果与讨论

（一）专家库和学习者库在英语学术论文结论部分文本交互型元话语的使用情况

2.黑体字代表差异显著

3.“+”代表英语学者比中国学者使用得多，“-”代表英语学者比中国学者用得少

如表1所示，专家库中使用文本交互型元话语的比重是32%，人际互动型的比重是68%，而学习者库中使用文本交互型元话语的比重是39%，人际互动型的比重是61%。在文本交互型元话语中，英语学者比中国学者用得多且差异显著（sig=0.000-），其差异主要是在于框架标记、过渡标记、内指标记和证源标记。

1.过渡标记

根据语料库检索结果，中国学者比英语国家的学者在论文结论部分使用了更多的过渡标记（sig=0.002-），差异显著。过渡标记是表达句与句之间的各种连接关系，如添加、因果、比较、对照等，是一种基于语篇内部的元话语，帮助读者理解观点之间的连接。（鞠玉梅，2013）

在过渡标记的高频词中，英汉学者的前五类高频词基本一致，都是“and，also，but，however，further”，只是具体的排序有所差别。从各高频词的每万词的频率来看，中国学者使用的频率都更高。

2.框架标记

数据显示，中国学者比英语学者在论文结论部分使用了更多的框架标记（sig=0.000-），差异极其显著。这一结果和过渡标记的结果一致，这两类元话语都属于组织篇章结构的显性衔接手段。在英语写作教学中，教师长期以来对它们的强调可能造成中国英语学习者过度使用这类显性的衔接手段，即过渡标记和框架标记，因而往往忽略了隐形的衔接手段，如使用同义词、上下义词、替代、重复等手段来组织语篇的结构。这一研究结果应当引起英语教学者和学习者的注意。

框架标记又分为四个小类：顺序标记（first，finally，then）、阶段标记（in conclusion，in summary，overall）、目的标记（focus，objective，purpose）和话题转移（well，return to，with regard to）。具体的使用情况如表2，阶段标记是造成差异显著的主要原因，故而只分析阶段标记的使用情况。从阶段标记的高频词来看，中国学者倾向于并集中使用“In conclusion”（中：17.80>英：3.67）和“In summary”（中：8.61>英：1.71），这也表明了中国学者在学术论文写作过程中还可以使用一些其他的阶段标记，如“overall，in brief，all in all，to sum up”，增加用词的丰富性。

3.内指标记

数据显示，英语学者比中国学者使用更多的内指标记，且差异显著（sig=0.048+）。内指标记用于标示语篇中的某个成分跟其他部分之间的一种相互照应的关系（鞠玉梅，2013）。具体来看，专家库与学习者库前4个高频词都是“Fig，Figure，table，above”，说明在用词类型上，英汉学者比较相似。但是，专家库中的每一类高频词的每万词频率均高于学习者库中的数值，这表明在每类词的数量上，中国学者使用较少。因此，在英语学术论文写作中中国学者应适当增加内指标记的使用数量，提高用词多样性，但应避免过度使用。

4.证源标记

数据结果显示，专家库和学习者库中证源标记的使用差异显著（sig=0.019），英语学者使用更频繁。证源标记是指标示其他渊源的观点，即来自其他语篇的信息，主要功能在于引导读者理解并且建立作者对信息的控制。在学术语篇中，主要是指来自同类其他文献的资料，可用于支持作者的论证（鞠玉梅，2013）。由于在结论部分主要是阐明自己的发现与总结，所以在两个库中，证源标记使用均较少，专家库中出现次数为53，学习者库中为11。并且，在专家库中，绝大部分证源标记以（姓名，日期）的形式出现，如“Videos from the detector were recorded at a speed of 17 frames/s as previously described（Bai et al.，2013）”，即在观点或论点后标明出处。除此之外，“according to”“quote”和“said”数量极少。而在学习者库中，“according to”出现10次，（姓名，日期）形式仅为1次。相较于英语学者，中国学者证源标记使用数量少可能会有以下两个原因：第一，我们推测学习者在结论部分引用较少。第二，学习者有一定数量的引用，但由于z漏或者欠缺必要的学术论文规范的知识而没有将应该标记出来的地方标出来。故建议中国学者在进行英文学术论文写作时要注意论文格式与规范，避免一些不应出现的错误，提高英语学术论文写作质量。

（二）专家库和学习者库在英语学术论文结论部分人际互动型元话语的使用情况

如表1所示，在人际互动型元话语这一大类中，英语学者比中国学者用得多且差异显著（sig=0.002+），这一差异主要体现在模糊限制语和参与标记（两者的sig值均小于0.05）上。中国学者对模糊限制语和参与标记的使用量不及英语学者。这说明中国学者在农科科研论文写作中对人际互动型元话语使用不够恰当，缺乏与读者互动的意识。

1.模糊限制语

根据语料库搜索结果，英语学者比中国学者在论文结论部分用了更多的模糊限制语（sig=0.006+），差异显著。在模糊限制语的使用数量上，本族语学者除论文结论部分使用的模糊限制语总体比例高于大陆学者外，其余各部分使用总体数量均低于中国大陆学者（徐江、郑莉、张海明，2014）。科研论文中，结论部分发挥着重要作用，作者通常需在前文所述的研究数据的基础上在此部分提出新的命题，而根据Hyland的观点，模糊限制语可将一些具有争议性的命题限制在一定范围内，从而使论文作者为自己以及其他持不同观点者保留余地。可以看出，中国学者在动物科学等农科的论文写作中未能充分利用模糊限制语降低话语肯定程度，保护自己的观点。因而，为提高农科科研影响力，中国学者需在论文中恰当使用更多的模糊限制语。

英语学者与中国学者在高频词的使用上的差别不大，都用到了“may”“could”“would”“might”，但有所差别的是各自的使用比例，如在学习者高频词列表中，“could”在每万词中的数量为2526.12，是专家列表中相应数据的两倍多，这表明中国学者存在过度使用“could”的趋势。虽然同为模糊限制语，且这前五位多为情态动词，但这些词实则在使用上有着细微差别。以“might”为例，Hyland和Milton（1997）就曾认为，用“might”表达可能性似乎太弱而无法表达说服意图，从而使作者显得“模棱两可、缺乏自信或者幼稚可笑”。而根据上表，中国学者有过度使用“might”的倾向（861.18/每万词>759.15/每万词）。因此，我们可以得出结论：中国学者在对模糊限制语尤其是情态动词的使用上不够精准。这可能是因为中学是我国学生集中学习情态动词的主要阶段，大学基本不再涉及，然而中学英语教学由于教材等原因往往只是有选择性地对情态动词的用法进行讲解（程晓堂、裘晶，2007），加上情态动词的使用较为复杂，中国学者在后期英语论文写作中便容易误用。

2.参与标记

总体而言，专家库中的每万词频率高于学习者库，且差异显著（sig=0.000）。参与标记用于明显地建立与读者的关系，用于直接地与读者交流，目的在于聚焦读者的注意力或者将他们视作语篇的参与者，与读者建立某种直接的关系（鞠玉梅，2013）。这说明在结论部分，英语学者更加注重读者的参与，引导读者去思考，将其看作整个研究的一部分，拉近与读者之间的距离，以便其更能接受自己的观点。从高频词（如“use，develop，increase”）来看，英汉学者都更倾向于使用动词。

四、结语

本文探讨了英汉学者在元话语上的差异，原因如下。教学过程中，对过渡标记，框架标记等极其显性的连接手段的过分强调可能导致中国学者比以英语学者更频繁使用这两种元话语。在语篇内部的连接上，中国学者可能较为缺乏以此引导读者阅读的意识，以及正确引用他人研究成果的方式，因此造成对内指标记和框架标记的使用不足。对自身研究成果过于自信，缺乏严谨性会导致模糊限制语使用较少。对读者的忽视会导致参与标记的使用不足。

因此，在平时的教学中，教师应当引导学生明确各元话语的作用，避免对某几类元话语的过分强调而忽视其他元话语。中国学者也应尽量多阅读规范的学术论文，学习规范的学术论文写作模式。在学术研究态度上，要尽量严谨，避免绝对，学会为自身研究成果保留进一步探索的空间。此外，应充分考虑读者，让读者参与其中，毕竟这关系到自己的研究能否为人所理解。

本文是华中农业大学2016年大学生科技创新基金（SRF）项目[项目编号：2016313]。

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文化英语论文范文第4篇

1.教师应提升自身文化素养，重视传统文化

教师作为学生英语学习的引导者，无论是对中国传统文化亦或是外国文化都应该有透彻的理解和感悟，自身对文化的学习不应固步自封而应与时俱进。试想一个英语教师对英语国家文化背景一知半解，怎能正确有效地引导学生进行英语学习呢？拥有一个文化素质高的教师是学生文化意识培养的前提。另外，充分重视中国传统文化是一个优秀教师不可推卸的责任。学习英语的最终目的是实现与外国人的交流与合作，而在交流的同时，传递和发扬中国优秀的传统文化，让世界了解中国，使中国文化登上世界舞台是每个中国人的梦想和骄傲。在英语教育中培养外国文化意识固然重要，但中华文化意识的培养也是了解和学习外国文化的基础，高举弘扬中国文化旗帜，努力学习外国文化将二者巧妙融合才是英语学习的根本。

2.在课堂中重视文化渗透，对比中英文化差异

在课堂中适当进行文化渗透有利于学生在了解课文文化内涵和所涉及文化背景的前提下，更加立体直观的理解课文内容，加深印象。具体方法是：先通过教材讲解，介绍背景知识，然后在适当环节(讲解词汇或某一内容时)，结合背景，讲解相应的文化内涵，众所周知，近年来，英语课文中出现许多生词，这些生僻词汇的出现于时代进步与文化发展紧密相连。另外，在课堂中，教师要注意引导学生对中英文化的差异性做出对比与判别，加深文化学习。例如，“WhatamIgonnado？”英文中的后半句“gonnado”是“goingtodo”的意思，但是为了表达的简单和明了，被完全口语化后就出现了这种情况。但是此种现象在中国教材中是不存在的。因此，在培养学生外国文化意识的同时，要注重对比中英文化的巨大差异，在差异中寻求学习和记忆英语知识的最佳途径，只有对中国文化背景和英语文化背景全面了解，文化意识的培养才能水到渠成。

3.创设文化交流氛围，发展多元化的视听教育

英语的学习不能仅仅局限于书面知识的获取，要重视培养学生听说读写全面发展的能力，最重要的是与人交流的能力。教师应创设适宜的文化交流氛围，发展多元化的视听教育，满足学生与人交流的欲望。交流的最佳方式是面对面，因此，教师应该组织和鼓励学生于外国人进行交流。只有同外国人交谈才能实现中英文化的交流和碰撞，在交流中学生可顺利了解他国文化内涵和文化背景，逐渐培养学生的文化意识。另外，通过多媒体教学组织学生观看正宗的美国影视，听纯正的英文歌曲也是培养文化意识的重要手段。通过口语和视听的双重影响，学生对外国人的民族文化、生活习俗、价值表达，历史发展等有了全面透彻的了解，更有效弥补课本知识的欠缺。以这种途径可以培养学生深刻的文化意识，促使学生在以后的英语学习中游刃有余，挥洒自如。

二、结语

文化英语论文范文第5篇

1.提升大学生跨文化交际能力的需要

英语教学的主要目的就是提升大学生的跨文化交际能力，随着我国与世界经贸往来日趋频繁，跨文化交际人才的需求不断攀升。文化属于英语学习的重要组成部分，中西方之间在文化体系方面存在很大的差距，通过全面了解中西方文化，把握好二者之间的内在冲突，可以有助于学生规避因为知识不足出现的沟通歧义，如国内文化中问到个人收入，很多时候更多的代表关心，而西方文化中则代表了对别人隐私的一种打探，如果在英语教学中引入文化知识，让学生认识中西文化不同，就可以避免此类沟通不畅。

2.激发大学生英语学习兴趣的需要

目前大学生在英语学习方面普遍存在兴趣不高的问题，学习内容多是枯燥的语言知识，词汇以及语法点大都成为英语课堂的主要学习内容，英语学习成为一种应付四六级考试的行为。文化知识是激发学生兴趣的重要手段，英语教学中如果引入文化知识，在充分了解西方文化的同时，认识到中西方文化的不同，可以更好地提升学生英语学习兴趣，毕竟语言基础知识本身是没有生命力的，而文化凭借自身的魅力以及活力会激发学生学习兴趣。让学生遨游知识海洋，提升其文化敏感性，从而使英语学习变成一种自觉行为。

3.帮助大学生树立正确人生观的需要

大学生是我国跨文化交际的主力军，是社会主义建设的重要力量，随着全球化进程的加快，我国大学生在价值观层面这些年受到了西方文化的冲击，对其人生观、价值观产生了一些不良影响。大学英语教学中如果能够增加中西文化的对比学习，充分吸收西方文化的精华部分，利用中国传统优秀文化来对抗其不良部分，这对于我国的文化安全意义重大。通过中西优秀文化的熏陶，来让大学生牢固树立社会主义核心价值观，成为社会主义合格接班人。

二、大学生英语教学中不同文化融合策略

1.加强西方文化批判的借鉴

大学英语教学中教师要树立正确的文化交流观念，认识到介绍西方文化的必要性，在英语传统教学听说读写译的基础之上，加大英语国家文化介绍。考虑到西方文化对于英语教学以及学生跨文化交际能力的影响，加强西方文化介绍是大学英语教学中的重要一环。在西方文化介绍中要遵循批判的借鉴这一理念，西方文化有值得学习借鉴的内容，也有糟粕需要抛弃的内容，对于西方优秀的文化要注意引进发扬，对于西方国家文化中的糟粕要注意摒弃。当前的西方不良文化思潮对于我国大学生的消极影响很多，针对这种现象高校英语课堂要充分发挥自身的作用，让大学生正确认识到西方文化的利与弊，这样既加强了其跨文化交际能力，同时又隔离了不良文化的影响。

2.加强中国文化的影响渗透

文化是构成国家软实力的重要组成部分，我国要在英语课堂上弘扬优秀传统文化，增强大学生对于中国文化的认同感以及自豪感，从而确保核心价值观念不被西方不良文化侵蚀。从目前的英语教学来看，中国文化被忽视是一个不争的事实，长此以往，中国传统文化的影响力必然遭受到削弱，不利于我国文化软实力的提升。因此，在英语课堂上，在西方文化介绍中，要注意中国文化渗透，注意将中国传统优秀文化加以发扬光大，让学生在中西方文化的对比中感受到中国文化优越之处，从而增强爱国热情。英语教学中中国文化的影响渗透一方面需要增加介绍中国文化的文章，让学生充分了解民族传统文化，另一方面要注意强化引导，让学生热爱本民族文化，弥补学生中国文化掌握不足的缺憾，改变当前中西方文化交流中，中国文化处于弱势地位的尴尬现实。

3.培养大学生平等文化观念

从大学英语教学中不同文化的碰撞情况来看，西方文化处于一个相对强势的地位，而中国文化处于一个相对弱势的地位，这种强弱失衡的情况，对于我国文化安全来说是一个巨大的威胁，而背后的根本原因就是因为大学生平等的文化观念没有树立，对于西方文化有着盲目崇洋的心理，简单举例而言，这些年民族传统节日在大学生群体中失势，而西方文化节日大行其道，就是学生平等文化观念丧失的一个折射。针对这种情况，培养大学生平等的文化观念是改变中国文化处于弱势地位的关键。教师要引导大学树立平等文化观念，既不对自己的文化进行贬低，又不对他人文化进行拔高，正确对待不同文化间的冲突以及差异。