前言:想要写出一篇令人眼前一亮的文章吗?我们特意为您整理了5篇学习成语范文,相信会为您的写作带来帮助,发现更多的写作思路和灵感。
2、一丝不苟:指做事认真细致,一点儿不马虎。
3、专心致志:致:尽,极;志:意志。把心思全放在上面。形容一心一意,聚精会神。
4、凿壁偷光:用来形容家贫而读书刻苦。
5、无的放矢:的:靶心;矢:箭。没有目标乱射箭。比喻说话做事没有明确目的,或不切合实际。
6、废寝忘食:废:停止。顾不得睡觉,忘记了吃饭。形容专心努力。
7、悬梁刺骨:形容刻苦学习。
首先,成语具有言简意赅、易学易记、形象具体、语势有力几大优势。
其次,成语是学习文言的“活化石”。成语大多来源于古代文献典籍,是学习文言的“活化石”。不少成语与古代文化常识有关,是了解古代文化的一扇窗口。
再次,学习成语还可训练思维。
成语在汉语中起着重要的作用。在我们谈话或作文时,适当运用成语,就如在菜肴中加入佐料一般,可以使原本平淡无奇的内容变得更有味道、更具内涵。学国语言,弘扬民族文化,可以从成语入手。说话妙语连珠,写作妙笔生花,可以从成语开始。
那么,如何加强成语学习呢?
第一,要激发学习成语的兴趣。
兴趣是最好的老师。教师只有充分调动学生的学习兴趣,激发学习成语的的欲望,才能掀起学习成语的热潮。怎样才能让学生愿学并且乐学呢?我认为可从这些方面入手。
(1)从笑话或故事入手。如笑话《乱用成语》:
某学生写我的一家:“我的家有三口人:爸爸、妈妈、我。每天早上一出门我们就分道扬镳,各奔前程,晚上又殊途同归。爸爸是工程师,在工地上指手画脚;妈妈是售货员,在商店里来者不拒;我是学生,在教室里呆若木鸡。我们三个人臭味相投,家中总是一团和气。但爸爸妈妈偶尔也会同室操戈。爸爸总是心狠手辣地打得我五体投地,妈妈在一旁袖手旁观,从不见义勇为。”学生一听这样的故事,兴趣一下就来了。哈哈!居然有人这样乱用成语,太笑人了!为什么会犯这种错误呢?成语没学好呗,帮他改一改吧,自己得先把这几个成语学懂才行呀。(教师趁热打铁,赶紧出示这几个成语的学习资料)
(2)从寓言、传说、成语故事入手,激发兴趣。
课本的古诗文中蕴含着一些成语,应注意收集整理,发动学生收集。
(3)以语文活动的方式学习成语,让语文课堂变得丰富多彩。
第二,要阐明学习成语的必要。
成语掌握的多少及熟练情况在一定程度上影响着学生的语文水平与考试成绩。通过学习成语,学生不但能认识中华文化的丰厚博大,吸收民族文化智慧,并且能培养热爱祖国语言文字的情感,一举多得。所以教师应结合成语的几大优势及作用,让学生明白学成语不但有趣而且有用,从而形成学习的动力。
第三,要讲究学习成语的方法。
学生的成语知识一般比较零散、杂乱。尽管他们学过的成语也不少,写作时能够信手拈来的却不多。所以有必要对成语知识进行梳理,加以强化,达到温故知新的效果。
《语文课程标准》指出:“学生是学习和发展的主体。倡导自主、合作、探究的学习方式……教学内容的确定,教学方法的选择,评价方式的设计,都应有利于这种学习方式的形成。”“语文综合性学习有利于学生在感兴趣的自主活动中全面提高语文素养,是培养学生主动探究、团结合作、勇于创新精神的重要途径,应该积极提倡。”
以下是我在成语学习方面的一些尝试,但愿能抛砖引玉,得到各位同行的指点。
(1)分类学习法
将与学生学习和生活密切相关的成语进行分类后分批掌握。分类方式灵活多变,以好记好用为原则。如:出自初中古诗文的成语;含有动物名称的成语;“从头到脚”的成语(即含有人体某部位名称的成语)、容易写错的成语(形近而误或同音而误)、容易读错的成语(多音字、古读字而误读)、与学习有关的成语等。
这种方式可由学生自由选定学习内容后分头收集。教师根据具体情况进行指导。
(2)小组竞争法
将学生分成若干小组,分别布置任务。要求展示各组的学习成果,并进行简单评比。如所收集成语的数量多少、是否常用、造句的准确性如何等。
(3)限时记忆法
教师出示相关学习资料,要求学生在规定时间内记忆后及时听写、解释、或用某些成语造句。也可准备相关答题资料,限时记忆后立即完成练习。
(4)日积月累法
成语数量庞大,要想让学生一口吃成个大胖子,即使不撑死,至少也会落个消化不良。所以绝不能急于求成,囫囵吞枣。教师和学生宜互相督促,坚持天天学成语。允许个体差异,提倡“能者多劳,学生根据自身能力能多记则多记,记得少的也应鼓励,让学成语变成一种习惯。
(5)游戏巩固法
每经过一段时间的学习之后,教师就需创造机会让学生巩固所学的知识。采用各种方式巩固学习成果。书面检测不可少,口头练习免不了,游戏参与更是妙。
如制作一些成语卡片,让学生一人描述,一人猜测是什么词。描述者可以直接解释该词含义,也可运用动作或表情、声音等,只要不说出该词的任何一个字即不算违规。
有条件的学校可制作一些多媒体课件,效果会更好。如学习“含有动物名称的成语”时,我是这样设计的
A看图片猜成语:教师用多媒体课件出示图片,要求学生用含有动物名称的成语为图片命名。
(游戏名称:“争分夺秒”。此游戏适合基础较差的学生,通过看图片来猜测比较直观、形象。)可抽学生个别回答,也可由某几个或某组学生合作完成。
B你说我猜:要求学生自愿组合寻找搭档参与游戏。教师用多媒体课件出示图片,观察者用形象的语言进行描述,猜测者不看屏幕,根据对方提示说出对应的成语。(此游戏宜依据学生的具体情况区别对待,分层要求,视学生基础而定是一对一参与还是多对多参与)
(游戏名称:“心有灵犀”。此游戏对学生的观察、理解、语言表达、合作能力要求较高,适合基础较好的学生)。
也可以让学生自行选择,用表演的方式让大家熟悉成语。
第四,要重视成语的运用。
成语中包含着生动的比喻、深刻的哲理。成语学得好,可以让我们说起话来妙趣横生,写起文章来得心应手。教师在日常教学中,应带头使用成语,形成使用成语的氛围。通过教师潜移默化的影响,学生也就能自觉地学以致用。
总之,中学生学习成语,对阅读和写作都大有裨益。熟练地掌握和使用成语,不仅能锻炼他们的能力,也能显出他们渊博的学识,还能训练他们的思维。真可以说是一举多得。所以加强成语学习,提高语文素养,势在必行!
孜孜不倦:指工作或学习勤奋不知疲倦。
手不释卷:书本不离手,形容勤奋好学。
废寝忘食:顾不得睡觉,忘记了吃饭,形容专心努力。
苦学不辍:艰苦学习,不放弃。
中考常考成语解释
1)
包罗万象:包:包括。罗:罗。万象:各种景象。形容内容非常丰富,应有尽有,无所不包
2)
虚与委蛇:虚:不真实,假意。与:跟。委蛇:敷衍。指对人虚情假意,敷衍应酬
3)
怨声载道:载:充满。道:道路。怨恨的声音充满道路。形容百姓普遍怨恨不满
4)
错综复杂:错综:纵横交错。形容头绪很多,情况复杂
5)
振聋发聩:聩:耳聋。声音很大,使耳聋的人都听得见。比喻高超的言论能够使麻木糊涂的人觉醒
6)
措手不及:来不及处理
7)
有口皆碑:皆:都。碑:刻记着功业的石碑。人人的嘴都是记颂功业的碑。比喻人人称颂
8)
矫揉造作:过分做作,极不自然
9)
重蹈覆辙:重新沿翻车旧辙走,比喻不重视总结经验,记取教训,再犯以前犯过的错误
10)
责无旁贷:责:责任。贷:推卸。指自己应尽的责任,不能推给别人
中考常见成语解释
1)
路有饿殍:路边有饿死的人
2)
浮想联翩:联翩,鸟飞的样子,形容连续不断。浮想联翩就是飘浮不定的想象不断涌现出来
3)
流言蜚语:原指没有根据的话,现在多指在别人背后散布的诬蔑、中伤的说法
4)
有声有色:形容声势规模大。也形容表现得十分鲜明生动
5)
黄粱一梦:比喻虚幻的梦想。典出唐?沈既济《枕中记》,说卢生在梦中享尽了荣华富贵,醒来时,蒸的黄粱米饭尚未熟,只落得一场空
6)
斑驳陆离:斑驳:多种颜色夹杂在一起的样子。陆离:色彩繁杂、变化多端的样子。形容色彩错杂不一
7)
当仁不让:当:面对。仁:正义之事。《论语?卫灵公》:当仁不让于师。后以当仁不让表示应做之事,就应积极主动去做,不能推托
8)
出尔反尔:原指你怎么对人行事,人也怎么还报你。现多指反复无常,言行前后自相矛盾
9)
蒙昧无知:愚昧,不通事理
10)
随心所欲:欲:想要,希望。指随着自己的意愿,想要干什么就干什么
11)
顾影自怜:顾盼自己的身影,独自可怜叹惜。形容身世悲凉、失意
12)
厉行节约:严格实行节约
13)
独树一帜:单独树起一面旗帜。比喻创造独特风格,自成一家
14)
耳提面命:命:教导。形容严格要求,殷切教诲。
15)
秘而不宣:保守秘密,不对外宣布
16)
欣欣向荣:欣欣:草木生机旺盛的样子。荣:茂盛。比喻事业蓬勃发展,兴旺昌盛
17)
未置可否:置:确立,决定。没说行,也没说不行。即未发表任何意见。
18)
大方之家:大方:大道理。指见多识广、懂得大道理的人
19)
甘之如饴(yi):饴:麦芽糖。像饴糖那样甜美。比喻甘愿承受艰难困苦
20)
按兵不动:指挥官止住军队,暂不行动,等待战机;比喻接受任务后暂不执行,以观望形势的发展
中考语文常考成语归纳
1)
不遗余力:遗:留下。不留下剩余的力量。指毫无保留地使出一切力量
2)
相得益彰:相得:互相投合。益:更加。彰:明显。两个人或两件事互相配合,双方的能力和作用更能显示出来
3)
美不胜收:胜:尽。美好的东西太多了,看不完,接受不尽
4)
肺腑之言:谓由衷而发的真话
5)
如数家珍:家珍:家中收藏的珍宝。如同数自己家藏的珍宝那样清楚。形容对所讲述的东西非常熟悉
6)
味同嚼蜡:形容没有味道,多指文章或言语乏味,毫无生气和感染力
7)
融会贯通:把各方面的知识或道理融合贯穿起来,从而得到系统透彻的理解
8)
迫不及待:急迫的无法再等待
9)
黯然失色:黯然:暗淡的样子。指事物失去了原有的色泽、光彩
10)
指手画脚:指说话时做出各种动作。形容放肆或得意忘形的神态
11)
和蔼可亲:性情温和,态度亲切
12)
刻不容缓:急迫之极,一刻不能迟缓
13)
星罗棋布:罗:罗列。布:分布。形容数量很多,分布很广
14)
左右逢源:原指做学问如果有丰富的知识积累,那么在需要的时候就能取之不尽。后比喻做事很顺利。也比喻办事圆滑
15)
麻木不仁:麻痹无知觉。比喻人对自身以外的事物漠不关心或反应迟钝
16)
姑息养奸:姑息:无原则的宽容。养奸:助长坏人坏事。由于无原则的宽容而助长恶人做坏事
17)
雨后春笋:新事物大量迅速的涌现出来
18)
良莠不齐:莠:狗尾草,比喻坏人。指好人、坏人混在一起
19)
刚愎自用:固执己见,对阻止、劝告或建议不耐烦
We don’t use that much slang...or do we?
When I was working out at the gym with a French friend of mine, Pascale, a friend of his came up and enthusiastically inquired, “What’s up?” Pascale paused a moment, took a step backward and looked up, checking out the ceiling.
Realizing he didn’t get it, I quickly piped up and explained, “Oh, that’s slang for ‘How are you?’” He looked confused, obviously not understanding how “What’s up?” could possibly have anything to do with “How are you?” But his friend didn’t stop there.
“So, Pascale, did you hear how the Italian soccer team licked the French team?” As Pascale’s eyes widened and his mouth dropped open, an expression I hadn’t seen since the days of “Our Gang” comedy, I suddenly realized where he had gone with that one and could only imagine what image his mind was conjuring up.
It was at that moment that I realized for the first time that there was absolutely no way a nonnative speaker of English could fully understand an American movie, TV show, news broadcast, or even a typical conversation without help because our language is loaded with nonstandard English, i.e., slang and idioms.
Defining Terms定义
Since we use both terms, slang and idioms, we ought to define them. I asked a group of ESL teachers, “What is the difference between slang and idioms?” Everyone had their own answer. After consulting several dictionaries, all having slightly different takes on the definitions, I would like to propose these definitions:
SLANG: Nonstandard vocabulary of a given culture or subculture. In other words, slang is typically a nonstandard word, not a phrase as is an idiom.
Slang would include words like pooped, to downa drink, the grind, boob?鄄tube, threads, bonkers, basketcase, etc. Slang words may or may not have alternative literal meanings. They may be “made up” words.
IDIOM: A phrase that is commonly understood in a given culture or subculture to have a meaning different from its literal meaning. A good example of this is “to bend over backwards”. This phrase is commonly understood in our culture to mean “to exert an enormous effort in order to accomplish something.” The literal meaning, however, is the physical act it describes, of which few may actually be capable of doing!
Why Should I Teach Nonstandard English?我为什么教不标准 的英语?
Each year at the TESOL Convention, I’m approached by the occasional teacher who is annoyed that I write classroom texts on slang and idioms and that I am, as one teacher put it at last year’s convention in Seattle, contributing to the decay of the purity of the English language.
She was so animated and fiery about her platform that English remain pure and untainted that she soon attracted a crowd of teachers at our booth (so who needs fancy signs and banners?).
One of the onlookers, obviously disturbed by her statement, chimed in, “Ma’am, not to teach students everyday slang and idioms is to assure that they remain outsiders. Let’s face it, we all speak in code.”
Another teacher added, “You’re doing your students a great injustice because they’ll never be able to fully integrate and you’re only teaching them one part of our language.”
Flushed and noticeably irritated, she quickly retorted, “Then it’s our responsibility as teachers to perpetuate the purity of the English language...” then turning toward me, “...not promote its demise by teaching nontraditional language.”
I defended by position (and my life’s work) by adding, “If you’ve chosen not to teach slang to your students, that’s certainly your decision. But you must admit that the average native speaker does use a certain amount of slang and idioms in everyday speech.”
“Well, I certainly don’t!” she hurled back as she picked up her materials she had placed on the table. “I’m sorry to be so agitated about this, but it just really ticks me off!”
It was like something out of a TV comedy. All the teachers who were now swarming around her repeated in unison, “Ticks...you...off?”
It was such a delicious moment that it almost had a flavor. Hardly able to contain my glee, I responded with the jubilation and triumph of a lottery winner, “That was slang! It was so natural to you that you didn’t even notice!”
Then, stunned and somewhat uncertain now of her own convictions, she said, “No way! C’mon! That’s just a colloquialism.”
“‘No way’? ‘C’mon’? Those are both slang expressions!”
She looked dazed for a moment then burst out laughing and said, “Ya know, I didn’t even realize it!”
We spoke for quite some time after that, and I learned that part of her disapproval stemmed from the fact that she was equating slang with obscenity. Oddly enough, this is a fairly common mistake. In fact, in Japan, the term slang has a negative context for the same reason.