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教学目标
1.Words&expressions
Camp,ash(tray),dirt,valley,beyond,cave,thirst,sunburnt,system,spiritual,faith,elder,curiously,underground,starve,thus,percentage,precious,fence,task,outdoors,shave,argue;
Bonny,Italy,Italian,Kooris,aborigines,koala,dingo
Fixup,handdown,ratherthan,givebirthto,roundup,beexperiencedat,
2.DailyEnglish
1)Becareful!2)Lookout!3)Takecare4)Don''''tdo...5)Youmustn''''tdo...
3.Grammar:The-ingformsasobjectcomplementandadverbial
II.Teachingaimsindevelopingcompetence
Todeveloptheabilitiesoflistening,speaking,reading,andwritingabilities.
1.Todeveloptheabilityofcommunication.
2.Todeveloptheabilityofexpressingprohibitionandwarnings.
3.Todeveloptheabilityofusing-ingFormasobjectcomplementandadverbial.
4.TodevelopthepracticalskillsofusingEnglish,especiallyintalkingaboutacountry.
III.Teachingaimsinmoraleducation
1.Learntocareforothersandthecollective,helpeachother,anddefendstudentsthemselves.
2.Arousestudents''''consciousnessofprotectingtheanimalsandplantsandtheenvironments.
3.Developthespiritofloveofthemotherland
教学建议
教学教法:
Lesson9Dialogue
Themainpurposeofthisunitistotrainstudents''''listeningandspeakingability.Throughlearningthewayofexpressingprohibitionandwarningsthestudentsareenabledtousetheexpressionsofremindingpeopleindailylifeanddevelopthespiritofcareforpeopleandhelpeachotherandalsothroughlearningaboutthecontentofthedialoguestudentsareremindedofprotectingthenature.
Teachingkeypoints
1.Inputthedialogueasawholeandmakethestudentsgraspthedialogue.Atthesametime
studentscanmakesimilardialoguerelatedtothedailylife,remindingthemoftheimportanceofprotectingthenature.
2.Aftertheunderstandingofthereadingmaterialsaboutaustralia,helpstudentstotalkaboutChina,theirmotherland,usingwhattheyhavelearnedinthetexts,showingstudents''''loveofourcountry.
Teachingspecialdifficulties
1.Theunderstandingoftheuse-ingFormandtheuseofit.
2.Makingprohibitionandwarningsandgivingreplies.
Teachingmethods
TheSocialCommunicativeMethod
TheInformationcommunicativestyle
Teachingaids
Blackboard;computer;OHP(overheadprojector);taperecorder;relatedpicturesofthisunit
词语辨析:
1.keepout,keepaway,keepoff
keepout(可以分开)表示“不使……入内;把……留在外面”。如:
Shutthewindowsandkeepthecoldout.
Danger!Keepout!危险!切勿入内!
keepaway(可分开,后接from)表示“使……不靠近”。如:
Keepawayfromme.I’vegotabadcold.
Parentsshouldkeeptheirsmallchildrenawayfromrivers.
keepoff(可分开)表示“使……离开;从……离开”
Theymadeabigfiretokeepwildanimalsoff.
Keepoffthegrass.请勿践踏草地。
2.suit,suitable和fit的用法区别
1)suitable的动词形式是suit,与动词fit都有“合适”之意,但也有区别。以衣服为例,fit是指大小尺寸合适,而suit则是表示衣服穿着很好看,包括款式和花式都合适。如:
2)(1)Doyouthinkthisstylesuitsme?你觉得这种款式适合我穿吗?
(2)Theseshoesdon’tfitme—haveyougotalargersize?
这鞋我穿着不合适——你们有大一点的吗?
(3)Itdoesn''''tsuityoutohaveyourhaircutshort.你头发剪短了不好看。
(4)Theseveno''''clocktrainwillsuitusverywell.七点钟的火车对我们正合适。
3)形容词suitable后可接forsth.和tosb.。如:
(1)Idon''''tthinkIshouldbesuitableforthepost.我认为自己不适合这个职位。
(2)Theworkwasnotsuitabletome.那工作不适合我。
4)形容词fit后只能接介词for,且句子主语多用人表示。
(1)Thenewmanagerisn’tfitforhisposition.新经理不胜任他的职务。
(2)wouldbemonthsbeforehewasfitforwork.要过几个月他才能适合工作。
(3)Mysisterisjustfitforajobasteacher.我妹妹正适合教师这一工作。
(4)Theprimeministerwasawise,honestmanwhowasmorefitforhisofficeanyoneelse.
首相是个聪明、诚实的人,比任何人都称职。
3.liveby与liveon的用法区别
liveby意为“以……为生”,by后接动名词,表示方式;liveon也作“以……为主”解释,但on后接名词,表示主语主要吃什么,即主食是什么或表示主语的收入。如:
(1)Theylivedbyfishingandhunting.他们靠海猎为生。
(2)ThesixIndianblindmenlivedbybegging.这六个印度盲人靠乞讨为生。
(3)Peopleinthesouthliveonrice.南方人以大米为主食。
(4)Theylivedonasmallincome.他们靠微薄的收入维持生活。
4.takeplace与happen的用法
固定词组takeplace意为发生,举行,多指举行活动,发生某事(可指发生好事或不好的事),happen多指发生意外事故,不幸的事。如:
(1)Theopeningoftheplaywilltakeplacetomorrownight.剧的首演式将于明晚举行。(takeplace不能用happen代换)
(2)Theaccidenttookplaceonlyablockfrommyhome.事故发生地离我家只一个街区。(tookplace可以用happened代换)
动词happen以及词组takeplace,breakout等只能用作不及物动词,不能用被动语态形式。如:
(1)Thecaraccidenthappenedlastweek.交通事故发生在上星期。(不能说:Thecaraccidentwashappenedlastweek.)
(2)ThewarbrokeoutinOctober.战争于10月份爆发。(不能说:ThewarwasbrokenoutinOctober.)
注意:词组takesb.’splace或taketheplaceofsb./sth.意为代替某人,某物,不可与takeplace混淆。如:
(1)Mybrotherisill,andI’vecometotakehisplace.我兄弟生病了,所以我来代替他。
(2)Plasticshavetakentheplaceofmanyoldmaterials.塑料已经取代许多旧材料。
5.比较的修饰及倍数的表达方法
形容词或副词比较级前,加上某个状语成分,会使比较意义有所增强。例如:
(1)Thisbookisthreetimeslargerthanthatone.这本书比那本书大三倍。
(2)Theyproduced15%morericelastyearthantheydidin1990.
去年他们的水稻产量比1990年的产量增加了百分之十五。
注意:以上可归纳为句型:“Ais…times+adj./adv.(比较级)+thanB.”
另外这一句型还可转化为句型“Ais…timesas+adj./(原级)+asB.”例如:
(1)Atleast,thetrainruns6timesasfastastheboat.
火车的速度至少为小船速度的六倍。
(2)Aftertheexperiment,theplantisfourtimesastallasitwasbefore.
在实验以后,这种植物为过去高度的四倍。
Grammar教学建议
BeforeclassaskSstosumuptheuseof–ingFormandinclasstheteachermayhaveacontestamongSswhohavebeendividedintotwoorseveralgroupstoseewhichgrouphasdonethejobbest.InthiswaySswillusuallyhaveagoodpreparationoftheirworkandwillbewillingtodowhatseemsboringtothem,whichisthenecessitytolearnwell.Theteachermayaddwhathasbeenleftoutandhaveasummary.Afterthat,enoughexercisesareneededtohelpSstouse,understand,rememberandmasterwhattheyhavelearned.OnlythroughtheuseofthelanguagecanSsreallygetwhattheyarerequiredtoget.
Grammar---ingForm
Revisingtheuseof–ingformsoftheverbsandmakeSsgrasptheuseofit.
I.v+ing的句法功能:
1.作主语。可直接作主语,表示一般抽象概念时,可以与不定式互换,但在句型“Itisnouse/good”等候一般用动名词。
e.g.Itisnogoodsmokingtoomuch.
Seeingisbelieving.
2.作宾语。有些动词可以直接跟v.-ing作宾语,
如:mind,miss,enjoy,escape,prevent,practice,postpone,suffer,suggest,keep(on),avoid,admit,bear,deny,advise,delay,risk,resist,finish,fancy,excuse,imagine,consider,can’thelp,
下列“vi.+介词或副词”构成的短语动词,后接v.-ing作宾语。
succeedin,approveof,perseverein,inquireof,persistin,complainof,insiston,aimat,benefitfrom,burstout,cannothelp,bebusy(in),beonthepointof,feellike,guardagainst,giveup,goon,keepon,leaveoff,putoff,beusedto,objectto,beaccustomedto,referto,beopposedto,stickto,bededicatedto,bedevotedto,lookforwardto,turnto,comenearto,devoteoneselfto,dueto,payattentionto,befaithfulto,beequalto,befamiliarto,besentencedto…
e.g.WeenjoylearningEnglish.
Heinsistedonseeingtheexhibition.
Iamlookingforwardtoseeingyou.
Themayorconsideredbuildinganewtown-hall.
3.作表语。作表语表示主语的内容或表示状态,说明主语的特点(这是主语是v.-ing形式的执行者)。
e.g.OuraimisstudyingEnglishwell.
Hisspeechisveryexciting.
4.作定语。表示主动,相当于一个定语从句,表示动作在进行;或说明用途或作用。(单个一词作定语,须放在所修饰词的前面;短语作定语须放在所修饰词的后面)
e.g.Theladytalking(whoistalking)withhimisadoctor.
Willtheswimmingpoolbeopen?
Themanwalkingbythelakeisascientist.
5.作补语。作宾语有两个特征:一是宾语与v.–ing有主谓关系,且宾语是v+ing动作的执行者;二是v.+-ing形式所表示的动作正在进行。
e.g.Weheardtheboycryingthere.
Youcanseethemperformingeverynight.
WhenIenteredtheroom,Ifoundhimlisteningtotheradio.
跟v+ing作补语的词常是感官动词和使役动词,如notice,see,hear,watch,get,feel,have,find,keep,observe,lookat,listento,smelletc.
6.作状语。常作表示原因、时间、结果、条件、让步、伴随或方式状语。其逻辑主语是句子的主语且句子的主语是动作的发出者。
e.g.Beingblind,howcouldtheyseeanelephant?
Hesatatthedeskreadingabook.
Seeingfromthehill,wefindthecitybeautiful.
II.NOTES
V+ing形式一般式和完成式,有主动语态和被动语态,共四种形式,以tell为例
askingbeingasked
havingaskedhavingbeenasked
一般式表示与谓语动作同时(或在其后)发生;进行式表示发生在谓语动作之前。
e.g.Heisproudofbeinglearned.(Heisproudthatheislearned.)
IamsureofJohn’scomingintime.(IamsurethatJohnwillcomeintime.)
Iamsureofhishavingbeenelected.(Iamthathehasbeenelected.)
V+ing的否定形式是在V+ing前加not.
e.g.Whatistroublingthemistheirnothavingenoughknowledgeaboutcomputer.
Nottakinganybiscuitsthatmorning,wehadnothingtoeatlater.
有些动词接不定式和V+ing,意思基本一样。如begin,start,continue,plan,can’tbear,like,love,hate,prefer,intend…
e.g.Let’scontinuetostudy/studyinglaw.(让我们继续学习法律。)
但,有些表示系恶的动词,如like,love,hate,prefer,intend…,接v+ing表示一般的喜恶,接不定式表示特别的情况。
e.g.Idon’tlikegoingtothetheatrealone.(一般情况)
I’dliketogotothetheatreifyouwithme.(特殊)
下列动词或短语,need,want,require,bear,demand,beworth…接v+ing的主动形式,表示被动意义,与接不定式的被动形式意义大致相同。
e.g.Thisproblemneedslookinginto.(Thisproblemneedstobelookedinto.)
Thisbookisworthreadingtwice.(Thisbookisworthtobereadtwice.)
在下列动词或短语后,如,stop,remember,forget,regret,try,mean,goon,goafraid…
可以接v+ing也可以接不定式,但意义不同。
e.g.Iremembertofillouttheform.(我记得要填表。)(表示动作尚未发生。)
Irememberfillingouttheform.(我记得一天表了。)(表示动作已经发生了。)
Istoppedtoeat.(我停下别的事,来吃饭。)(停止手中事去做另一件事。)
Istoppedeating.(我停止吃饭。)(停止正做的事。)
IregrettosayIcan’tstayhereanylonger.(我很抱歉的说我不能在此久留。)(表示动作尚未发生。)
Iregretleaving/havingleftyou.(我后悔离开了你。)(表示动作已经发生了。)
Hetriedtowritebetter.(我力图把字写得好些。)(设法,努力去做,尽力。。。)
Hetriedknockingatthebackdoor.(他试着悄悄后门。)(试试去做<看看有何结果>)
Ishouldliketoberich.(butIampoor.)(我很想富有。(但我很穷))
Ilikebeingrich.(Iamrich.)(我喜欢富有。(我已富有))
Iforgettobringmyumbrella.(我忘记带伞了。)(表示动作尚未发生。)
Iwillneverforgetseeingyou.(我永远不会忘记见到你的情景。)(表示动作已经发生了。)
Imeanttocallonhim.(我想去看望他。)(打算做。。。)
Thismeanswastingtime.(这就意味着浪费时间。)(意味着;也就是。。。)
Havingwashedtheclothes,Iwentontosweepthefloor.(我洗衣服接着就扫地。)(干完一件事,接着干另一件事。)
Theywentondoingtheirworkafterashortrest.(他们休息一会儿,又继续干活了。)(一直做同一件事。)
Theenemywasafraidtocomeafterus.(敌人不敢追我们。)(不敢去做一件事。)
Shewasafraidofmakingmistakes.(她怕犯错误。)(害怕某一结果。)
补充常用v+ing的句型。
1.go+doing的结构,表示“去干某事”的意思,多指从事与体育、娱乐有关的活动。例如:
gofishing去钓鱼gohunting去打猎goriding去骑马
goshopping去购物godancing去跳舞goclimbing去爬山
goboating去划船goclimbing去爬山goshooting去射击
gofarming去务农goteaching从教gonursing当护士
gosoldiering当兵gonutting采坚果
2.Thereisno+v+ing表示“是不可能的”
e.g.Thereisnoknowinghowoldshiis.
=Itisimpossibletoknowhowoldsheis.
=Wedon’tknowhowoldsheis.
3.on+v+ing表示“一。。。就。。。”
e.g.Onhearingthisnews,Ichangedmyplan.
4.havedifficulty,trouble,aproblem,ahard/goodtime,(等表示情感的词)+(in)+v+ing.表示“。。。有困难(麻烦。。。)”
e.g.Wehavedifficulty(in)solvingtheproblem.
5.keep,stop,restrain,hold+Sb./Sth.+from+v+ing…表示“阻止某人/某物做谋事”
e.g.Nothingcanstopmefromgoingtoschool.
V+ing在句中作宾语、表语或主语时,如果它的逻辑主语和句子的主语不一样时,要有自己的逻辑主语。用“物主代词、名词所有格、名词通格、代词宾格”在v+ing前面表示逻辑主语。作宾语和表语时,常用物主代词、所有格、通格、宾格;作主语时,常用所有格和物主代词。
e.g.Theircomingtohelpuswasagreatencouragementtous.
DoesheobjecttoXiaoMing’sjoiningtheamateurdramagroup?
Idon’tlikemysister’sgoingtosuchaplace.(=Idon’tlikemysistergoingtosuchaplace.)
Pleaseexcusemy/metroublingyouwithmyproblems.
独立主格结构(AbsoluteConstruction)
状语有时可以由一名或代词和另一个成分构成的复合结构担任,称为独立结构。常见的复合结构有下面几类:
1)名词或代词+分词
e.g.Helayonhisback,hishandscrossedunderhishead.
Thestormhavingdestroyedtheirsmallroom,theyhadtoliveinacave.
2)名词或代词+形容词
e.g.Heenteredtheroom,hisnoseredwithcold.
3)名词或代词+副词
e.g.heputonhissockswrongsideout.
4)名词或代词+不定式
e.g.Herearethefirsttwovolumes,thethirdonetoconeoutnextmonth.
5)名词或代词+介词短语
e.g.Thetwosoldierswentupthemountain,guninhand