阅读理解解题教育

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《孙子兵法》曰：“知己知彼”才能“百战不殆”，对待高考，我们应该首先明白NMET的考试要求，做到“知彼”，然后分析自己的强项、弱项，做到“知己”。阅读理解是NMET的重头戏，能否顺利通过此关影响高考全局，因此考生必须对阅读理解的题型特点、解题技巧等有个清楚的认识。

一、推断题

1.解推断题应注意：

(1)不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点；

(2)推理的根据来自于上下文。

2.推断题的常见形式：

(1)Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat______.

(2)Fromthetextweknowthat______.

(3)Thestoryimpliesthat______.

(4)Theparagraphfollowingthepassagewillmostprobablybe______.

(5)Thewritersattitudetoward…is______.

3.解推断题的方法：

解推断题最主要的方法是根据词义关系推断具体细节。

Example1：Onedayamanwalkedsintosapetshopandsaidtotheshopassistant，“Ineedtwosmallmiceandaboutfivedozenroachesandtwospiders.”

“Whatdoyouneedthesethingsfor?”theshopassistantwasverysurprised.

“Well，”repliedtheman，“I’mmovingoutofmyapartmentandthelandlordinsiststhatIshouldleavethehouseinexactlythesameconditionasIfoundit.”

Q：Thepassagesuggeststhatwhenthewritermovedsintosthehouse，itwas______.

A.veryclean

B.justcleanedbythelandlord

C.tidyandcomfortable

D.dirtyandfullofinsects

解析：要恢复原样须买些老鼠和蟑螂等昆虫，因此推出答案为D。

Example2：Somepeopleareneverright.Theyneverhavegoodluck.Theyusuallydothewrongthingandsaythewrongthing.AndevenifwhattheysayordoisOK，theyasarulesayitordoitatthewrongtime.Sothesepeoplealwayshaveproblems.Theyoftenbreakdishes.Theysometimesmissbusesandairplanes.

MrNeffisdifferent.Heisalwaysright.Heisneverwrong.Heusuallyhasgoodluck.Heseldomhasproblems.Heneverbreaksdishes.Henevermissesbusesorairplanes.Evenifhedoesmissthem，itisalwaysthefaultofthebusesorairplanes.MrNeffknowsal-mosteverything.Hedoesn’taskquestions；heanswersquestions.Heneversays，“Idon’tknow.”

Q：Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthewriter’sattitudetowardsMrNeff?A.HefindsMrNeffhardtounderstand

B.HethinksMrNeffwonderful

C.HefeelspityforMrNeff

D.HedoesnotlikeMrNeff

解析：本文中使用never，还写到Evenifhedoesmissthem，itisalwaysthefaultofthebusesortheairplanes.故暗示他对MrNeff的讨厌之情。答案为D。

二、事实题

在阅读理解题中，又有相当一部分属于事实或细节题，下面仅就这类题的正确解法作简要说明。

1.直接事实题

在解答这类问题时要求学生抓住题干文字信息，采用针对性方法进行阅读，因为这类题的答案在文章中可以直接找到。

AgiantdamwasbuiltmanyyearsagotocontroltheColoradoRiverintheU.S.Thisdamwasbuilttoprotectthelandandhousesaroundtheriver.

ThishugedamisintheBlackCanyon.Itispossibletodriveacarfromonesideoftherivertotheotheronaroad，whichisonthetopofthedam.Thisdamissobigthatthereisanelevatorinside.Theelevatorgoesdownforty-fourstoriesfromtheroadtothebottom.ThereisenoughconcreteinthisdamtobuildahighwayfromNewYorktoSanFrancisco.Thousandsofpeopleworkedonthisdamforfiveyears.ThishugedamwascalledBoulderDamwhenitwasfinishedin1936.LateritwasrenamedHooverDaminhonorofapresidentoftheUnitedStates.HooverDam，oneofthehighestdamsintheworld，issituatedbetweenthestatesofArizonaandNevada.

Q：HooverDamlies______.

A.betweenArizonaandNevada

B.intheBlackCanyon

C.betweenNewYorkandSanFrancisco

D.bothAandB

解析：由第二段的第一句话和最后一段的最后一句话可得出正确答案。

2.间接事实题

解此类题需要结合上下文提供的语境和信息进行简单的概括和判断。

InvitedbyMr.YeHuixian，hostofthewellreceivedTVprogramme“StarsTonight”，MissLuoLin，MissAsiaof1991，appearedastheguesthostessontheShanghaiTVscreenlastSunday.

BorninShanghaiandtakentoHongKongwhenshewasonlysixyearsold，LuoLinhasneverdreamedofbeingMissAsia.Herchildhooddreamwastobeanairhostess.Beforeshetookpartinthecompetition，shehadbeenanairhostessinCathayAirlineforsevenyears.However，itstilltookherthreemonthstolearntheartofwalkingonthestage，dancing，singing，making-upandotherpropermanners，designedbytheAsiaTVStation.

“It’sreallyahardjobforme.Iwon’tenterforsuchcompetitionanymore.Anyhow，Iamquitelucky.IamalsogladtohavehadmorechancetoworkforthesocialwelfaresinceIwonthetitle.Thistime，inShanghai，I''''dlovetomakeadeepimpressiononmyTVaudience，"saidLuoLinwithasweetsmile.

Q：WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

A.LuoLinisanativeofShanghai.

B.LuoLinmovedtoHongkongwithherparents.

C.LuoLinwonthetitleofMissAsiain1991.

D.AsiaTVStationhelpedLuoLintobecomeMissAsia.

解析：A、C和D都可在原文找到答案，而B项原文列的是：takentoHongKong可判断不是movedtoHongKongwithherparents，因此选B。

3.词义理解题

做此类题时，学生应尽可能地利用生词所在的上下文来猜测词义，即利用我们所熟悉的词或短语和上下文中的已知部分进行逻辑上的推理，有时还需依靠常识和经验。

Anothersourceofknowledgeisthevaststoreoftraditionalpracticeshandeddownfromfathertoson，ormothertodaughter，ofoldcountrycustoms，offolklore.Allthisisverydifficultforacollegestudenttoexamine，formuchknowledgeandpersonalexperienceisneededheretoseparategoodplantsfromwildgrass.Thecollegestudentshouldlearntorealizeandrememberhowmuchofrealvaluesciencehasfoundinthiswide，confusedwildernessandhowoftenscientificdiscoveriesofwhathadexistedinthisarealongage.

Q：Inthelastparagraphthephrase“thiswide，confusedwilderness”refersto______.

A.personalexperience

B.wildweedsamonggoodplants

C.theinformationfromtheparents

D.thevaststoreoftraditionalpractices

解析：D。划线部分指的就是上文的anothersourceofknowledge，即：thevaststoreoftraditionalpractices。