英语教学Literal Translation And Free Translataion

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Howtouseliteraltranslationandfreetranslationproper?

[INTRODUCTION]

Peopleoftendiscussliteraltranslationandfreetranslation.Welaystressonhowtohandletwodifferentkindsoflanguage.Andwhichwayoftranslationisbettertousetotranslationasentence.Especially,targetlanguagemustexpresswhatsourcelanguagemeams,distortionisnotallowed.Literaltranslationandfreetranslationaretwomainformsoftranslation.Theyarenotrepulsive,contrarily,theyarecomplementary.Translationliterally,ifpossible,orappealtofreetranslation.Literaltranslationretainsoriginalskill.Soitisgetonfororiginal.Whenliteraltranslation,encountersomeobstades,peopleoftenusefreetranslation.

Freetranslationexpressesgeneralideaoftheoriginal,andcanbeacceptedbyreaders.Agoodtranslationcompositioncontainsliteraltranslationandfreetranslation.

[CONTENT]

1.Whatistheconceptionofliteraltranslationandfreetranslation?

2.Howtouseliteraltranslationproperly?

2.1Translateliterally,ifpossible.

2.2Literaltranslation≠word-for-wordtranslation.

2.3Somesentencesshouldnottranslateliterally.

3.Howtousefreetranslationproperly?

3.1Ifithassometroubletounderstandasentenceinusingliteraltranslation,usefreetranslation.

3.2Donnotaddpersonalenmotiontotheoriginalworks.

3.3Freetranslationskillneedsextensiveknowledgeandcultureofbothsourcelanguageandtargetlanguage.

[CONCLUTION]

Ifuseliteraltranslationandfreetranslationproper,youwillsuccessintranslatingacomposition.

[KEYWORDS]

Literaltranslation/Freetranslation/Sourcelanguage/Targer

language/Word-for-word/Original

1.Whatistheconceptionofliteraltranslationandfreetranslation?

Literaltranslationandfreetranslationaretwobasicskillsoftranslation.Literaltranslationreferstotranslateasentenceoriginally,keeptheoriginalmessageform,includingconstructionofsentence,meaningoftheoriginalwords,metaphoroftheoriginalandsoon.Translationwouldbefluentandeasytocomprehendbytargetlanguagereaders.

Freetranslationrefersto,accordingtothemeaningoftheoriginal,withoutpayingattentiontothedetailsandtranslationwouldalsobefluentandnatural.Freetranslationneednotpayattentiontotheformoftheoriginal,includingconstructionoftheoriginalsentences,meaningoftheoriginalworks,matapheroftheoriginalandsoon.Butfreetranslationdoesnotmeantodeleteoraddcontenttotheoriginalandtranslatorsmustconsidertheoriginalcarefully,knowitsstress,translateitnatually,expressthemeaningoftheoriginal.Freetranslationisaskillwhichtranslatorsmustknowthecultureofbothsourcelanguageandtargetlanguage,andmusthaveextensiveknowledge.

Whentranslating,shouldnotuseliteraltranslationcompletelyorusefreetranslationcompletely.Accordingtothepassagewhichyouaretranslating,youshoulduseliteraltranslationfrequentlyandusefreetranslationwhenneccessary.

Butwhatkindoftranslationisliteraltranslation?Andwhatkindoftranslationisfreetranslation?

Forexample:①

1)Don''''tlockthestabledoorafterthehourseshasbeenstolen.

Literaltranslation:不要等马被盗后,才去锁楖门.

Freetranslation:不要贼走关门.

2)Smashingamirrorisnowaytomakeanuglypersonbeautiful,noritisawaytomakesocialproblemevaporate.

Literaltranslation:砸镜子不能使丑八怪变漂亮,也不能使社会问题烟消云散.

Freetranslation:砸镜子并不能解决实际问题.

Formtheexample1),freetranslationisbetterthanliteraltranslation.Fromtheexample2),literaltranslationisbetterthanfreetranslation.Buthowtouseliteraltranslationandfreetranslation?Thereisasentence:"Translateliterally,ifpossible,orappealtofreetranslation."

2.Howtouseliteraltranslationproperly?

2.1Translateliterally,ifpossible.

Whytranslate,ifpossible?Whatistheadvantageofliteraltranslation?

Generally,rhetoricisoftenusedinapassagetomakethepassagelively.Literaltranslationretainstherhetoricoftheoriginal,soitislivelyastheoriginal.Butfreetranslationonlyexpressesthegeneralideaoforiginal,livelyrhetoricoftheoriginaldisappeared.Sogenerallyspeaking,literaltranslationisagoodchoiceintranslation.

Forexample:②

3)FormafatherknowandIknowthatifyouonlydigenoughapasturecanbemadefree.

Literaltranslation:因为我父亲知道,我也知道,只要挖到一定程度,早晚可以在这里辟出个牧场的.

Freetranslation:因为我父亲知道,我也知道,功到自然成.

4)ForKinoandJuanathiswasthemeaningofmorningoftheirlives,comparableonlytothedaywhenthebabyhadbeenborn.

Literaltranslation:在Kino和Juana看来,这是他们一生中最了不起的早晨,只有宝宝出生的那一天,才可以与之媲美.

Freetranslation:Kino和Juana以为,这一天非常重要.

Freetranslationofexamples3)and4),onlyexpressthegeneralideaoftheoriginalsentences.Itistoosimple.Metaphoranddiscribtionoftheoriginalsentenceshavadissappeared.Afterfreetranslation,itwasinferioranddull.Soitisundesirable.Buttheliteraltranslationofexample3)and4)isclearerthanthefreetranslation.Actually,literaltranslationisthechiefwayoftranslation.Itisclosetotheoriginal,livelyandnatural.Itisacceptable.Acceptablenessisveryimportantintranslation.Fromtheoryoftranslationangle,translationisatheroywhichusestargetlanguagetoexpresstheidea,contentandstyleofsourcelanguage.Itshouldaccordwiththecultureandcustomsofthetargetlanguage.Translationnotonlydoesexpresstheideaandstyleoftheoriginalmessage,butalsoneedtoaccordwiththecultureandcustomsofthetargetlanguage,sothatthetranslationcaneasybeacceptedbytargetlanguagereaders.Becausethedifferencesoftwolanguages,sometimesitisdifficulttoretaintheideaandstyleofthesourcelanguage.Theadvantageofliteraltranslationisthatalmostlyretaintheideaandstyleoftheoriginal.Somostoftranslatorsliketouseliteraltranslation.

Fromallabove,thatisthereasonof"translateliterally,ifpossible."

2.2Literaltranslation≠word-for-wordtranslation.

Atfirst,whichkindoftranslationisword-for-wordtranslation?Word-for-wordtranslationisthat:Whentranslating,considereverywords.Everywordsofsourcelanguageistranslatedcooridnatly.

Forexample:③

5)Itwasanoldandraggedmoon.

Word-for-wordtranslation:那是一个又老又破的月亮.

6)Manyofhisideasareespeciallyinterestingtomodernyouth.

Word-for-wordtranslation:他的许多思想对当代青年特别有趣.

Fromtheexample5)and6),weknowword-for-wordtranslationdoesnotdoanychangestosourcelanguage.Theformisclosetotheoriginal,butitdoesnotexpressthemeaningofthesourcelanguage.Strictlyspeaking,itisnottranslation.Nevertheless,sometranslationwhichdidsomechangetosourcelanguageandthestructureoftargetlanguageisalsothesameassourcelanguage,thetranslationissmooth,butthemeaningandthestylearefarfromtheoriginal,usually,targetlanguagereadersdidnotknowwhatitsaid.Thisisalsoword-for-wordtranslation.

Forexample:④

7)Everyatomofyourfleshisasdeartomeasmyown:inpainandsicknessitwouldstillbedear.

Word-for-wordtranslation:你的肉中的每一个原子，对我来说，都像我自己一样亲；即使在病痛中，仍然是亲的.

8)Beingateacherisbeingpresentatthecreation,whentheclaybegintobreathe.

Word-for-wordtranslation:当一名教师意味着是创造的见证人，他目睹人体开始呼吸，开始了生命.

Translationof7)and8)aresmooth.ButtheydonotaccordwiththeexpressivewayofChinese.Itisword-for-wordtranslation.

Fromallabove,word-for-wordtranslationissostarchy,goesaftertheformofsourcelanguagethatitneverthinkoftheeffectoftargetlanguage.Becauseword-for-wordtranslationdoesnotaccordwiththeexpressivewayoftargetlanguage,itisobscure,hardtounderstanditevenmakestargetlanguagereadersdidnotknowwhatdoestranslatorwanttoexpress.Word-for-wordtranslationmakestargetlanguagereadersconfused.Itisunqualifiedtranslation.

Literaltranslationalsokeepsthegeneralformofsourcelanguage,andkeepsthestructureandthemetaphoroftheoriginal.Butliteraltranslationdoesmakesomeneccessaryadjustment,maketargetlanguagesmooth,cleanandacceptable.Afterreading,targetlanguagereaderscanhavealmostthesamefeelingasthesourcelanguagereaders.Butword-for-wordtranslationonlytranslatewordbyword,itisstiffandunitelligible.Qualityofliteraltranslationisgood.Word-for-wordtranslationisinferior.Literaltranslationandword-for-wordtranslationcangivedifferentfeelingtotargetlanguagereaders.Alltranslationwhichishardtoaccept,whichhavebadeffect,whichmessageisindistinct,whichmeaningisfarfromtheoriginalisword-for-wordtranslation.Thiskindoftranslationisabortive.

Sometranslationthoughthatalltranslationkeepstheformoftheoriginalisliteraltranslation.Thatiserroneous.Theyconfusetheconceptionofliteraltranslationwithword-for-wordtranslation.Thesetranslatorstranslatelikethis:first,theylookupthemeaningofeverywordofsourcelanguageindictionary.Then,theycombinethemeaningofeveryword,neverdoanychange.Theydonotknowwhattranslationis,soword-for-wordtranslationemerge.Butexcellenttranslatorsknowthemeaningoftheoriginal.Whentranslating,theydosomeneccessaryadjustment,maketargetlanguageclearer,smoothandacceptable.Theyknowthedifferencebetweenword-for-wordtranslationandliteraltranslation.Theycanuseliteraltranslationproperly,itisaskilloftranslation.

Allinall.literaltranslationisnotword-for-wordtranslation.Literaltranslationisacceptableandnimble.

2.3Somesentencesshouldnottranslateliterally.

Somesourcelanguagesentencesareverydifficulttotranslateliterally.Itonlythoughofthemeaningofsurface,translateitliterally,theresultisunintelligibleandindistinct.Somesentencesdonotaccordwithexpressivewayintargetlanguage.Differentcountryhasdifferentculture,differentlanguage,differentcustomanddifferentwaytoexpressthesamemeaning,differentlanguagehasdifferentwayaboutmetaphors,andhasdifferentidioms.InChina,peopleusuallyusesomeidiomstodescribeaneventoraperson.Sodoinabroad.ButChineseidiomsareunintelligibleinwesterncountries.Inthesesuituations,iftranslateliterally,usually,itwouldhavebadeffectandbeunacceptable.Whentargetlanguagereadersread,theycouldnotknowtheexactmeaningofsourcelanguage.Becausethemessagewhichtargetlanguageexpresswasvague.

Therearetwoexamples:⑤

9)Oursonmustgotoschool.Hemustbreakoutofthepotthatholdusin.

Literaltranslation:我们的儿子一定得进学校，他一定得打破这个把我们关在里面的罐子.

Freetranslation:我们的儿子一定要上学，一定要出人头地.

10)Theirlegsmoredalittlejerkily,likewell-madewoodendolls,andtheycarriedpillarsofblankfearaboutthem.

Literaltranslation:他的腿轻轻痉挛地移动着，像做得很好的木偶一样，他们随身携带着黑色的恐怖柱子.

Freetranslation:他们每向前迈一步，腿就抖动一下，好似精制的木偶一样，他们身上带着一股阴沉的杀气.

Fromthetwoexamples,literaltranslationisunintelligibleevenabsurd.Butafterhadtranslateditfreely,translationbecamecleaner,smooth,acceptableandaccordwiththecultureoftargetlanguage.

Butinwhichsuituationtranslatorsshouldnottranslateliterally?Howtouseliteraltranslationcorrectly?

Anysourcelanguagewhichdoesnotaccordwiththeexpressivewayoftargetlanguageshouldnotuseliteraltranslation.Forexample:Inexample9),"Breakoutthepotthatholeusin",itisanEnglishidiom,itmeansdosomethingsuccessful.ButhowtotranslateitintoChines?ThereisalsoanidiominChina.Italmosthasthesamemeaningas"Breakoutofthepotthatholdusin".Itis"出人头地".Sowhentranslatingthatsentencetranslatorsshouldnotuseliteraltranslation,translatorsshouldusefreetranslation.

Andhowtouseliteraltranslationcorrectly?First,knowsourcelanguageandtargetlanguagecultureasmuchaspossibleandtranslatorsshouldhaveextensiveknowledgewiththeproblemswhichtheoriginalwroteortalkabout,translatorsshouldbeconversant.Weoftenhaveexperiencelikethat:Becauselakeofsomeknowledgethatsomebodytalkingabout,evenafterothersexplained,westilldidnotknoworunderstand.Sobeforetranslatorstranslatingsomematerials,especiallysomeproffessionalmaterialstranslatorsmustgraspsomeknowledgeaboutthematerials.Forexample,iftranslatesomematerialsabouteconomy,translatorsshouldknowsomeknowledgeabouteconomy;iftranslatesomematerialaboutnews,translatorsshouldknowsomeknowledgeaboutnews;iftranslatesomeprofessionalmaterials,translatorsshouldknowsomeknowledgeaboutthatproffession,orbeanexportofthatproffession.Iftranslatorwasamanwhodidnotknowsomethingaboutthematerialwhichhewantedtotranslate,histranslationwouldbeunqualified.Second,comprehendsourcelanguagemessagecorrectlyandthoroughly.Itisveryimportant.Translatorsshouldnotonlyknowthesurfacemeaningoftheoriginalandtranslatorsshouldreadthroughthesurface,knowwhatdoestheoriginalwanttoexpress.Ifatranslatordoesonlyknowsurfacemeaningoftheoriginalandtranslateitliterally,histranslationwouldbecorrespondingly.Aftertargetlanguagereaderreadhistranslation,theywouldbeconfuseandhavedifferentfeelingbetweentheoriginalandthetranslationorevenhaveerroneouscomprehension.

Translationisdifferentfromreading.Whenwereading,itnomatterhowmuchweunderstandorcanbeunderstandorhaveerroneouscomprehension.Becauselevelofthereadersislimited.Readingisonlyafeelingofhimself.Buttranslationaffectsothers.Insteadoftheoriginalauthor,translationisamanretellsourcelanguagemassagetotargetlanguage.Sotranslatorsshouldcomprehenedthesourcelanguagemessagedeeplyandthoroughly,thenretellthemeaningofthesourcelanguagecorrectlyandclosetothesourcelanguagemessage.Ifatranslatorcomprehenedthesourcelanguagejustalittlenmbiguiously,translationwouldbedifferentfromthesourcelanguagemessage.Therefore,comprehensionisveryimportant.Iftranslatorshadfalsecomprehensiontothesourcelanguagemessage,histranslationcouldbefarfromtheoriginal.Thiswillleadhistranslationtobeunqualified.

Atlast,enhanceacceptabilityoftranslation.Fromaboveweknowthattranslationshouldaccordwiththeexpressivewayoftargetlanguage,sothatitcanbeeasilyacceptedbytargetlanguagereaders.Actually,itisnotdifficulttoretainthestyleoftheoriginal.Butitisdifficulttotranslatetheoriginalaccordwithtargetlanguageexpressiveway.Atranslatorwhohasabandantexperiencecansurmountobstaclebetweentwolanguage.Anexcellenttranslatormusthavedonehisbesteffortonhistranslation.Thisistranslators''''duty.Anexcellenttranslatorhaspractisedalotonhowtohandletheproblemsintranslation.Excellenttranslationareacceptable.

Fromallabove,literaltranslationisabasicskilloftranslation.Itkeepstheformofsourcelanguage,includingconstructionofsentences,mataphor.Sometimesitshoulddosomeneccessarychangetotheoriginal,makethetranslationaccordwiththeexpressivewayoftargetlanguage.Somakethetranslationacceptable.Atranslationwhichtranslatedliterallyisclosetotheoriginal.Butliteraltranslationisnotomnipotent.Somesentencesshouldnottranslateliterally,prehenedsourcelanguagemessagecorrectlyandthoroughly,enhanceacceptabilityoftranslation.Iftranslatorswanttouseliteraltranslationproperlyandskillfully,theymustcomprehenedallabove,andhavesomepractice.Afterall,practiseisthemostimportantaspectintranslation.

3.Howtousefreetranslationproperly?

3.1Ifitwassometroubletounderstandasentenceinusingliteraltranslation,usefreetranslation.

Inwhichsuituationthetranslatorscannotuseliteraltranslation?Whensomesentencesthatthewayofexpressivebetweensourcelanguageandtargetlanguagearedifferent,shouldnotuseliteraltranslation.Ifuseliteraltranslation,targetlanguagereaderswouldhavesometroubletounderstand,thenmakethetranslationunacceptable.Inthesesuituation,freetranslationshouldinuse.Freetranslationexpressesthegeneralideaoftheoriginalaccordingtothemeaningoftheoriginal,anddoesnotpayattentiontothedetails.Buttranslationshouldbefluentandnatural.

Therearetwoexamples:⑥

11)IgavemyyouthtotheseaandIcamehomeandgaveher(mywife)myoldage.

Literaltranslation:我把青春献给海洋，我回家的时候便把老年给了我的妻子.

Freetranslation:我把青春献给海洋，等我回到家里见到妻子的时候，已经是白发苍苍了.

12)MaybeKinohascutoffhisownheadanddestroyedhimself.

Literaltranslation:也许Kino会割掉自己的脑袋，把自己毁了.

Freetranslation:也许Kino走了绝路，自己毁了自己.

Fromtheexample12),theoriginal"cutoffhishead"meanshavedonesomethingbadly,feltintopredicament.Ifatranslatortranslatedtheoriginalliterally,histranslatingwouldmaketargetlanguagereadersconfused,afterreading,targetlanguagereaderswouldfeelunacceptable.Sotranslatorsshouldusefreetranslationintheexample11)and12).Becausefreetranslationcantelltheturemeaningtotargetlanguagereaders.

Somesentences,iftranslateliterallyarealsofluentandnaturalthatitseemsthesesentencesshouldtranslateliterally.Buttranslatedthesesentencesliterallycouldnotexpressthedeepmeaningoftheoriginal.Ifweusefreetranslation,effectwouldbebetterthanliteraltranslation.Freetranslationcouldexpressthedeepmeaningoftheoriginalsentences.

Forexample:⑦

13)Castpearlsbeforeswine.

Literaltranslation:把珍珠扔到猪面前.

Freetranslation:对牛弹琴.

14)Barbarawasbornwithasilverspooninhermouth.

Literaltranslation:Barbara嘴里叼着银调羹出生的.

Freetranslation:Barbara出生最富贵人家.

Example13)and14)aremetaphor,havedeepmoral.Iftranslatedliterally,translationsarefluentandnatural,butitcouldnotexpressthedeepmeaningoftheoroginal,itisunadvisable.

Thereisanothersuituationwhichshouldusefreetranslation:asentensethatuseidioms.

Forexample:⑧

15)Somethingunexpectedmayhappenangtime.

Freetranslation:天有不测风云.

Literaltranslation:一些没有预料到的事会随时发生.

InEnglish,thissentenceisverycommon.ButiftranslateditliterallyintoChinese,itdidnotaccordwiththehabitofexpressive.Onthecontrarary,itwouldbeunitelligibleandwouldnotachivetheeffectoftheoriginal.Itwouldmaketargetlanguagereadersinappreciatable.Butintheexample15),freetranslationusedaChineseidioms,afterreadingtargetlanguagereaderswouldcomprehenedandhavenicefeeling.Sofreetranslationisagoodchoicewhenliteraltranslationcouldnotbeused.

3.2Donnotaddpersonalemotiontotheoriginalworks.

Translationisabrigebetweensourcelanguageandtargetlanguage.Taskoftranslationistoexpressthemeaningandmanifestationofthesourcelanguagemessagebytargetlanguage.Thetranslationshouldgivetargetlanguagereadersalmostthesamefeelingassourcelanguagereaders.Iftargetlanguagereadersandsourcelanguagereadershadalmostthesamefeelingafterreadingthetranslation,itwassuccessful.Iftargetlanguagereadersandsourcelanguagereadershaddifferentfeelingafterreadingthetranslation,itshowedthetranslationwasunqualified.Fromtheangleoftranslation,actually,thefeelingofreaderscanjudgeatranslation.Sothefeelingofreadersisthestandardoftranslation

Toughfreetranslationgivessomeleewaystotranslators.Translatorsshouldcomprehenedtheoriginalthoroughly,andusetheleewayscorrectly.Sometranslatorsusuallyusetheleewaysincorrectly.Theyoftenaddtheirpersonalemotiontotheoriginalworks.Sotranslationwassubjunctiveanddifferentastheoriginal.Itwasunqualifiedtranslation.Becauseiftranslatorsaddedtheirpersonalemotiontotheoriginalworksthatthemeaningoftheoriginalmessagehadbeenchangedbytranslators.Afterreading,targetlanguagereadersmighthavedifferentfeelingbetweentranslationandtheoriginal.Thosetranslationswhichaddedtranslator''''sownemotionwerenotaccordingwiththestandardoftranslation.Translationshouldavoidtoaddpersonalemotiontotheoriginalworks.

3.3Freetranslationskillneedsextensiveknowledgeandcultureofbothsourcelanguageandtargetlanguage.

Freetranslationgivestranslatorssomeleeways.Translatorsshouldusethencorrectly.Notonlyshouldtranslatorscomprehenedthemeaningoftheoriginalmessage,butalsotheyshouldbeprovidedwithextensiveknowledgeandcultureofbothsourcelanguageandtargetlanguage.Especially,onliteratureworks,translatorsshouldbeprovidedwithliteraturetraining,andtheyalsoshouldknowextensiveliteratureknowledge.Atranslatorwhowantedtotranslatealiteraturecompositionshoulddohisefforttoaccumulatesomethingabouthistory,geography,custom,naturalstyleandfeatures,tranditionalcultureandsoonabouttheliteraturecomposition.Inadditional,translatorsshouldknowthebackgroundofageandtheauthor,styleoftheanthor.Moreextensiveknowledgethetranslatorshave,morethoroughlyhecancomprehendthemeaningoftheoriginal.

Freetranslationisaskillintranslation.Translatorsshouldfirstcomprehendtheoriginalthoroughly,thentranslateitcorrectlybytargetlanguage,andacceptablelycomprehendtheoriginalthoroughlyisonthebasisofextensiveknowledgeandexcellentliteraturetraining.Somesuccessfultranslators,whentheyweretranslatingtheydidtheresearchontheoriginalauthoratthesametime.Aftertranslating,theybecameonexperttotheauthorandhiscomposition.Thisspiritisworthlytostudy.

Let''''sseesomeexamples:⑨

16)Whenthegoinggetstough,thetoughgetsgoing.

Freetranslation:沧海横流方显英雄本色.

Thewords"going"and"tough"havedifferentmeaning.ThetranslatorusedasentenceinaChinesepoemtotranslatethissentence.

17)Faultsarethickwhereloveisthin.

Freetranslation:一朝情义淡,样样不顺眼.

18)Youcanfoolallthepeoplesomeofthetimeandsomeofthepeopleallthetime,butyoucannotfoolallthepeopleallthetime.

Freetranslation:骗人一夕一事易,欺众一生一世难.

19)OutoftheFULLNESSoftheheartthemouthspeaks.

Freetranslation:盈于心则溢于言.

Theexampleaboveareallfreetranslation.Translatorstranslatedthemnotonlysmoothlyandfluently,butalsoacceptableandaccordinglywithChineseculture.Inaddition,translatorsshouldknowextensiveidiomsaboutbothsourcelanguageandtargetlanguage.Differentcountrieshavedifferentidioms.Sointranslation,someidiomsareunabletotranslateliterally.Translatorsshouldchangetheoriginalformintoanotherformwhichiseasytobeacceptedbytargetlanguagereaders.Thereby,conveythepurposeoftheoriginalwantedtoexpress

Forexample:⑩

20)WheninRome,doastheRomesdo.

Freetranslation:入乡随俗.

21)Acatonhotbricks.

Freetranslation:热锅上的蚂蚁.

22)Toexpectone''''ssontobecomeanoutstandingpersonage.

Freetranslation:望子成龙.

23)Thedogthatwillfeechabonewillcarryabone.

Freetranslation:以你说别人坏话的人,也会说你的坏话.

Freetranslationdoesnotstrachytheformoftheoriginal.Iftranslatorswanttousefreetranslationproficiently.You''''dbettergraspextensiveknowledgeandcultureofbothsourcelanguageandtargetlanguage.

CONCLUTION:

Ifusingliteraltranslationandfreetranslationproper,youwillsucceedintranslatingacomposition.Themostimportantintranslationisthewayinwhichhowtodearwiththecomplexproblemsofequivalencebetweenthesourceandtargetarticles.Butcompleteidentityofmessageisimportant,evenuseliteraltranslationonthedesignativelevelofimformativefunctiononecanonlyaimattheclosetapprorimotionandingeneralitisposibletoobtainafunctionallysatisfactorycorrespondace.

Literaltranslationisagoodchoicetotranslatelivelyandclosely,astheoriginal.Itretainstheidea,styleandrhetoricoftheoriginal.Translatorsshouldgraspit.Literaltranslationisnotword-for-wordtranslation.Sometimes,translatorsshoulddosomechangeintranslationsothattheycanmakethetranslationmoreacceptable.Word-for-wordtranslationisunqualified.Notallsentencescantranslateliterally.Somesentences,ifusedliteraltranslationwouldnotbeaccordingwiththecultureoftargetlanguage.Especiallyforsomeidioms.Translatorsshouldhaveextensiveknowledge,comprehendtheoriginalthoroughly.Especiallyintranslatingsomeproffessionalmaterials.

Freetranslationisaskill.Itneednotpaymoreattentiontotheformoftheoriginalandthedetails.Butfreetranslationshouldaccordwithtargetlanguagecultureandcustoms.Thentargetlanguagereaderscanaccepttranslationeasily.Thoughfreetranlationgivesleewaystotranslators,theyshouldnotaddpersonalemotiontotheoriginalworks.Becauseiftranslatorsaddedtheirownemotiontothetranslation,targetlanguagereadersandsourcelanguagereaderswouldhavedifferentfeeling.Sothetranslationisunqualified.Freetranslationalsoneedsextensiveknowledgeandcultureofbothsourcelanguageandtargetlanguage.Translatorsshouldbeproviedewithliteraturetraining.Especiallyknowingsomeidiomsinbothtargetlanguageandsourcelanguageisveryimportant.

Literaltranslationandfreetranslationaretwodifferentwayintranslation.Anexcellenttranslationincludsthistwokindsoftranslation.Anexcellenttranslatorcouldusethesetwokindsofwayproperlyandproficiently.Notranslatorscanuseliteraltranslationandfreetranslationproficientlyatbeginning.Allsuccessfultranslatorshavepractisedlots.Whentheyweretranslating,theyaccumulatedexperienceandknowledge.Aftertheyhavetranslatedsomecomposition,theyaccumulateextensiveknowledge.Sotranslatorsneedspractise.Andbothcontentandstyleareinsparabylinkedinanytext,andsuccessintranslationmeansdealingcreativelywithbothoftheseaspectofcommunication.

①P91Fanzhongyan1994ForeignLanguageTeachingAndResearchingPress.

②P92Fanzhongyan1994ForeignLanguageTeachingAndResearchingPress.

③P88Fanzhongyan1994ForeignLanguageTeachingAndResearchingPress.

④P88Fanzhongyan1994ForeignLanguageTeachingAndResearchingPress.

⑤P102Fanzhongyan1994ForeignLanguageTeachingAndResearchingPress.

⑥P92Fanzhongyan1994ForeignLanguageTeachingAndResearchingPress.

⑦P95Fanzhongyan1994ForeignLanguageTeachingAndResearchingPress.

⑧From:www.si-/schools/maoya.htm

⑨From:www.si-/schools/maoya.htm

⑩From:www.si-/schools/maoya.htm

ABSTRACT

Thisareticalisaboutliteraltranslationandfreetranslationandhowtouseliteraltranslationandfreetranslationproperly.literaltranslationisagoodchoicetouse,itkeepstheoriginalmessageform.Butliteraltranslationisnotword-for-wordtranslation.Somesentencesshouldnottranslateliterally.Becausethesesentencescontainsomeidiomsornotaccordingwiththecustomoftargetlanguage.Then,translaorsshouldusefreetranslation.Freetranslationisatranslationskillwhichisactive.Butfreetranslationcannotaddpersonalemotiontotheoriginalworks.Translationmustbeacceptablewhichusefreetranslation.Andfreetranslationskillneedsextensiveknowledgeandcultureofbothsourcelanguageandtargetlanguage.Ifatranslatorwantstouseliteraltranslationandfreetranslationproficiently,practiseisthemostimportant.

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