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英语词汇试题

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英语词汇试题

九年义务教育全日制初级中学英语教科书(JEFC)共收词达1060多个,词组近400条。词汇是构成人类语言大厦的建筑材料,是语言三要素中最重要的、最基本的要素,自然成为中考英语考查的一个重点。笔者随意抽取了96、97两年全国各省市中考英语试题共计35份试卷,作了统计分析,纯词汇考查的题目平均占17.2分,其考查的方式主要有如下几种:单词拼写、词形转换、词语释义、词组英汉互译、单词填空等,本文将分别作以介绍。

一、单词拼写

这种题型重在考查常用词汇的拼写情况,多数省市采用在句子基础上考查在一定上、下文中单词拼写的能力,要求写出该单词时必须考虑它所处的句子环境,采用其正确形式。

1.Ihearyou''''reliving________(高兴)inthenewbuilding.

(’97黑龙江)

该题所空之处系修饰动词living,应用副词形式happily。

2.Septemberisthen_______monthoftheyear.

(’97山西)

此题应填序数词ninth,注意n后不带e。

3.Jackish_______now,becausehedidn''''thavebreakfastthismorning.

(’97山西)

此题须根据后句“因为他今天早上未吃早饭”,才可推断出Jack现在是饿了,因此应填hungry(而不填happy,healthy,helpful,heavy等其它以h开头的形容词)。

4.Keep_______(传)theballtoeachother,andyou''''llbeOK.

(’97黑龙江)

该题应填passing,keep后应接动词的ing形式作宾语。

5.Thisskirtisc_______andtheotherisexpensive.

(’97山东)

该题填cheap。后面的expensive正好与该词相对。

6.—Howmanym________arethereinanhour?—Therearesixty.

(’96陕西)

填minutes。注意要用复数形式minutes,不能用单数形式。

7.Maryh_______oftreesareplantedeveryyearinourcity.

(’96黑龙江)

填hundreds。注意用复数形式,表示“大量、许多”。

8.He_______(清洁)ourclassroomeverymorning.

(’96广东)

填cleans。主语是第三人称单数,一般现在时,动词用-s形式。

9.Theoldhouseiswell_______(保存).

(’97四川)

填kept。被动语态,该句意为“这栋老房子保存得很好。”

10.LiMingisthebeststudentinhisclass.Hecandohishomeworkwithoutanytr_________.

(’96新疆)

填trouble。前半句的介绍对正确选出所填之词很关键。

二、词形转换

词形转换要求写出所给词的某一形式,其趋势也是在句子基础上考查。如:

1.Whoruns_______intheclass?(fast)

(’97北京)

应填fastest。此处是有一比较的范围intheclass,应用副词fast的最高级。

2.Jack''''sfatheroftenmakeshim________(do)hishomeworkforthreehourseveryday.

(’97吉林)

应填do。make作“使、让”讲时,其不定式宾补不带to。

3.Therearealotoftall________(build)inthecity.

(’97吉林)

填buildings。首先根据句子结构考虑要用名词,其次要注意用复数。

4.Theworkerswerewearingthickclothesandglassestokeep________safe.(they)

(’97辽宁)

填themselves。用反身代词表强调。

5.Hegotupatsixthismorningand_______theearlybus.(catch)

(’97河北)

填caught。根据前面的动词got判断此处也应用一般过去时。

6.Look,how_______thebabyis!(health)

(’97内蒙)

填healthy。根据感叹句的结构判断,此处应填形容词。

7.Peoplecan''''t_______withoutwaterorair.(life)

(’96新疆)

填live。情态动词后应用原形动词。

8.June1is_______Day.(child)(’96吉林)

填Children''''s。注意大写和用所有格。

9.—Whichisyourfavouritemonth?—IthinkMayisthe________.(good)(’96云南)

填best。前一句问的是最喜欢的月份,因此要用最高级。

10.Allthepeoplelikethefilmbecauseit''''svery______.(interest)

(’96河南)

填interesting。主语如果指人则应用interested。如:Allthepeopleareinterestedinthefilm.

三、词语释义

这一题型的题目较多地反映在同义词语或相同表达上。如:takecareof/lookafter,haveagoodtime/enjoyoneself,gotobed/gotosleep,begoodat/dowellin,byair/byplane,nolonger/not...anylonger,keepdoingsth./goondoingsth.befullof/befilledwith,worryabout/beworriedabout,feellike(doing)/wouldlike(todo),atonce/rightaway等。例如:

1.Theygoshoppingeveryday.

A.buythingsB.borrowbooks

C.workintheshop(’97北京)

答案A。goshopping还可用gotobuythings/shop(作动词)/paymoneyforthingsinshops/dotheshopping等来解释。

2.Don''''tworry.Yourdaughterwillbeallrightsoon.

A.illB.happyC.wellD.nice(’97广东)

答案C。allright指身体恢复健康。

3."Thankyouverymuch.""Notatall."

A.SorryB.Youarewelcome

C.CertainlyD.Itdoesn''''tmatter

答案B。对感谢的答语还有:That''''sallright./Don''''tmentionit等。

4.Bullisbadlyill.Youhavetosendforthedoctoratonce.

A.lookforthedoctorB.ringthedoctorup

C.writetothedoctor

D.askthedoctortocome

答案选D。sendfor的含义为“派人去叫(请)”。

Youhaveenoughtime.Don''''thurry,please.

A.TakeyourtimeB.Bequick

C.Don''''tbelateD.Doitsoon

(’97山西)

答案A。takeone''''stime意为“不急、慢慢干”。

6.Pleasecallmeifyouarefree.

A.notbusyB.emptyC.easyD.late

(’96广东)

答案A。许多形容词/副词可用“not+其反义词”来解释。如:light/notheavy,dear/notcheap等。

7.MrJackwillgivemeacallsoon.

A.call;outB.call;on

C.ring;upD.give;amessage

(’96广东)

答案C。打电话的词语还有:makeaphonecall/phonesb./callsb.up/givesb.aring等。

8.Thisroadisinthemiddlepartofthetown.

A.northB.centreC.southD.place

(’96天津)

答案B。类似的如:parents/fatherandmother,photo/picture,problem/question,January/thefirstmonthoftheyear,bedroom/roomforsleeping等。

9.Weoftenhearfromourfriends.

A.listentoB.hearof

C.writetoD.getlettersfrom

(’96深圳)

答案选D。再如:havealookat/lookat,gethome/gohome,drinksth./haveadrinkof,goswimming/haveaswim等。

10.—Canyoumendmybike?

—Sorry,Idon''''tthinkso.

A.Ican''''tB.IcanC.youcanD.shecan''''t

答案选A。sorry的功能相当于否定回答的no。

四、单词填空

单词填空在句子或语篇基础上考查在一定语境下拼写单词的能力,单词在具体的上下文中,因此其形式在原形基础上有一定的变化,考查的方式不同,近年来多采用看图填词和(常识性)填空等形式。例如:

A:在下列句子中填上适当的词使句子完整正确。

1.Therearefour______inayear.Theyarespring,summer,autumnandwinter.

(’97河南)

2.AfteralongwalkIgotvery________,soIlaydownandhadarest.

(’97河南)

3.PeopleinEnglanduseMr,MrsorMisswiththe______name.

(’97江西)

4.A:We''''llhavealookatthewoollensweaters.

B:Nohurry!Pleasetakeyour_______!

(’97辽宁)

5.A:Whereismycoat,Mum?

B:I_______itawayforyouthismorning.

(’96吉林)

6.A:MayIuseyourEnglishbook,please?

B:Sure,butplease_________itbacksoon.

(’96吉林)

答案与分析:

1.seasons。下一句说明是“季节”一词,注意要用复数。

2.tired。afteralongwalk...和下文的……hadarest说明不是hungry/thirsty等。

3.family。在姓氏(surname)前用Mr,Mrs,Miss等,不可填given,full等。

4.time。takeone''''stime意为:Nohurry/Don''''thurry。

5.put。put...away意为“收拾起来”。

6.give。有些同学易误填return,return不可与back连用,其后可直接跟归还的东西。如:returnmyEnglishbook。

少数省市还常采用英汉词组互译(’97吉林,’96云南)等形式考查词汇,许多省市采用的动词(时态)填空,补全对话、句型转换、完成句子、综合填空(短)、选择填空中也从不同侧面充分考查了同学们词汇掌握和使用情况,可以说词汇是我们做好各种难度较大的能力性题型的基础。

下面是词汇类试题的类编(均出自96—97全国各省市中考题):

(一)根据句子中所给单词首字母或汉语意思,写出单词。

1.HowmanykindsofflowersarethereinMrSmith''''sg_______?

2.Mum,I''''mh_______.Canyougivemesomethingtoeat?

3."Wouldyoupleaseopenthedoorforme?"theoldwomanaskedp_______.

4.Theradiosaysthebadw________willlastforaboutthreedays.

5.Youmaygototheschooll_______andborrowthebook.

6.Ithink________(九月)isthebestmonthoftheyear.

7.Therearetwo_______(千)studentsinourschool.

8.They________(到达)schoolatsixthismorning.

9.September10this_________(教师)Day.

10.It''''s_______(好)togivethantoreceive.

(二)根据句子意思,用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。

11.Horsesand______liketoeatgrass.(sheep)

12.Englishiswidelyusedby_______allovertheworld.(travel)

13.Australianseasonsare________fromChineseseasons.(difference)

14.Herearetenofthe_______names.(run)

15.Summeristhe______seasonoftheyear.(hot)

16.Thewindisblowing_______.(strong)

17.Thebottlefelldowntothegroundand________.(break)

18.Theymustn''''tleavethebabyby________.(she)

19.It''''s______toplayontheroad.Acarmayhityou.(danger)

20.A:Whatdoesyourmotherdo?

B:She''''sa________.(clean)

(三)选出与句子划线部分意思相同或相近的单词或短语。

21.Thegirlwassoweakthatshedidn''''tcatchupwithothers.

A.fellbehindB.triedtohold

C.ranafterD.felloff

22.Grandmaisill.Let''''stakehertohospitalrightaway.

A.atfirstB.ontime

C.rightoutD.atonce

23.Whatwouldyoulike,theredsweatersorthegreensweaters?

A.oneB.theseC.onesD.those

24.Heprefersapplestooranges.

A.likes;thanotherB.doesn''''tlike;somuch

C.likes;asmuchasD.likes;betterthan

25.Ifyoujumpthequeue,otherpeoplewillnotbepleased.

A.stepinaqueueB.standinaline

C.takeyourtimeD.don''''ttakeyourturn

26.HesatnexttomeandhelpedmewithmyEnglish.

A.behindB.betweenC.besideD.notfar

27.Mysuitisbroken.Iwanttobuyanewone.

A.wearsB.woreoutC.wornoutD.wore

28.HegottoShanghailastweek.

A.arrivedtoB.arrivedin

C.wenttoD.reachedin

29.Maryiswearingareddresstoday.

A.onB.inC.puttingonD.having

30.—Shallwegototheisland?

—Allright.Let''''sgotherethen.

A.NoB.OKC.WhatD.Sorry

Key:

(一)1.garden2.hungry3.politely4.weather5.library6.September7.thousand8.reached9.Teacher''''s10.better

(二)11.sheep12.travellers13.different14.runners''''15.hottest16.strongly17.broke18.herself19.dangerous20.cleaner

(三)21.A22.D23.C24.D25.D26.C27.B28.B29.B30.B