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【摘要】目的研究冬青科植物毛冬青IlexpubescensHook.etArn.根的化学成分。方法运用多种层析分离方法进行分离纯化,通过理化常数和波谱数据确定化合物的结构。结果从毛冬青根中分离并鉴定了12个化合物,分别为ilexosideD(1);ilexgeninA(2);spinasterol(3);(+)fraxiresinol1OβDglucoside(4);liriodendrin(5);tortosideA(6);magnoleninC(7);丁香苷(8);sinapicaldehyde4OβDglucopyranoside(9);4,5diOcaffeoylquinicacid(10);β谷甾醇(11)和β胡萝卜苷(12)。结论化合物3,4,10为首次从该属植物中分离得到。
【关键词】冬青科;毛冬青;化学成分;皂苷
毛冬青为冬青科植物毛冬青IlexpubescensHook.etArn.的干燥根,主产于我国广东、广西、福建、江西等地,是我国华南一些地区民间常用要药,具有活血通络、清热解毒之功效,用于治疗冠心病、心绞痛、脉管炎、缺血性中风等疾病[1]。现代研究表明毛冬青注射液具有抗病毒、抗血栓、抗肿瘤之功效,而生物活性研究目前主要集中在毛冬青甲素和毛冬青酸等单体化合物上,对其他化学成分的研究仍存在不足或缺乏。为了进一步阐明毛冬青的药效物质基础,作者对广东产毛冬青的根进行了化学成分研究。从其乙醇提取物中分离得到12个化合物,经理化常数和波谱数据分析,分别鉴定为ilexosideD(1);ilexgeninA(2);spinasterol(3);(+)fraxiresinol1OβDglucoside(4);liriodendrin(5);tortosideA(6);magnoleninC(7);丁香苷(8);sinapicaldehyde4OβDglucopyranoside(9);4,5diOcaffeoylquinicacid(10);β谷甾醇(11)和β胡萝卜苷(12)。化合物3,4,10为首次从该属植物中分离得到。
1仪器与材料
JASCOV550紫外可见分光光度仪;JASCOFT/IR480PlusFourierTransform型红外光谱仪(KBr压片);BRUKERAV400FT型核磁共振仪;FinniganLCQAdvantageMAX型质谱仪。柱层析用硅胶为青岛海洋化工厂产品;硅胶GF254薄层预制板为烟台化学工业研究所产品;SephadexLH20为Pharmacia公司生产;所用试剂为化学纯或分析纯。所用药材由温栢清先生采自广东省从化市溪流河林场,由暨南大学药学院周光雄教授鉴定为毛冬青IlexpubescensHook.etArn.,植物标本(2008071101)保存于暨南大学药学院标本室。
2方法
2.1提取与分离
毛冬青的干燥根5kg,粉碎后经70%乙醇渗漉提取,提取液减压浓缩得稠浸膏,浸膏用水稀释,以大孔吸附树脂柱进行色谱分离,用蒸馏水及20%,50%,95%乙醇溶液梯度洗脱。分别得到水洗脱物130g,20%乙醇洗脱物45g,50%乙醇洗脱物120g及95%乙醇洗脱物266g。将50%和95%乙醇洗脱部分分别用硅胶、ODS及SephadexLH20柱进行分离纯化,从50%乙醇洗脱部分分离得到化合物3(4mg),4(30mg),5(15mg),6(200mg),7(2mg),8(2mg),9(3mg)和10(2mg),从95%乙醇洗脱部分分离得到化合物1(6mg),2(6g),11(5mg)和12(8mg)。
2.2结构鉴定
2.2.1化合物1
白色无定形粉末(甲醇),ESIMSm/z789[M+Na]+,1555[2M+Na]+;UV(MeOH)λmax:208nm;IR(KBr)νmax:3408,2928,2875,1692,1630,1440,1384,1477,1049cm1;1HNMR(400MHz,Pyridined5)δ:0.90,1.09,1.11,1.27,1.45,1.75(6×3H,eachs,6×CH3),3.26(1H,dd,J=4.0,12.0Hz,H3),3.30(1H,s,H18),4.83(1H,d,J=6.8Hz,H1ofxyl),5.36(1H,d,J=7.6Hz,H1ofglc),5.55(1H,brs,H12);13CNMR(100MHz,Pyridined5)δ:38.9(C1),26.8(C2),88.8(C3),39.6(C4),56.0(C5),18.8(C6),33.6(C7),40.3(C8),47.8(C9),37.1(C10),24.0(C11),127.3(C12),139.5(C13),42.1(C14),29.2(C15),27.2(C16),48.0(C17),47.5(C18),73.5(C19),43.1(C20),25.0(C21),32.5(C22),28.3(C23),17.3(C24),15.6(C25),16.8(C26),24.4(C27),180.7(C28),29.9(C29),16.2(C30),105.7(C1ofxyl),83.3(C2ofxyl),78.3(C3ofxyl),71.0(C4ofxyl),66.6(C5ofxyl),106.1(C1ofglc),77.1(C2ofglc),78.0(C3、5ofglc),71.7(C4ofglc),62.7(C6ofglc)。以上数据与文献报道的ilexosideD[2]一致,鉴定化合物1为ilexosideD。
2.2.2化合物2
白色无定形粉末(氯仿甲醇),ESIMSm/z525[M+Na]+,1027[2M+Na]+;UV(MeOH)λmax:208nm;IR(KBr)νmax:3408,2928,2875,1688,1452,1384,1260,1168,1127cm1;1HNMR(400MHz,Pyridined5)δ:1.15,1.21,1.47,1.73,1.77(5×3H,eachs,5×CH3),1.13(3H,d,J=6.5Hz,H30),3.07(1H,s,H18),3.37(1H,dd,J=4.4,11.7Hz,H3),5.63(1H,brs,H12);13CNMR(100MHz,Pyridined5)δ:39.8(C1),29.2(C2),78.4(C3),49.3(C4),57.0(C5),21.0(C6),34.0(C7),40.3(C8),47.2(C9),37.9(C10),24.0(C11),128.1(C12),139.9(C13),42.4(C14),29.3(C15),26.5(C16),48.4(C17),54.7(C18),72.7(C19),42.3(C20),26.9(C21),38.5(C22),24.2(C23),180.6(C24),13.9(C25),17.2(C26),24.5(C27),180.6(C28),27.1(C29),16.8(C30)。以上数据与文献报道的ilexgeninA[3]一致,鉴定化合物2为ilexgeninA。
2.2.3化合物3
无色针晶(甲醇),ESIMSm/z411[MH];UV(MeOH)λmax:208nm;IR(KBr)νmax:3430,2962,2929,2870,2854,1641,1461,1381,1101,970cm1;1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ:0.53,0.79,0.81,0.83,0.84,1.02(6×3H,eachs,6×CH3),3.59(1H,m,H3),5.02(1H,dd,J=8.6,14.8Hz,H22),5.15(1H,brs,H7),5.27(1H,dd,J=8.5,14.8Hz,H23);13CNMR(100MHz,CDCl3)δ:37.1(C1),31.4(C2),71.0(C3),38.0(C4),41.1(C5),29.6(C6),117.4(C7),139.5(C8),49.5(C9),34.2(C10),21.5(C11),39.5(C12),43.3(C13),55.1(C14),23.0(C15),28.4(C16),55.9(C17),12.1(C18),13.0(C19),40.8(C20),20.9(C21),138.1(C22),129.5(C23),51.2(C24),31.8(C25),21.5(C26),19.0(C27),25.4(C28),12.4(C29)。以上数据与文献报道的spinasterol[4]一致,鉴定化合物3为spinasterol。
2.2.4化合物4
白色无定形粉末(甲醇),ESIMSm/z589[M+Na]+,1155[2M+Na]+;UV(MeOH)λmax:207,234,280nm;IR(KBr)νmax:3406,2938,2875,1614,1510,1462,1428,1365,1273,1217,1116,1080,1037cm1;1HNMR(400MHz,CD3OD)δ:2.88(1H,m,H5),3.01(1H,m,H5ofglc),3.32(1H,s,H2),3.37(1H,dd,J=2.2,12.8Hz,H6aofglc),3.48(1H,dd,J=5.6,8.0Hz,H4a),3.66(1H,dd,J=2.2,12.8Hz,H6bofglc),3.81(6H,s,OCH33′,5′),3.86(3H,s,OCH33″),3.94(1H,d,J=10.4Hz,H8a),4.33(1H,d,J=7.6Hz,H1ofglc),4.39(1H,d,J=10.4Hz,H8b),4.47(1H,t,J=8.0HzH4b),4.68(1H,s,H6),6.74(2H,eachd,J=1.5Hz,H2′,6′),6.78(1H,d,J=8.0Hz,H5″),6.85(1H,dd,J=1.5,8.0Hz,H6″),7.01(1H,d,J=1.5Hz,H2″);13CNMR(100MHz,CD3OD)δ:56.6(OCH33″),56.9(OCH33′,5′),60.3(C5),62.4(C6ofglc),71.2(C4ofglc),72.2(C4),73.2(C8),74.9(C2ofglc),78.0(C5ofglc),78.3(C3ofglc),86.9(C6),89.9(C2),99.2(C1),100.0(C1ofglc),107.4(C2′,6′),110.7(C2″),116.2(C5″),119.9(C6″),127.7(C1′),133.1(C1″),136.4(C4′),147.3(C4″),148.6(C3′,5′),149.3(C3″)。以上数据与文献报道的(+)fraxiresinol1OβDglucoside[5]一致,鉴定化合物4为(+)fraxiresinol1OβDglucoside。
2.2.5化合物5
白色无定形粉末(甲醇),ESIMSm/z765[M+Na]+;UV(MeOH)λmax:209,237,271nm;IR(KBr)νmax:3531,3389,2938,2858,1596,1509,1485,1425,1381,1330,1236,1127,1076,1036,993,820,732,639cm1;1HNMR(400MHz,Pyridined5)δ:3.78(12H,s,4×OCH3),5.80(2H,d,J=6.4Hz,H1′,1″ofglc),6.9(4H,brs,H2′,6′,2″,6″);13CNMR(100MHz,Pyridined5)δ:54.8(C1,5),56.7(4×OCH3),62.6(C6′,6″ofglc),71.6(C4′,4″ofglc),72.2(C4,8),76.0(C2′,2″ofglc),78.3(C5′,5″ofglc),78.7(C3′,3″ofglc),86.1(C2,6),104.9(C2′,6′,2″,6″),105.0(C1ofglc),136.0(C1′,1″),138.2(C4′,4″),153.9(C3′,5′,3″,5″)。以上数据与文献报道的liriodendrin[6]一致,鉴定化合物5为liriodendrin。
2.2.6化合物6
白色无定形粉末(甲醇),ESIMSm/z603[M+Na]+;UV(MeOH)λmax:210,237,270nm;IR(KBr)νmax:3388,2936,2875,1594,1506,1464,1423,1333,1235,1132,1073,811,637cm1;1HNMR(400MHz,DMSOd6)δ:3.75(6H,s,2×OCH3),3.76(6H,s,2×OCH3),4.61(1H,d,J=4.0Hz,H6),4.66(1H,d,J=4.0Hz,H2),4.88(1H,d,J=5.5Hz,H1ofglc),6.60(2H,d,J=1.4Hz,H2′,6′),6.66(2H,d,J=1.4Hz,H2″,6″);13CNMR(100MHz,DMSOd6)δ:53.5(C5),53.6(C1),56.0(OCH33″,5″),56.4(OCH33′,5′),60.9(C6ofglc),69.9(C4ofglc),71.1(C8),71.2(C4),74.1(C2ofglc),76.4(C5ofglc),77.1(C3ofglc),85.0(C6),85.3(C2),102.6(C1ofglc),103.7(C2′,6′),104.2(C2″,6″),131.3(C1′),133.7(C1″),134.8(C4′),137.1(C4″),147.8(C3′),5′)),152.5(C3″,5″)。以上数据与文献报道的tortosideA[7]一致,鉴定化合物6为tortosideA。
2.2.7化合物7
白色无定形粉末(甲醇),ESIMSm/z619[M+Na]+;UV(MeOH)λmax:209,231,304nm;IR(KBr)νmax:3394,2942,2887,1644,1599,1512,1462,1426,1379,1335,1238,1167,1123,820,754cm1;1HNMR(400MHz,DMSOd6)δ:3.41(1H,dd,J=11.6,5.8,H6aofglc),3.6(1H,dd,J=10.0,4.8Hz,H6bofglc),3.75(6H,s,OCH33″,5″),3.83(6H,s,OCH33′,5′),4.20(1H,m,H4),4.59(1H,d,J=11.2Hz,H2),4.88(1H,d,J=7.2Hz,H1ofglc),6.67(2H,eachbls,H2′,6′),7.31(2H,eachbls,H2″,6″);13CNMR(100MHz,DMSOd6)δ:48.6(C4),53.2(C3),56.0(OCH33″,5″),56.3(OCH33′,5′),60.1(C6),60.8(C6ofglc),69.8(C5ofglc),69.9(C5),74.1(C3ofglc),76.4(C4ofglc),77.0(C2ofglc),82.7(C2),102.7(C1ofglc),104.6(C2′,6′),106.4(C2″,6″),126.6(C1″),133.7(C4′),137.5(C1′),141.0(C4″),147.6(C3″,5″),152.4(C3′,5′),197.4(C7)。上述数据与文献报道的magnoleninC[8]一致,鉴定化合物7为magnoleninC。
2.2.8化合物8
白色无定形粉末(甲醇),ESIMSm/z395[M+Na]+;UV(MeOH)λmax:208,240,267nm,IR(KBr)νmax:3388,2928,1589,1511,1489,1421,1326,1240,1120,1075cm-1;1HNMR(400MHz,DMSOd6)δ:3.02~3.19(5H,m,H2~5ofglc),3.76(6H,s,2×OCH3),4.11(2H,brs,H9),4.96(1H,d,J=5.5Hz,H1ofglc),6.35(1H,m,H8),6.47(1H,d,J=15.9Hz,H7),6.72(2H,eachbls,H2,6);13CNMR(100MHz,DMSOd6)δ:56.3(OCH33,5),60.9(C6ofglc),61.4(C9),69.9(C4ofglc),74.1(C2ofglc),76.5(C5ofglc),77.2(C3ofglc),102.6(C1ofglc),104.5(C2,6),128.4(C7),130.1(C8),132.6(C1),133.7(C4),152.7(C3,5)。以上数据与文献报道的丁香苷[7]一致,鉴定化合物8为丁香苷(syningin)。
2.2.9化合物9
白色无定形粉末(甲醇),ESIMSm/z393[M+Na]+;1HNMR(400MHz,DMSOd6)δ:3.04~3.19(5H,m,H2~5ofglc),3.38(1H,dd,J=11.9,5.4Hz,H6aofglc),3.58(1H,dd,J=5.5,11.6Hz,H6bofglc),3.81(6H,s,2×OCH3),4.90(1H,d,J=4.7Hz,H1ofglc),6.88(1H,dd,J=7.7,15.8Hz,H8),7.09(2H,s,H2,6),7.63(1H,d,J=15.8Hz,H7),9.64(1H,d,J=7.8Hz,H9);13CNMR(100MHz,DMSOd6)δ:56.5(OCH33,5),60.8(C6ofglc),69.9(C4ofglc),74.1(C2ofglc),76.6(C5ofglc),77.3(C3ofglc),102.0(C1ofglc),107.2(C2,6),127.9(C7),129.3(C1),136.9(C4),152.7(C3,5),153.3(C7),194.1(C9)。以上数据与文献报道的sinapicaldehyde4OβDglucopyranoside[7]一致,鉴定化合物9为sinapicaldehyde4OβDglucopyranoside。
2.2.10化合物10
白色无定形粉末(甲醇),ESIMSm/z515[MH];UV(MeOH)λmax:246,300,330nm;1HNMR(400MHz,DMSOd6)δ:1.772.13(4H,m,H2,6),4.92(1H,dd,J=2.9,8.8Hz,H4),5.43(1H,ddd,J=5.0,9.1,11.7Hz,H5),6.15,6.22(1Heach,d,J=15.9Hz,H8′,8″),6.72,6.74(1Heach,d,J=8.0Hz,H5′,5″),6.94,6.96(1Heach,dd,J=2.0,8.0Hz,H6′,6″),7.00,7.01(1Heach,d,J=2.0Hz,H2′,2″),7.42,7.46(1Heach,d,J=15.9Hz,H7′,7″);13CNMR(100MHz,DMSOd6)δ:37.7(C2),38.4(C6),67.5(C5),67.4(C3),74.2(C4),74.6(C1),113.7,113.8(C8′,8″),114.8(C2′,2″),115.7(C5′,5″),121.2,121.3(C6′,6″),125.4(C1′,1″),145.3(C3′,3″),145.5(C7′,7″),148.4(C4′,4″),165.7,166.0(C9′,9″),175.1(C7)。以上数据与文献报道的4,5diOcaffeoylquinicacid[9]一致,鉴定化合物10为4,5diOcaffeoylquinicacid。
2.2.11化合物11
无色片状结晶(甲醇),mp141~142℃(石油醚)。溶于石油醚、氯仿、醋酸乙酯。LiebermannBurchard反应呈阳性,薄层色谱Rf值与β谷甾醇对照品一致,且与β谷甾醇对照品混合后熔点不下降,因此鉴定化合物11为β谷甾醇(βsitosterol)。
2.2.12化合物12
白色无定形粉末(甲醇),mp280~281℃(甲醇),溶于DMSO、吡啶、难溶于CHCl3、CH3OH等,LiebermannBurchard反应和Molish反应均呈阳性,薄层色谱的Rf值与β胡萝卜苷对照品一致,且与β胡萝卜苷对照品混合后熔点不下降,因此鉴定化合物12为β胡萝卜苷(βdaucosterol)。超级秘书网:
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